版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课三.docx

1、版二轮复习高考英语练酷版练习专题一 习题讲评 课三 推理判断题增分点(一)细节推断典例(2018全国卷阅读C节选)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patter

2、ns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.28What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in

3、number.CThey had similar patterns.DThey were closely connected.解析选B根据本段最后一句“Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。干扰项分析根据选段第二句可知，在狩猎时代，小的紧密联系的群体发展了各自独立的语言，故C

4、、D两项错误；根据本段内容可知，文中未提及狩猎时代语言的发展速度，可排除A项。增分技巧细节推断题考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。解答这类题的一般步骤是：(1)定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点；(2)字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意思；(3)深层理解：结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思维，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度

5、推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。训练目标(一) 对点练攻克失分短板A(2018全国卷阅读D节选)We may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environment and our wal

6、lets as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.32. What does the author think of new devices?AThey are environmentfriendly.BThey are no better than the old.CThey cost more to use at home.DThey go out of style quickly.解析：选A根据选段最后一句中的“these outdated

7、 devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源，由此可推知新的设备更节能、更环保。B(2018全国卷阅读C节选).When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading.It

8、 does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?AEbooks are of poor quality.BIt could be a waste of time.CIt may harm childrens health.DEreaders are expensive.解析：选C根据选段最后一句中的“many pa

9、rents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time”可知，许多家长仍然限制孩子阅读电子读物的原因，主要是担心孩子看电子屏幕时间增加，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。故选C。C(2017全国卷阅读B节选)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured, dis

10、placed or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.24What is unavoidable in the authors rescue work according to paragraph 1?AEfforts made in vain.BGetting injured in his work.CFeeling uncertain about his future.DCreatures forced o

11、ut of their homes.解析：选A根据选段的“Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.”可知，救助一些受伤、流离失所或病残的动物有时是令人心碎的，因为不能保证野生动物会存活下去，由此可推断作者的救助有时是徒劳的。故选A。D(2017全国卷阅读C节选).Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the m

12、usic has been lost.“The music cant be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.30What can we infer about Morans opinion on jazz?AIt will disappear gradually.BIt remains black and white.CIt should keep up w

13、ith the times.DIt changes every 50 years.解析：选C根据选段内容尤其是“It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same”可推知，由于时代在改变，人们的娱乐方式已经发生改变，所以爵士乐应该随着时代改变，才能吸引更多的听众。训练目标(二) 综合练提高解题速度(加的题目为细节推断题)AAre you planning to go to university？What do you think your responsibilities will be in

14、the first few weeks？If you go to university in Chile, there will be something extra you must do before you can begin.An important part of starting university in Chile is the mechoneo.The mechoneo is an ancient university tradition.Students beginning their first year at university are “welcomed” by t

15、he older university students.They are taken to a place like a swimming pool filled with horrible things such as old fruit, vegetables, meat and fish.They have to do games and challenges for a whole day, which may include some really revolting things like kissing a dead fish!The “queen mechona” and “

16、king mechona” are chosen that day.This will be based on how well the students do the activities, and many students try hard to be the king or queen for the year.The older students then take away the younger students things (their backpacks, money, phones, etc.) and tell them they must go out onto th

17、e street and ask people for money.They will need to bring back a certain amount of money (e.g.around 20 dollars per person) in order to be given their things back.This money is then used to have a welcome party in the night time.During the month of March it is common to see new university students a

18、ll around the town wearing dirty clothes and covered in paint and mess.But the mechoneo is increasingly a source of debate.Some students see it as an important tradition and a unique experience that can help new arrivals get to know everyone while others find it shameful.There have been campaigns to

19、 ban or soften it and student organizations in some universities have voted to end the mechoneo completely.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智利大学里的一个传统新生周。1.Why does the author ask two questions at the beginning of the text?ATo clarify responsibilities.BTo present an argument.CTo introduce the topic.DTo show som

