届甘肃省兰炼一中兰州市第五十八中学高三建标考试英语试题解析版.docx

1、届甘肃省兰炼一中兰州市第五十八中学高三建标考试英语试题解析版兰炼一中（58中）教育集团2021届高三建标考试英语试题第卷（共70分）第一部分： 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分 ）第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分 30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中, 选出最佳选项，并把答案填写在答题卡上相应的位置。AAs the leaves start to change color and the autumn air turns fresh, sometimes nothing is more appealing than the attractions of a go

2、od book. Here are four top picks for the best books.The Most Fun We Ever HadBy Claire Lombardo DoubledayDavid and Marilyn have been married forever. Four kids and decades later, they are still as in love as the day they met. Lombardo Paints an extraordinary picture of a family in what could well be

3、one of the best novels published this year.The Shadow KingBy Maaza MengisteW.W .Norton & CompanyA historical novel that takes place in the 1930s Ethiopia, the Shadow king focuses on the female soldiers who take up arms in World War II . In beautiful prose(叙述)， Mengiste shines a light on those whose

4、lives are not often noticed.Someone We KnowBy Shari LapenaPamela Dorman BooksA quiet suburban town is shaken by a series of break-ins and a body that turns up in the trunk of a car in this latest psychological thriller by the author of The Couple Next Door. Here are the crimes related ? And what doe

5、s the invader know?The Only Plane in the SkyBy Garrett M. GraffAvid Reader PressJournalist Graff put together an oral history of 9/11 from the perspective of nearly everyone involved.Every single line is breathtaking and heartbreaking, weaving together the history of previously- unimaginable and tra

6、gic events that changed history.1. Which of the following published the book about family life?A. Doubleday B. W.W .Norton & CompanyC. Pamela Dorman Books D. Avid Reader Press2. Who is the author of Thriller?A. Claire Lombardo B. Maaza Mengiste C. Shari Lapena D. Garrett M. Graff3. What is the book

7、The Only Plane in the Sky about?A. An imaginary tragic Story.B. A historical novel about soldiers.C. A journalist involved in 9/11 event.D. A collection of true stories in 9/11.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】本文是一篇应用文，向我们推荐了四本值得一读的书，包括作者、出版社和主要内容。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据The Most Fun We Ever Had部分的Doubleday 及“Lombardo P

8、aints an extraordinary picture of a family in what could well be one of the best novels published this year.”（伦巴多在今年出版的最好的小说之一中描绘了一个家庭的非凡画面）可知，Doubleday出版了一本关于家庭生活的书The Most Fun We Ever Had，故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Someone We Know部分的By Shari Lapena及“A quiet suburban town is shaken by a series of break-ins

9、and a body that turns up in the trunk of a car in this latest psychological thriller by the author of The Couple Next Door.”（在邻家夫妇的作者写的这部最新的心理惊悚小说中，一系列入室行窃和一具出现在一辆汽车后备箱中的尸体打破了一个郊区小镇的平静）可知，Shari Lapena写了一本惊悚小说，故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据The Only Plane in the Sky部分中的“Journalist Graff put together an oral histo

10、ry of 9/11 from the perspective of nearly everyone involved.”（记者格拉夫从几乎所有参与的人的角度整理了一段911事件的口述历史）可知，这本书是一部关于911事件的真实故事集，故选D。BAirports will soon add a new layer to their security procedures. Several airports in Europe will start giving lie detector tests to passengers. Special lie detector machines wil

11、l use artificial intelligence to test travellers.The lie detector machines are backed by a European Union project called iBorderCtrl. The first machines will be at border checkpoints in Hungary, Greece and Latvia. Airports in these countries will carry out tests on the lie detector machines this mon

12、th.Travelers from outside the EU countries will have to take the test. They will look into a webcam and answer questions from a computer-animated immigration official. The computer- produced animation will change to match the race and language of the traveler.A European Union spokesperson said the v

13、irtual border guard will scan passengers faces and analyze their micro expressions. They will use these expressions to find out if the passenger might be lying.A human security guard will take over if the lie-detecting software detects a security risk. The procedure will firstly divide passengers in

14、to two types. Low-risk travelers will be asked basic information in the lie-detection process while high-risk passengers will get more detailed questions. A psychology expert doubted if the system would work. He said, “If you ask people to lie, they will do it differently and show very different beh

15、avioral cues than if they truly lie.This is a known problem in psychology.”4. Where will you see this special lie detector machine?A At a border checkpoint in Italy B. At Greece airportsC. In iBorderCtrl offices. D. In Hungary security department5. What does the underlined word “backed” mean in Para

16、graph 2.A. supported B. produced C. Tested D. sold6. How does the lie detector machine work?A. By scanning passengers brain. B. By looking into a webcamC. By analyzing facial expressions. D. By distinguishing abnormal mood.7. Which word below can best describe the psychology experts attitude towards

17、 the lie detecting?A. indifferent B. supportive C. opposed D. skeptical【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种特殊的测谎仪，首批测谎仪将在匈牙利、希腊和拉脱维亚的边境检查站安装。作者介绍了其工作原理以及人们对它的看法。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first machines will be at border checkpoints in Hungary, Greece and Latvia.(首批机器将在匈牙利、希腊和拉脱维亚的边境检查站安装)”可知，你会

