中考英语谓语动词的语态专项讲解+练习.docx

1、中考英语谓语动词的语态专项讲解+练习中考英语-谓语动词的语态专项讲解+练习谓语动词的语态（1）1. 你知道什么是语态吗？它分为几种呢？语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系；英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。2. 主动语态和被动语态有什么区别呢？ 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。情景一：被动语态的结构 主语 + be + done(过去分词)例1 He cleans the room every weekend. （主动句）The room is cleaned by him every weekend. （被动句）例2 Someone s

2、tole his bike yesterday.His bike was stolen by someone yesterday.【变化口诀】：宾变主来，主变宾；谓变be done, 时不变；注意数格，抄其余；从上面的例句中，你发现什么规律了吗？什么样的主动句才能变被动句？只有及物动词 clean (the room); steal (his bike) 才具有被动语态；情景二：被动语态的用法 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 This desk is made of wood. 这个桌子是木制的。 强调动作的承受者，而不是强调动作的执行者。 This book is written b

3、y Luxun. 这本书是由鲁迅写的。情景三：被动语态的时态一般现在时的被动语态：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词* Our classroom is cleaned every day. * Knives are used for cutting things. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词*A new shop was built last year.*Some trees were planted along the river last month. 一般将来时的被动语态：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词* A new h

4、ospital will be built in our city.* Many more trees will be planted next year. 现在完成时的被动语态：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词*This book has been translated into many languages.*Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.让我们来总结一下规律吧。把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 先找出谓语动词； 再找出谓语动词后

5、的宾语； 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语； 注意人称、时态和数的变化。下面我们来小试身手吧, 把下面的句子改为被动句。1. Bruce writes a letter every week. _2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. _3. He has written two novels so far. _4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. _5. You must lock the door when you leave. _6. Lucy is writing a letter now. _ 答

6、案：1. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3. Two novels have been written by him so far.4. Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5. The door must be locked when you leave.6. A letter is being written by Lucy now.谓语动词的语态（2）1.你还记得上一节我们所讲的被动语

7、态的结构？被动语态的结构：be + 过去分词 ；其实我们还会用到 get + 过去分词2.你知道这两种被动语态的区别吗？“be + 过去分词”多用来表示状态；“get + 过去分词”多用来表示动作或动作的结果和逐渐变化。情景一：“be + 过去分词” 与 “get + 过去分词”的区别1.These young people are married and they got married last year.这些年轻人都已经成家了。他们是去年结婚的。【解析】句中的are married 表状态；got married 表示结婚的动作2.The tree is broken and it go

8、t broken in the storm.这棵树断了，是在暴风雨中被折断的。【解析】句中的 is broken 表示状态和客观事实；got broken 表示被折断的动作情景二：容易出错的被动语态使役动词 make - make sb do sth, let - let sb do sth 等感官动词 see- see sb do sth, watch- watch sb do sth，hear - hear sb do sth 等，变成被动语态时，注意！1. We saw her play soccer on the playground. (主动语态） She was seen to p

9、lay soccer on the playground. (被动语态)2. The boss made us work until midnight yesterday. (主动语态) We were made to work until midnight yesterday. (被动语态)3. We often hear Lily sing English songs in her room. (主动语态) Lily is often heard to sing English songs in her room. (被动语态)情景三：不用被动语态的两种情况 系动词无被动语态 (taste

10、, look, feel, smell,sound, remain 等) This kinds of cake is tasted good. The sofa is felt very soft. This kind of cake tastes good. The sofa feels very soft. 不及物动词无被动语态 What was happened just now? The plane was disappeared in the sky. What happened just now? The plane disappeared in the sky. 被动语态的综合练

11、习题1. When I _ once _ about my Chinese dream, I hoped all children especially girls received a good education.A. have; asked B. am; asked C. was; asked D. was; asking 2. -Can Mr. King spare some time for the evening party? -If he _, he must try his best to make it. A. will be invited B. is invited C.

12、 invites D. will invite3.Music is an international language that _ all over the world. A. is understand B. understood C. understands D. was understand4.-Do you know when the Reader朗读者on CCTV 1 _ every week? -Sure. At 8:10 every Saturday evening. A. will be held B. was held C. held D. is held5.-Its 1

13、0 oclock. I am afraid that I cant finish the report tonight. -Dont worry. You _ plenty of time to do it tomorrow.A. give B. will give C. will be given D. were given答案：1. C ask me about my Chinese dream 的被动，从主句中 hoped 可知是过去时的被动。2. B invite him to the party 的被动，时态上符合主将从现，可知是一般现在时的被动。3. A understand la

14、nguage的被动，从主句的时态上判断，可知是一般现在时的被动。4. D hold the Reader on CCTV 1 的被动, 从every week 可知是一般现在时的被动。5. C give you plenty of time to do it 的被动，从 tomorrow上可知，是将来时的被动。二、英语书面表达专项训练2 诚信是中华民族的传统美德，也是社会主义核心价值观内容之一。而你的朋友Daming最近却被诚信危机所困扰。上周末，他本来和Lingling相约一起去电影院看电影，但是他却因为在家复习考试，把这件事忘了，直到第二天才想起来。因此，Lingling很生气，并且不愿接

