中考初中英语名词讲解与练习.docx

1、中考初中英语名词讲解与练习中考初中英语名词讲解与练习1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名称。（专有名词的第一个字母要大写。）Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革普通名词又可进一步分为四类1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风扇picture 照片2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。people 人们family 家庭army

2、 军队government 政府group 集团3) 物名质词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友情patience耐力2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,如:an apple two apples a car some cars不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式.抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一

3、般是不可数名词。sand 沙sugar 糖有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不同。glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件3.名词的功能名词在句中作主语, 宾语,介词宾语,宾语补助语,表语以及名词短语作状语。The bag is in the desk. bag 作主语。书包在桌子里边。I washed my clothes yesterday. clothes 作宾语。昨天我洗了我的衣服。This is a good book. book 作表语。这是一本好书。We elected him our monitor. monitor作宾语补助语。我

4、们选他为我们的班长。Mary lives with her parents. parents作介词宾语.玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。He is a Party member. Party 作定语.他是一名党员。They study hard day and night. day and night作状语。他们白天黑夜地学习。4.可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber)和复数(the Plural Number)两种形式。名词的复数形式(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分规则如下:1) 一般情况下,在词尾加-s. 例如:bags, maps, pens, desk

5、s, workers2) 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加-es. 例如: buses watches boxes3) 以ce, se, ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s. 例如: licences blouses oranges4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es. 例如: babies families5) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves. book shelves, wives, knives注:英语中有些名词的复数形式是不规则的,需要一一记忆常见的有,man - men woman - women foot - feettooth - te

6、eth mouse - nice ox - oxensheep - sheep dear - dear fish - fish英语中有些名词总是以复数形式出现。scissors 剪刀goods 货物trousers 裤子clothes 衣服glasses 玻璃杯4.名词的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns)在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。bird 作主语, 是主格。I saw a film yester

7、day. 昨天我看了一场电影。film 作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有格。Lu Xuns book is worth reading. 鲁迅的书值得一读。This is my fathers room. 这是我父亲的房间。名词所有格的构成单数名词加s 例词:Mikes father以s结尾的复数名词加 例词:the teachers room不以s结尾的复数名词加s 例词:mens womens课后练习题1、Nowadays we can learn a great deal of _ about the world through the Interne

8、t. A. information B. books C. people D. countries2、-The man is training some boys to play basketball in the playground. Is he a _ ? -Yes, thats right.A. doctor B. policeman C. driver D. coach3、- The wall of our building is made of . - Thats good. So the room will be bright. A. glass B. steel C. wood

9、 D. paper 4、-Pass me the _ on the table, please. I want to play paper-cutting. A. chopsticks B. silver C. surface D. scissors5、As we know that dogs have a pretty good of smell. A. sense B. idea C. feeling D. taste6、-How often do you eat _?-I guess I eat it two or three times a week.A. junk food B. v

10、egetable C. banana D. hamburger7、 Next week is quite full for me. And I have to see the _ for teeth cleaning.A. dentist B. reporter C. musician D. writer8、 When I was young, I always liked to play in the _ near my home. A. band B. wonder C. stream D. energy9、I have some problems with my health. Can

11、you give me some _?A. advice B. messages C. suggestion D. note10、- What fruit would you like? - Some , please. They are my favorite. A. dessert B. grapes C. juice D. biscuits11、We can get about our homework on the Internet. A.an information B. many information C. some informations D. some informatio

12、n12、You can see some students read books in our school in the afternoon. A. library B. bookcase C. box D. schoolbag13、 -Where can I buy a football? -Maybe you should go to the _. A. clothes shop B. flower shop C. shoe shop D. sports shop14、Whats your favorite color，Linda?I like _ best.I have many th

13、ings of that color.Abaseball Bgeography Clicense Dpink15、There are two near here. A. shoe shop B. shoes shops C. shoe shops D. shoes shop16、Why are these mobile phones sold so well in your store，Mr Wang?Because almost every _ likes their styles.Ahero Bruler Cpioneer Dcustomer17、Doctor，do you think I

14、 have got a bad cold?Maybe. But I cant say that before I_ you.Acreate Bwarn Cexamine Dpraise18、Is it true that some colors can make us feel relaxed?Yes. Colors do have the _ to change our feelings and moods.Asecret Bpower Cidea Dexperience19、In western countries, _ are thrown away each day. A. mount