18、在希腊机场看到这种特殊的测谎仪。故选B。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“by a European Union project called iBorderCtrl”以及“The first machines will be at border checkpoints in Hungary, Greece and Latvia. Airports in these countries will carry out tests on the lie detector machines this month.(首批机器将在匈牙利、希腊和拉脱维亚的边境检查站安装。这些国家的机场本月将对测谎机

19、进行测试)”可知，这种测谎仪得到了欧盟一个名为iBorderCtrl的项目的支持。即划线词意思为“支持”。A. supported支持；B. produced产生；C. tested测试；D. sold出售。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“A European Union spokesperson said the virtual border guard will scan passengers faces and analyze their micro expressions. They will use these expressions to find out if the

20、 passenger might be lying.(一位欧盟发言人表示，这位虚拟边境警卫将扫描乘客的面部，分析他们的微表情。他们会根据这些表情来判断乘客是否在说谎)”可知，测谎仪是通过分析面部表情工作的。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A psychology expert doubted if the system would work.(一位心理学专家怀疑该系统是否有效)”可推知，这位心理学专家对测谎仪持怀疑态度。故选D。CThere is a lot of losing in sports. Only one team can win at a time, and on

21、ly one champion escapes the season without tears. But that doesnt stop Americans from spending nearly $56 billion a year on sporting events. Is fandom(运动迷) worth it?At first glance, the evidence isnt encouraging. Following a loss, fans are more likely than usual to eat unhealthy food, be unproductiv

22、e at work, and in the case of the Super Bowl-die from heart disease. What about fans of the winning team? Well, they are more likely than other fans to suffer a postgame traffic fatality(死亡) if the score is close.Rival(竞争的) fanstreatment of one another is hardly more encouraging. A recent study foun

23、d that fans experienced greater pleasure when watching a rival team fail. Fans in another study reported schadenfreude, a feeling of satisfaction, when reading about the injury of a rival teams player, and gluckschmerz or unhappiness when later reading about the players unexpectedly speedy recovery.

24、Yet a great deal of research shows that being a fan can also have positive effects. It can prevent depression and build a sense of belonging and self-worth-in case that the object of ones devotion is a local team. Much of this is due to social bonds among fans, but not all- sports worship also provi

25、des fans with a number of skills at dealing with lifes emotional challenges. A landmark 1976 study found that after a win,fans were more likely than usual to wear clothes connected with the winning teams, and to claim credit for the teams success by describing the team as “we” instead of “they” in c

26、onversation.Along with schadenfreude and gluckschmerz, being a fan seems more than anything else to be a matter of managing responses to things that cannot control. Sports fans tend to respond to reminders of death with optimism, and to remember victories much more clearly than defeats.8. Which of t

27、he following statement is especially true as for the winning sides fans?A. They might die from heart disease.B. They tend to live an unhealthy life.C. They can have good work efficiency.D. They might have a traffic accident.9. What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 3?A Rival fans usuall

28、y hold bad or even extreme attitude to each other.B. Rival fans often fight with each other.C. Fans can face their rival team bravely.D. Fans never lose heart when facing their rival team.10. What did the 1976 study show?A. Being a fan could show great devotion to study.B. Being a fan could create a

29、 sense of belonging.C. Being a fan could develop a spirit of optimism.D. Being a fan could test social bonds.11. What is the best title for the text?A. How to be a fanB. What its like to be fanC. Being a fan can be good for youD. A fans emotional challenges【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美

30、国的“运动迷”现象，以及成为“运动迷”对粉丝们自身的好处。【8题详解】细节理解题。由文章的第二段倒数第二行“Well, they are more likely than other fans to suffer a postgame traffic fatality ” (他们比其他球迷更有可能遭遇赛后交通事故)得知，D “比起其他的球迷他们更可能会发生赛后交通事故”为正确选项。A. 他们可能死于心脏病。B. 他们倾向于过不健康的生活。A, B都是失败一方会发生的事情。(由第二段第二句可知)。C. 他们在工作上表现得更好，文中没有提及，故选D。【9题详解】词句猜测题。本题问划线句子的意思，从

31、后面 “A recent study found that fans experienced greater pleasure when watching a rival team fail. Fans in another study reported schadenfreude, a feeling of satisfaction, when reading about the injury of a rival teams player, and gluckschmerz or unhappiness when later reading about the players unexpe

32、ctedly speedy recovery.” (最近的一项研究发现，球迷在观看对手的失败时会感受到更大的快乐。在另一项研究中，球迷们报告说，当看到对手球员受伤时，他们会感到幸灾乐祸，当看到对手球员意外迅速康复时，他们会感到不快。)可知，对手球迷通常对彼此持有恶劣甚至极端的态度。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。文章第四段 “A landmark 1976 study found that after a win, fans were more likely than usual to wear clothes connected to the winning team, and to claim credit for the teams success by describing the team as “we” instead of “they” in conversation” (1976年一项具有里程碑意义的研究发现，粉丝们更可能穿获胜队的衣服，在和别人对话描述团队的成绩时用“