15、受Daming的道歉。请你就此事给校报投稿，以“The Importance of Promise”为题，内容要点如下：1、简述事件；2、谈谈自己的看法，并给Daming一些建议。注意：1、词数80100；2、行文连贯，逻辑合理；3、文中不能出现真实的校名和人名； 4、文章的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调） the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise. Pr

16、omise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【答案】The Importance of PromiseDear editor,People always emphasize（强调）the importance of the promise, and they hate people who break their promise.Recently, a thing happened to my friend, and I think it was really his fault. Last weekend, my f

17、riend Daming had a date with his friend Lingling to watch a movie. But he totally forgot it that day because of his review for his exam. So Lingling got too angry to forgive him. In my opinion, it was really his fault. Forgetting the date not only led to Linglings anger, but also made her lose trust

18、 in him. Keeping promises is always the traditional virtue of the Chinese nation. What Daming should do now is to ask for forgiveness and promise that he will never do that again.Promise is very important. Everyone should keep it. Yours,Tony【解析】【分析】本文为一篇稿件，需要学生通过大明和玲玲之间，大明没有信守承诺的事情，谈自己的看法。信守承诺是中华民族的

19、传统美德，在写作过程中，注意文章结构，先写出大明和玲玲之间的事情，然后再说自己对此的看法。【详解】首先，第一句话直接点明作者的观点，大明是犯错了的。然后仔细阐述了事情发生的经过。接下来说出自己对此事件的看法，不信守承诺会导致失去别人的信任，对大明的建议是除了认错之外，还需要再次保证永不再犯。【点睛】文章结构清晰，符合逻辑，先表明自己观点，然后阐述事情，提出自己的观点和建议。整篇文章在谋篇布局上，比较严密。除此之外，中间也使用了一些连接词，例如but，so，because of等，使文章更加通顺。3 假如你是李华, 你的美国笔友Bill给你发了一封电子邮件, 想了解你的梦想职业。请认真阅读下面的

20、邮件, 根据信中的内容和你的实际情况给他写封回信。To: lihua china. comFrom: bill006 america. comSubject: Your dream jobDear Li Hua,Our teacher told us China is developing fast. You are lucky enough to live in China.Would you please tell me about your dream job in the future?What is your dream job? Why do you like the job? D

21、o you think your personality is suitable for the job? Why or why not? What do you need to do for your dream job?Drop a few lines if you have time.Best wishes,Bill要求:1. 参考提示语, 可适当发挥；2. 语句通顺, 意思连贯, 书写工整；3. 文中不得出现你的任何真实信息（姓名、校名和地名等）；4.词数: 不少于70词（开头已给出, 但不计入总词数）。Dear Bill,Thank you for your letter. I am

22、 glad to tell you about my dream job. _Yours,Li Hua【答案】例文Thank you for your letter. I am glad to tell you about my dream job. Teaching is my dream job because I would like to share my knowledge with my students and help them solve problems. I am outgoing and helpful. I get on well with children. Bes

23、ides, the schools environment appeals to me and staying with students helps to keep me young and alive. To realize my dream, I have to make full use of spare time to acquire the essential knowledge and enter a good university. What efforts are you making for your dream?Tell me about your ideal job!Y

24、ours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本题通过描写梦想中的职业，让学生对未来有憧憬，给一部分提示词，让学生有话可说。【详解】首先回答职业是教师。然后解释为什么喜欢该工作，因为可以把自己的知识分享给孩子们，并且喜欢学校的环境。为了实现自己的梦想，正在为此作出努力。最后向Bill提出问题，结束全文。【点睛】本文首先开篇功能句Thank you for your letter.然后开始主要内容，运用多种连接词，比如because，Besides，To realize my dream, 等使文章连贯性强，长短句结合，读起来朗朗上口，不失为一篇佳作。4假如你是班长李华，今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进

25、行了讨论。你们班的外教David对此很感兴趣。请你根据以下信息，给 David写一封电子邮件，告诉他讨论的情况及你自己本人的计划及原因。比例计划原因50% 去国内外旅游1.放松;2.欣赏美景30% 多读一些书1.增长知识；2.培养兴趣20% 参加社会实践1.锻炼自己;2.结识朋友你的计划? (至少一个)？（请你补充）注意：(1)邮件应包含所有要点(2)词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数)；(3)不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分注：社会实践 social practice activitiesDear DavidIm writing to tell you somethi

26、ng about our discussion today._Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【答案】Dear DavidIm writing to tell you something about our discussion today.The students have their own plans about how to spend a meaningful summer vacation. Half of the students plan to travel at home and abroad. They want to relax and enjoy the

27、beautiful scenery. Thirty percent of students plan to read more books. They believe that reading can increase knowledge. Reading books can make people smart and develop interests. 20% of them plan to take part in social practice activities. They want to exercise themselves and make new friends. Im g

28、oing to take part in social practice activities, too. I want to learn something new and get good experience from these activities.Best wishes!YoursLi Hua【解析】【详解】这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语，为文章增色不少，如how to do，spend a meaningful summer vacation，half of，plan to do，travel at home and abroad，enjoy the beautiful scenery，take part in，social practice activities，make new friends 等。而非