loveisafallacy详细讲解复习.docx

1、loveisafallacy详细讲解复习Introduction to the text:1.This text is a piece of narrative writing, a story.2.The narrator of the story, Dobie Gillis, a freshman in a law school, is the hero or protago nist主角，正派角色）.He struggles aga inst two an tag oni sts 反派角色）：Petey Burch, his roommate whose girlfriend he pl

2、ans to steal; and Polly Espy, the girl he intends to marry after suitable re-educati on.3.The climax （高潮） of the story is reached in paragraphs147 to150 when Polly refuses to go steady with the n arrator because she had already promised to go steady with Petey Burch.4.The deno ueme nt（结局） follows ra

3、pidly and ends on a very ironic tone.About the Title-The title of the story is humorous and well-chosen. It has two meanings:1.Whe n “ fallacy ” is take n in its ordinary sen se, the title means:There is a deceptive（虚伪的，欺诈的） or delusive （欺瞒的，迷惑的） quality about love.2.When “fallacy” is taken as a spe

4、cific term in logic, the title means:Love cannot be deduced（推理） from a set of give n premises.Perhaps Max Shulma n wants the reader, after read ing the story, to con clude thatlove” is an error, a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic. But the writer, through this sto

5、ry has succeeded perhaps un witti ngly无意地）in reveali ng what love may sometimes mea n in the affluent society 物质社会）.Girls do not want brilliant, gifted or educated husbands, but want husba ndswho are rich and wealthy eno ugh to provide all the thi ngs n ecessary in life home, clothes, cars, etc.Pay

6、atte nti on to his cha nge of emoti ons:1.favori ng her with a smile2.chuckled with amuseme nt3.chuckled with somewhat less amuseme nt4.forcing a smile/ ground my teeth5.croaked, dashed perspireDetailed study of the texten terpris ing : ad. hav ing or show ingen terprise有事业心的； 有胆量的； 富于创业精神的It s very

7、 en terpris ing of them to try and start up a bus in ess like that.asas: a correlative con struct ion used to in dicate the equality or same ness of two thin gs. He is as str ong as an ox.month of Sundays : (colloquial 口语体的 ) long time unfettered : ad. (fml. or lit.) free from control; not tied by s

8、everal rules The new city developed quickly, unfettered by the usual planning regulations. limp: ad. drooping; lacking firmness 无力的；易弯的 I like lettuce to be crisp, not limp and soggy.我喜欢莴苣是脆的，不喜欢软而湿乎乎的。 flaccid : ad. soft and weak; flabby spongy: ad. like a sponge; soft and porous peda ntic: ad. pay

9、 ing too much atte nti on to details and uni mporta nt rules迂 腐的； 学究的 pedant: n.a person who pays more attention to formal rules and book learning than they merit discipline: a branch of knowledge or learningtrauma : a term in psychiatry meaning a painful emotional experience or shock, often produci

10、ng a lasting psychic effect. 心灵创伤；精神创伤Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.Metaphor(暗喻) and hyperbole(夸张).It is a metaphor comparing logic to a living h

11、uman being. It is a hyperbole because it exaggerates for the sake of effect.calculating: ad. coldly planning and thinking about future actions and esp. whether they will be good or bad for oneself.perspicacious: ad. (fml.) having or showing very clever judgment or understanding 聪敏的；睿智 的a perspicacio

12、us comment 有见地的评论astute: ad. clever and able to see quickly something that is to ones advantage; shrewd 精明的； 敏锐的；狡黠的an astute businesswoman/investmentacute: ad.(1)(of the sen ses) able to no tice small differe nces; sharp感 觉灵敏的； 敏锐的 Dogs have an acute sense of smell. /He has very acute hearing.(2)sh

13、ow ing an ability to un dersta nd things clearly and deeply; pen etrat ing 深刻的 an acute analysis of the political situation(3)severe; very great 严重的acute pain/an acute shortage of waterdynamo : an earlier form of generator, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energychemists sca

14、les: Such scales are more precise and accurate for they have to weigh small quantities of powder or other medicine.scalpel: a surgeon s sharp knife used in operations手术刀； 解剖刀My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemisst scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.(Para.4)Simile (明喻),compari

15、ng his brain to three different things.Hyperbole, exaggerating for effect.dumb: (American colloquialism or slang) stupid; moronic; unintelligentdumb as an ox: as stupid as an ox; very stupidnothing upstairs: (American slang) empty-headed; a nitwit (笨蛋；傻瓜 ). The corresponding British slang is “unfurn

16、ished in the upper storey”.unstable: ad. easily moved, upset or changedemotional: ad. having feelings which are strong or easily movedimpressionable: ad. easy to be influenced, often with the result that ones feelings and ideas change easily and esp. that one is ready to admire other people.The chil

