考研英语翻译练习及详细解答.docx

1、考研英语翻译练习及详细解答考研英语翻译题 练习Gandhis pacifism can be separated to some extent from his other teachings. (46)Its motive was religious, but he claimed also for it that it was a definitive technique, a method, capable of producing desired political results. Gandhis attitude was not that of most Western pacif

2、ists. Satyagraha, (47)the method Gandhi proposed and practiced, first evolved in South Africa, was a sort of non-violent warfare, a way of defeating the enemy without hurting him and without feeling or arousing hatred. It entailed such things as civil disobedience, strikes, lying down in front of ra

3、ilway trains, enduring police charges without running away and without hitting back, and the like. Gandhi objected to “passive resistance” as a translation of Satyagraha: in Gujarati, it seems, the word means “firmness in the truth”. (48)In his early days Gandhi served as a stretcher-bearer on the B

4、ritish side in the Boer War, and he was prepared to do the same again in the war of 1914-1918. Even after he had completely abjured violence he was honest enough to see that in war it is usually necessary to take sides. Since his whole political life centred round a struggle for national independenc

5、e, he could not and, (49)indeed, he did not take the sterile and dishonest line of pretending that in every war both sides are exactly the same and it makes no difference who wins. Nor did he, like most Western pacifists, specialize in avoiding awkward questions. In relation to the late war, one que

6、stion that every pacifist had a clear obligation to answer was: “What about the Jews? Are you prepared to see them exterminated? If not, how do you propose to save them without resorting to war?” (50)I must say that I have never heard, from any Western pacifist, an honest answer to this question, th

7、ough I have heard plenty of evasions, usually of the “youre another” type. But it so happens that Gandhi was asked a somewhat similar question in 1938 and that his answer is on record in Mr. Louis Fischers Gandhi and Stalin. According to Mr. Fischer, Gandhis view was that the German Jews ought to co

8、mmit collective suicide, which “would have aroused the world and the people of Germany to Hitlers violence.” 总体分析本文是一篇介绍甘地的和平主义的文章。文章先介绍了甘地的和平主义的性质、来源、具体形式等。接着指出了甘地作为和平主义者的独特之处：首先，他虽然反对暴力，但并不否认战争的立场；其次，他不躲避回答棘手的问题。本文考查的知识点：后置定语、插入语、it做形式主语的主语从句，等。试题精解46.精解 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译。该句是由but连接的两个并列分句：前一分句是简单句，后

9、一分句是主从复合句。后一分句的主干是he claimed that.，其中that引导宾语从句。从句中形容词短语capable of.做后置定语，修饰名词a technique, a method。该定语可以按照汉语习惯译为前置定语，即，“一种可以产生预期的政治效果的明显的技巧和方法”；也可以采用拆译法，译为一个句子，增译代词“它”做主语。词汇：claim意为“宣称，声称，说”；definite意为“肯定的，确定的；清楚的，明显的”，它和technique搭配时取“明显的”含义；desired意为“渴望的，期望的”，当它和results/effect等词搭配时常常译为“预期的”。翻译：其动机是

10、宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧，一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。47.精解 本题考核知识点：后置定语的翻译和词义的选择。该句的主干结构是：the method. was a sort of warfare。主语the method后有两个后置定语：一个是省略关系代词的定语从句Gandhi proposed and practiced；另一个是过去分词短语first evolved in.。如果把它们都译为汉语的前置定语会很冗长，不符合汉语表达习惯。因此可把第一个定语前置，第二个定语转译为谓语。而真正的谓语前可加上“这”或“它”指代真正的主语。表语a sort of warfare后

11、是一个较长的同位语a way of defeating.。其中介词短语of.做后置定语修饰名词a way，翻译时应前置。词汇：practice意为“练习，训练；经常做；从事”等，在本句中与propose（提出）对应译为“付诸实践”。evolve意为“逐渐形成；进化”，但它在本句中不能将基本含义照搬，而应意译为“起源于（南非）”。warfare意为“作战，战争；斗争，冲突”等，根据上下文，该词应增译为“斗争的方式（方法）”。翻译：这个由甘地提出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。48.精解 本题考核知识点：定语和状语的翻译该句是a

12、nd连接的并列句，其主干结构是：Gandhi served as a. and he was prepared.。前一分句中“in his early days”和“in the Boer War”都作时间状语，修饰谓语served，翻译时应放在句首。“on the British side”做后置定语，修饰stretcher-bearer，应译为前置定语，即，“英方的担架员”。词汇：serve as sth.意为“（为）工作，服务，履行义务，尽职责”；stretcher-bearer指“抬担架者”；on sb.s side意为“站在某人一边，和某人观点一致”。翻译：早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地