20、e doubts.解析：选C推理判断题。根据第一段的“If you go to university in Chile, there will be something extra you must do before you can begin.”以及第二段的内容可知，文章开头提出两个问题是为了引出新生周这个话题。2What does the underlined word “revolting” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AUnpleasant. BMeaningful.CExciting. DDangerous.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后的“

21、like kissing a dead fish”可知，老生会让新生做一些“令人作呕的”事情，比如亲吻死鱼。这当然是令人不愉快的事情，故选A。3Whats the older students special way of welcoming new arrivals in Chile?AHold a big party for them.BAsk them for money.CMake a fool of them.DDebate with them.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段的内容可知，在新生周新生常会被老生以各种方式捉弄。4.What can be concluded f

22、rom the last paragraph?AThe mechoneo is a good tradition worth spreading.BAs a matter of fact, not everyone likes the mechoneo.CNew students get to know each other by the mechoneo.DIt is natural for the mechoneo to be banned in colleges.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the mechoneo is increasingly a source of

23、 debate. Some .while others find it shameful.”可知，对于新生周这个校园传统并非每个人都赞同。BAt the age of 4, I began attending the choir at St.James Church.My mother decided that joining the choir would provide me with musical instruction.I was initially joined by a lot of kids at St.James, making choir a fun, social tas

24、k, but as I grew older, one by one, my friends began dropping out.St.James was situated on the Upper East Side, one of the fanciest areas in New York, while I came from the Brooklyn neighborhood of Bushwick.Some children at the choir proudly showed off the signs of their good education whose cost wa

25、s nearly as much as my mothers yearly wage, while I wore my uniform of jeans and a T-shirt.They knew me as the girl from Brooklyn, the chorister who went to public school.This discrepancy (差异) made me very uncomfortable.I begged my mom to let me follow the path of my friends, but she replied with a

26、“no”As the years went on, I continued to bother my mother.Her answers began to lessen in severity.She said “Just do it for one more year” or “Are you sure？” Not seeing much hope, I began to withdraw my constant requests.Gradually I enjoyed finding my voice every week in church.After years in the cho

27、ir, people started to acknowledge me for my voice rather than my address and I began to appreciate music and my habitual complaints about the choir were completely gone.Through the choir, I learned that if you continue with something long enough, you will receive some sort of benefit from it and may

28、be even grow to love it.Because of the choir, I found my voice in a small church.Because of the choir, I am willing to go wherever life will take me with an open mind.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者四岁起参加唱诗班，她母亲认为这可以给她音乐方面一些指导。作者中途想退出唱诗班，但是母亲没有答应，所以作者继续留下唱歌，进而发现了自己的音乐天赋。5Why did the authors mother send her to the c

29、hoir?AShe expected to make her sociable.BShe wanted her to learn to sing.CShe was too busy to take care of her.DShe followed a friends suggestions.解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段中的“My mother decided that joining the choir would provide me with musical instruction.”可知，作者的母亲让她参加唱诗班是因为她认定这会给作者带来音乐方面的指导，即她想让作者学习唱歌。6Why

30、 did the author want to give up the choir?AShe lost interest in singing.BShe felt uneasy and embarrassed.CShe hoped to get a better education.DShe decided to help support her family.解析：选B细节理解题。由第二段的内容可知，作者来自布什维克下层中产阶级社区，而St.James教堂位于富人区曼哈顿上东区，唱诗班的孩子们爱炫耀他们所受的良好教育。由此推断，作者之所以想退出唱诗班，是因为这些孩子们的炫耀让她很不舒服，使她

31、很难堪。7.How did the authors mother react to her repeated requests?AShe didnt refuse them flatly.BShe was very angry about them.CShe agreed to them completely.DShe simply ignored them.解析：选A推理判断题。由第三段中的“she replied with a no，Just do it for one more year or Are you sure？”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和，但仍希望她坚持下去。8.What lesson has the author learned from her choir experience?ATreasure what we have.BStick to what we are doing.CBe curious about our daily life.DBe grateful to people around us.解析：选B推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，作者从自己参加唱诗班的经历中明白了一个道理：一定要坚持自己所做的事，这样才会发现做这件事的好处并