17、d is at an impressionable age. 这孩子正处于易受影响的年龄。 faddist: a person who follows fads (a passing fashion or craze) Emotional type. Unstable. Impressionable. Worst of all, a faddist.All four sentences are elliptical (省略的).The subject and verb “he is” is left out. fads: a passing fashion or craze submit: v

18、. to offer as an opinion; suggest; propose very negation: complete (absolute) lack reason: the ability to think, draw conclusionsto be swept up in: to be carried away by; to follow enthusiasticallycraze: something that is currently the fashion; fadto surrender yourself to: to yield; to indulge inidi

19、ocy: n. U great foolishness or stupidity acme: n. the highest point of developme nt, success, etc极度； 发展、成就的顶点； 登峰造极the acme of perfectionacme of mindlessness: the height of stupidity; the greatest lack of intelligenceLaxative : n./ad/ (a medicine or sth.) eaten for causing the bowels to empty easil泻

20、药； 通便剂 Its dangerous for people suffering from appendicitis to take any kind of laxative.pausing in my flight: n. fleeing or running away from. Here it means“stopped rushing out”(to get a doctor).wail: v. (often derog.) to cry out with a long sound (as if) in grief or pain 嚎啕大哭；大声哭叫 pound: v. to hit

21、 hard; to deliver heavy, repeated blows 猛击； 猛打； 猛烈跳动 He pounded the table angrily. /My heart pounded with excitement.incredulously : adv. showing disbelief, unbelievinglyan incredulous look/smilein credible : ad. sth. too strange to be believed; un believable or very hard to believed 敢相信的；难 以置信的That

22、s the most incredible coincidence I ve ever heard of!Look at it rationally : “it” stands for the whole question of owning and wearing a raccoon coat. unsanitary: ad. not clean or healthyThey shed: The fur of the raccoon coats cast off or lose hair (all the time).unsightly : ad. not pleasant to look

23、at; uglyIts the thing to do: Its the right, proper or fashionable thing to do.in the swim: conforming to the current fashions, or active in the main current of affairsslip: to pass, move, etc. smoothly, quickly or easilyslipped into high gear: began to work at high speed or efficiency. A machine is

24、in high gear when the arrangement of gears provide the greatest speed but little power.gear: any of several arrangements, esp. of toothed wheels in a machine, which allow power to be passed from one part to ano ther so as to control the power, speed or directi on of movemen齿轮传 动装置；排挡 )narrowly : adv

25、. (fml.) in a thorough and usu. doubting way 彻底的； 追根究底的 The teacher questioned the boy narrowly about why he was late.affirm : v. to declare (usu. again, or in answer to a question or doubt肯定； 确认She affirmed that she was telling the truth.The minister affirmed the governments intention to reduce tax

26、es.stroke: v. pass the hand over gen tly, esp. for pleasur抚摸The cats like being stroked.He stroked his beard reflectively. 他捋着胡子在沉思。I stroked my chin t h o u g h tfu l l y .我若有所思的抚摸着下巴。covet: v. (esp. bibl or humor) to desire eagerly (esp. sth. bel onging to ano ther person觊觎； 垂涎 to let my heart rul

27、e my head: Metonymy.“Heart” stands for“feelings and emotions”and“head” for “reason and good sens”e.cerebral: ad. (fml. humor) con ceived by the in tellect rather tha n the emotio ns.理智的gracious: ad. polite, kind and pleasa nt, esp. in a gen erous wa亲切的； 和蔼的； 仁慈的； 有礼貌 的Busy as she was, she was gracio

28、us enough to show us around her house specification : n. a detailed plan or set of descriptions or directions规格； 说明The designer drew up his specifications for the new car.With one omissionperfectly: Except for one thing (intelligenee) Polly had all the other requirements (beauty and grace).pin-up: (

29、American colloquialism) designating a girl whose sexual attractiveness makes her a subject for the kind of pictures often pinned up on walls.proportions : lines, shape of the bodysupply the lack: supply what is wanting.makings: the material or qualities n eeded for the making or developme nt of some

30、th ing素质； 必要 因素He has the makings of a good doctor./ The story has all the makings of a great movie.carriage: n. (sing) the manner of carrying oneself, bearing the manner of holding ones head, limbs, and body whe n sta nding or walk ing; physical posture 仪态； 体态Dancing can improve the carriage.舞蹈能增进体

31、态美。erectnessof carriage: a noun plus an“of” phrase helps to emphasize the noun“erectness”. So also “ease of bearing” and “best of breeding”.beari ng: n. the way a pers on holds his body or behaves; deportment 止； 姿势； 风度She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicat

32、ed the best of breeding.“ bearing” and “ carriage are synonymous同义词).“ Bearing” in comparison denotes manner of carrying or conducting oneself and refers to characteristic physical and mental posture. “Carriage” specifically stresses the physical aspects of a person.specialty of the house: the special dish which the restaurant or cafeteria sells pot roast: meat, usually a large cut of beef cooked in one piece by braising gravy : n. U the juice which comes out of meat as it coo