13、曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。49.精解 本题考核知识点：后置定语、主语从句的翻译。该句的主干是he did not take the. line，介词短语of.做后置定语修饰宾语the line。由于定语太长，应采取拆译法，另起一句。动名词pretending后接有that引导的宾语从句。该从句由两个并列的分句组成：both sides are. and it makes.，后一分句中it为形式主语，从句who wins为真正的主语，汉语中不存在这种语法形式，因此可以直接将从句内容译为主语。词汇：line一词的含义较多，但在本句中的含义是“态度，看法”

14、；fruitless意为“没有成果的，无成效的，徒然的”；pretend意为“假装”，本句中它后面跟有从句，应增译为“假装说”。翻译：而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无所谓。50.精解 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译该句的主干是I must say，后面是that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句是一个主从复合句。主句是I have never heard an honest answer，其谓语和宾语之间插入了一个状语成分，翻译时可放在句首或谓语之前，译为“从任何一个西方和平主义者那里我从未听说过”或“我从未从任何一个西方和平主义

15、者那里听说过”。though引导转折状语从句，其中介词短语of.做后置定语，修饰宾语evasions，可译为前置定语，也可另起一句。词汇：evasion意为“躲避，逃避；借口，托词”，根据上下文可活译为“躲闪之词”、“逃避的说法”等。翻译：我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听大了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。全文翻译甘地的和平主义在某种程度上可以与他的其他教义区分开来。其动机是宗教性质的，但他也说这是一种明显的技巧，一种方法，它可以产生预期的政治效果。甘地的态度不同于大多数西方和平主义者的态度。Satyagraha这个由甘地提

16、出并付诸实践的方法，最早起源于南非，是一种非暴力的斗争方式，用既不伤害对方又不会引发仇恨的手段打败敌人。它包括诸如公民抗议、罢工、卧轨、忍受警方的指控既不逃跑也不还击等等。甘地反对把“Satyagraha”翻译为“消极抵抗”，在古吉拉特语中，这个词的意思好像是“真理的坚定性”。早年间，在布尔战争期间甘地曾经为英方抬过担架，而且在1914-1918年战争期间他又准备这么做。即使在他彻底放弃暴力之后，他仍然很诚实地认识到在战争中必须要有明确的立场。由于他的整个政治生涯都在为民族独立而斗争，因此他不能，而且也确实没有采取毫无意义的、不诚实的态度，假装说在所有战争中参战双方完全一样，因而谁获得胜利都无

17、所谓。他也没有像大多数西方和平主义者一样，专门躲避棘手的问题。对于战争，每一个和平主义者都有明确义务去回答的一个问题是：“犹太人怎么办?你准备看到他们被灭绝吗？”我必须说，我从未从任何一个西方和平主义者那里听到过对该问题的诚实的答复，但是却听见了大量的躲闪之词，通常都是“你是另外一回事”之类的回答。甘地在1938年也被问到了类似的问题。他的回答被收录在路易斯费舍尔先生所著的甘地和斯大林一书中。据费舍尔先生记载，甘地认为德国犹太人应该选择集体自杀，“以唤起世界和德国人对希特勒暴政的认识”。There is no question that science-fiction writers have

18、 become more ambitious, stylistically and thematically, in recent years. (46) But this may have less to do with the luring call of academic surroundings than with changing market conditionsa factor that academic critics rarely take into account. Robert Silverberg, a former president of The Science F

19、iction Writers of America, is one of the most prolific professionals in a field dominated by people who actually write for a living. (Unlike mystery or Western writers, most science-fiction writers cannot expect to cash in on fat movie sales or TV tie-ins.) (47) Still in his late thirties, Silverber

20、g has published more than a hundred books, and he is disarmingly frank about the relationship between the quality of genuine prose and the quality of available outlet. By his own account, he was “an annoyingly verbal young man” from Brooklyn who picked up his first science-fiction book at the age of

21、 ten, started writing seriously at the age of thirteen, and at seventeen nearly gave up in despair over his inability to break into the pulp magazines. (48) At his parents urging, he enrolled in Columbia University, so that, if worst came to worst, he could always go to the School of Journalism and

22、“get a nice steady job somewhere”. During his sophomore year, he sold his first science-fiction story to a Scottish magazine named Nebula. By the end of his junior year, he had sold a novel and twenty more stories. (49) By the end of his senior year, he was earning two hundred dollars a week writing

23、 science fiction, and his parents were reconciled to his pursuit of the literary life. “I became very cynical very quickly,” he says. First I couldnt sell anything, then I could sell everything. The market played to my worst characteristics. An editor of a schlock magazine would call up to tell me h

24、e had a ten-thousand-word hole to fill in his next issue. Id fill it overnight for a hundred and fifty dollars. I found that rewriting made no difference. (50) I knew I could not possibly write the kinds of things I admired as a readerJoyce, Kafka, Mannso I detached myself from my work. I was a phen

25、omenon among my friends in college, a published, selling author. But they always asked, “When are you going to do something serious?” meaning something that wasnt science fictionand I kept telling them, “ When Im financially secure.”答案46但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。47还不到

