中国文化术语翻译DOC.docx

1、中国文化术语翻译DOC中国文化术语翻译Unit 1焚书坑儒burn books and bury Confucian scholars alive牛郎织女the Cowherd and the Girl Weaver or the Cow Herder and the Weaver Maid封建礼教feudal ethical codes善有善报，恶有恶报Good will be rewarded with good and evil repaid with evil.山海经Classics of Mountains and seas精卫填海Jingwei Determines to fill

2、 up the seaUnit 2饮食疗法diet therapy or food therapy色香味color, aroma and taste美食家gourmet南甜北咸东辣西酸Sweet in the south, salty in the north, sour in the west and spicy in the east.中国四大菜系Grand Four Categories of Chinese Cuisine八大菜系eight main schools of Chinese Cuisine点心Dim Sum鉴别诊断differential diagnosis礼仪之邦lan

3、d of ceremony and propriety良药苦口Good medicine tastes bitter.控制阴阳失调to conterbalance the Yin-yang disequilibriumUnit 3衣食住行clothing, food, shelter and transportation曲裾curving-front robe直裾straight-front robe战国时期Warring States Period男女授受不亲to avoid close contact of the male and the female唐装Tang Costume盘扣bu

4、ttonhole loop玉珮jade ornamentUnit 4道家四象the four Taoist quadrants风水先生a geomancer皇陵the imperial mausoleum宗庙或祠堂the ancestral temple天坛the Temple of Heaven塔pagoda莫高窟the Mogao Grottoes天人合一unity of Heaven and man拙政园Humble Administrators Garden卢沟桥的狮子数不清The lions on the Lugouqiao are uncountable.Unit 5世界遗产名录L

5、ist of World Heritage金丝猴golden snub-nosed monkey人间仙境Fairy Land on Earth五岳Five Sacred Mountains有眼不识泰山One who fails to recognize a somebody has been compared to a person unable to see Mt.Tai.稳如泰山as stable as Mt. Tai会当凌绝顶，一览众山小Only by ascending Mt. Tai will you find how dwarfish all mountains under hea

6、ven are.五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳I find it no longer worth my while to look at a mountain after visiting the five sacred mountains. No longer do I find it worth my while to look at the sacred five after returning from Huangshan.四川大熊猫自然保护区Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries云南三江并流Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Pro

7、tected Areas国家风景区National scenic area桂林山水甲天下The scenery in Guilin is unparalleled in the world( or topped all under heaven)阳朔山水甲桂林The mountains and waters in Yangshuo are even better than those in Guilin.Unit 6烽火台beacon tower天下第一关the Worlds First Pass故宫the Palace Museum（the Forbidden City）秦始皇陵Mausol

8、eum of the First Qin Emperor史记The Historical Records兵马俑Terra cotta legions释迦牟尼Sakyamuni（皇帝）登基ascend the throne腐败无能的政府corrupt and impotent government天圆地方round Heaven and square EarthUnit 7春节the Spring Festival元宵节the Lantern Festival清明节Tomb Sweeping Day or the Clear Bright Festival端午节the Dragon Boat F

9、estival中秋节the Mid-Autumn Festival重阳节the Double Ninth Festival泼水节Water Sprinkling Festival那达慕the Nadam Fair火把节the Torch Festival阴历the lunar calendar阳历 the solar calendar公历Gregorian calendar年糕sticky cakes红包lucky money in little red envelopes春联spring couplets年画New Year pictures舞狮Lion Dances闰月an interca

10、lary month年饭the New Year feast元宵 glutinous rice dumplings stuffed with various sweet fillings赛龙舟dragon boat races粽子pyramid-shaped dumplings with glutinous rice吉祥话auspicious messages秋分the autumn equinox月饼moon cake易经the Book of Changes登高节Height Ascending Festival赏菊enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemu

11、m中国生肖the Chinese zodiac五行the Five Elements算命fortune telling护身符talismans相手术palmistry相面face reading皇道吉日之类的almanacs红色等同于财富Red is synonymous with wealth.火化cremation避邪to avoid epidemies七夕节the Double Seventh Festival礼轻情意重A gift may be insignificant, but it carries tremendous friendshipUnit 8绢花silk flower漆