15、ains of rubbish B. mountains of rubbishes C. a lot of rubbish D. a lot of rubbishes20、 Look, five _ are feeding on the hill. A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps D. the sheep21、 How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? - _.A. In five days time B. In five days timeC. In five days time D. For five days22、 Wh

16、ich _ of Shanghai do you come from? -Let me show you on the map. A. city B. village C. country D. part23、 What would you like,Madam? Id like _, please.A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of orangesC. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange24、 Several _ are talking under the tree. And their

17、 _ are swimming in the lake. A. woman; children B. woman; child C. women; children D. women; child25、If you want to get the job, you need to have two years working _.A. experience B. pronunciation C. conversation D. environment 26、Close your eyes and guess what the box is made of.Its so heavy. It mu

18、st be made of _. Apaper Bplastic Csilk Dmetal 27、What fruit would you like? Some , please. They are my favorite. A. dessert B. grapes C. juice D. biscuits28、 Do you have any _and _for lunch? A. chicken; tomatoes B. chicken; tomato C. chickens; tomatoes D. chickens; tomato29、if you need further _abou

19、t our products, please surf the Internet. A. Information B. experience C. practice D. expression 30、Anna studied day and night in order to get good _ on her exams.A. scores B. ways C. reasons D. exercises31、Jenny, you should prepare for tomorrows _. A. attention B. interview C. direction D. instruct

20、ion32、What _ will global warming bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list. Anews Bdangers Ccourses Dadvantages33、If you can value what you have and do something to help others, you will find your life is full of _.Afriendship Bpleasure Csadness Dtrouble34、Tigers like to eat_, but koalas like

21、to eat_. Ameat, leaf Bmeats, leaf Cmeat, leaves Dmeats, leaves35、You won first prize in the physics competition. Are you kidding? I made several terrible _A. mistake B. mistakes C. problem D. problems36、Daming has collected 5，000 _ Abus tickets Bbuses ticket Cbus ticket Dbuses tickets37、The broken _

22、 may cut into your hand if you touch it.You should be careful.Aglass Bglasses Ccandle Dcandles38、 This restaurant is very popular, because its Chinese _ are very good.A. meals B. pictures C. menus D. seats39、There are_in our town Atwo Japanese and five American Btwo Japaneses and five American Ctwo

23、Japanese and five Americans Dtwo Japaneses and five Americans40、I found my lost bike because of his proper _.A. decision B. satisfaction C. surprise D. joy 参考答案1、A2、D3、A4、D5、A6、A7、A8、C9、A10、B11、D12、A13、D14、D15、C16、D17、C 18、B 19、A20、B21、B22、D23、A24、C25、A26、D27、B 28、A29、A30、A31、B32、B33、B34、C35、B 36、A3

24、7、A38、A39、C40、A一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解 When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings (缺点). Sometimes she said I was thin. Sometimes she said I was lazy. Sometimes she said I wasnt a good student. Sometimes she said I talked too much, and so on. I tried to put up with

25、(忍受) her as long as I could. At last, I became very angry. I ran to my father with tears in my eyes. He listened to me quietly, and then he asked, Are the things she said true or not? Mary, didnt you ever wonder what youre really like? Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points th

26、at are true. Pay no attention to the other things she said. I did as he told me and to my surprise, I found that about half the things were true. I brought the list back to my dad. He refused to take it. Thats just for you, he said. You know better than anyone else the truth about yourself. When som

27、ething said about you is true, youll find it will be helpful to you. Dont shut your ears. Listen to them all, but hear the truth and do what you think is right. Many years have passed. The situation often appears in my mind. In our life we often meet with some trouble and we often go to someone and

28、ask for advice. For some advice you will treasure all your life!（1）How did the writer feel when her friend pointed out her shortcomings at first? A.Happy.B.Thankful.C.Unhappy.D.Nothing.（2）What did the writers father do after he heard her complaints(抱怨)? A.He agreed with her enemy.B.He let her contin

29、ue to put up with her enemy.C.He told her to write down all her enemy had said about her.D.He told her not to pay attention to what her enemy had said.（3）The writer felt _ when she did the things as her father had told her. A.surprisedB.angryC.disappointedD.sad（4）Which of the following can we know from the passage? A.The enemy thought the writer was pretty.B.The enemy thought the writer studied hard.C.The writer and her enemy became best friends at last.D.The writer is thankful to her father.（5）Which of the following can be th