26、四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。48在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。”49到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。50我知道我写不出作为读者的我所喜欢的东西，就像乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品，所以我不再那么关注我所写的东西。总体分析本文介绍了科幻小说家罗伯特西尔弗伯格。文章先指出科幻小说的繁荣与市场需求关系紧密，接着通过介绍多产的科幻小说家西尔弗伯格的创作经历予以说明。本文考查的知识点：后置定

27、语、插入语、比较结构、同位语、上下文中词义的选择，等。试题精解46.精解 本题考核知识点：比较结构、同位语的翻译。该句的主干是this may have less to do with. than with.，其中含有一个比较结构less. than.，可译为“与其说不如说”。破折号后是名词短语a factor that. 做整个主句的同位语，其中that引导的定语从句做后置定语。由于是同位语，可单独译为一个句子，补译“这”为它的主语。词汇：luring是lure的现在分词形式，可译为“具有诱惑力的”；factor意为“因素”；take into account意为“考虑”。47.精解 本题考

28、核知识点：词义的选择。该句是and连接的两个并列分句，其主干是Silverberg has published. , and he is frank about.。词汇：in ones thirties意为“在（某人）三十几岁时”，由于本句中有late修饰，如果直译为“三十几岁晚期”不符合汉语表达习惯，应意译为“不到四十岁”。disarmingly意为“使人消除敌意(或怀疑、怒气等)的”，与frank一起应译为“十分坦诚、直言不讳”。genuine意为“真正的；坦率的，真诚的”。available意为“可获得的，可找到的”，outlet意为“（思想、感情、精力发泄的）出路，表现机会”，avai

29、lable outlet不能直译，而应根据上文对应的genuine prose（真正的散文）意译为“应时之作”。48.精解 本题考核知识点：顺译法。该句是主从复合句，其主干是he enrolled. so that. he could go to.，翻译时可采用顺译的方法，保持原来句子的顺序。句首介词短语At his parents urging作状语。so that引导结果状语从句，其中插入语if worst came to worst做条件状语，应意译为“在最糟糕的情况下”。词汇：urging为urge的动名词形式，译为“敦促”； 49.精解 本题考核知识点：顺译法和分词的翻译。该句是an

30、d连接的并列句，其主干是he was earning. and his parents were.，可采用顺译的方法翻译。前一分句中，分词结构writing science fiction作方式状语，翻译时应置于谓语前面，译为“（通过）写科幻小说”。词汇：be reconciled to意为“将就，妥协，接受”。50.精解 本题考核知识点：插入语、后置定语的翻译该句是个主从复合句，其主干是I knew. so I detached.。主从句之间是插入语，列举了几个作家的名字，根据上下文，这些名字实际上指代的是作家的作品，应补译为“乔伊斯、卡夫卡、曼恩的作品”。I knew后是省略了关系代词的宾

31、语从句I could not write.，其中宾语the kind of things后又接有一个定语从句I admired as.，由于定语不长，可直接译为汉语的前置定语。词汇：detach oneself from sth.意为“挣脱，摆脱，离开”，文中应意译为“不关注我写的东西”。全文翻译毫无疑问，近些年在文体和主题上科幻小说作者已经变得更加雄心勃勃了。但是这一点与其说是与学术环境具有诱惑力的召唤有关，还不如说是与变化的市场状况有关一这是一个学术评论家很少考虑的因素。前美国科幻小说家协会主席罗伯特西尔弗伯格是在一个以写作为生计的作家为主导的领域中最多产的作家之一。（不像推理作家或西部文

32、学作家，大部分科幻小说作家都不能指望从电影的热销或相关产品的销售中牟利。）还不到四十岁，西尔弗伯格就已出版了一百多本书籍，而他对真正散文的质量与应时之作的质量之间的关系十分坦诚，毫无掩饰。按照他自己的说法，“他是来自布鲁克林一个令人讨厌的舞文弄墨的年轻人”，他十岁的时候看了第一本科幻小说，十三岁时开始认真地写作，到了十七岁由于对不能进入庸俗杂志领域的绝望而差点放弃写作。在他双亲的敦促下，他报考了哥伦比亚大学，所以即便最糟他也能进入新闻学校，“将来总可以有一份稳定的好工作。”大二时，他将他的第一个科幻故事卖给了一家叫星云的苏格兰科幻杂志。到大三结束时，他卖掉了一本小说和二十多个故事。到大四结束的时候，他每星期写科幻小说已经可以赚两百美元了，而他的双亲也接受了他对于文学生涯的追求。“很快我变得非常愤世嫉俗。”他说，我先是什么也卖不出，然后什么都卖得出。市场使我不好的性格展现出来。一个下三滥杂志的编辑会打电话告诉我他下一期杂志中缺一万字的文稿，于是我为了150美元的稿酬连夜赶稿。我发现改写后没有什么不一样。我知道我写不