12、器lacquer wares景泰蓝cloisonn enamel青铜器bronze wares唐三彩the Tang tricolor ceramics盆景bonsai司线戊方鼎Simuwu Quadripod陶器earthenware新石器时代the Neolithic Age刺绣embroidery钟鼎文inscription甲骨文tortoise shell script青花瓷the blue and white porcelainUnit 9岁寒三友three friends of winter君子四艺the four skills of a learned scholar to pu

13、rsue挂轴hanging scroll工笔画gongbi or meticulous brushwork山水画landscape painting国粹quintessence of Chinese culture小篆the Small Seal Script隶书the Official Script草书the Cursive Script行书the Running Script楷书the Regular Script文房四宝four treasures of the study花鸟图flower and bird painting出淤泥而不染come out of the mire with

14、out being snearedUnit 10赵氏孤儿An Orphan of the Zhao Family15贯 Fifteen Strings of Coppers空城计 The Ruse of an Empty City白蛇传 The Story of a White Snake贵妃醉酒 The Drunken Concubine岳母刺字 Yuefeis Mother Tattooing His Back打渔杀家 Fishermans Revenge 二进宫 Entering the Palace for the Second Time霸王别姬 Farewell My Concubi

15、ne群英会 Gathering of Heroes乌盆记 The Story of the Black Basin宝莲灯 The Lotus Lantern智取威虎山 Takeover of Tiger Mountain四大名旦Four Major Dan Roles梵语SanskritUnit 11中医TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine)望observation闻auscultation and olfaction问interrogation切pulse feeling and palpation经络channels or meridian中草药herbal

16、medicine针灸acupuncture艾灼moxibustion拔罐cupping推拿massage刮痧guasha五行相生结构：金水木火土 The Generating cycleMetal produces water, water nourishes wood, wood fuels fire, fire makes earth, earth yields metal.五行相克结构：金木土水火 The Regulating CycleMetal can cut wood, wood can contain earth, earth can absorb water, water ca

17、n extinguish fire, fire can melt metal.Unit 15九歌Nine Songs木兰辞the Ballad of Mulan西厢记The West Chamber诗经The Book of Songs离骚Lament of Encountering Sorrow or Sorrow after departure孔雀东南飞Southeast the peacock flies全唐诗The complete Anthology of the Tang Dynasty初唐四杰the four preeminent poets of the early Tang

18、Dynasty诗仙the Immortal of Poems诗圣Sage of the Poems山水田园诗人pastoral poets边塞诗人frontier poets熟读唐诗三百首，不会作诗也会吟。If you have recited 300 poems of the Tang Dynasty, you will be able to intonate them even though you can not produce them.婉约派the Soft and Tuneful School (the Delicately restrained school)豪放派the Pow

19、erful and Free School (the Heroic and Unrestrained style)三国演义Romance of the Three Kingdoms水浒传Outlaws of the Marsh（All men are brothers）西游记Journey to the West (Pilgrim to the West)红楼梦A Dream of Red Mansions聊斋志异Strange Tales of Liaozhai百花齐放，百家争鸣Let one hundred flowers blossom and one hundred schools o

20、f thought contend.春秋时期Spring and Autumn period乐府the Music Bureau词Lyric Poetry2013年12月全国英语四级必考翻译（四级改革后关于传统文化）1. 对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。 Chinese Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 ye

21、ars. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese na

22、tion. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion. 2. 秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同时他们也乐在其中。Yangko is one of the tradition folk dances of Han in China. It is usu

23、ally performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is, they will come to stre

24、et and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, and the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.3. 长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就像到了巴黎没有去看看艾菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断

25、续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连成长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分都是在明代修建的。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids

26、! Men often say, “He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the “Great Wall” until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Ji

27、ayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty. 4. Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dum

28、plings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims,

29、 “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment

30、 the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year. 饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。 5. Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so