英国文学史知识要点总结副本.doc

1、A Survey of British LiteratureI. Early and Medieval Literature (Unit 2) 1. three conquests2. the medieval period: 476 A. Dthe 15th century3. Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066): -oral traditions;-“Beowulf”: the national epic-Caedmon: the first known English religious poet4. Anglo-Norman Period (1066-15th

2、century):-Popularity of romancens;-Chaucer: the father of English poetry;-Ballads developed;5. “Beowulf” -longest; an epic; features (Pagan and Christian coloring; kenning; metaphor)6. Romance-Definition: It is a narrative verse of prose singing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. Romances ar

3、e popular in the medieval period.-“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”7. Geoffrey Chaucer -the father of English literature/poetry;-The Canterbury Tales: a double fiction; the Wife of Baths prologue; The Wife of Baths Tale; heroic couplet)8. Ballad: -Definition:A story told in song, usually in four lin

4、e stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.-Robin Hood Ballads. 9. Appreciation:-from “Beowulf”-from “The Canterbury Tales”我早期和中世纪文学（2单元）1。三征服2。中世纪时期：476d-the第十五世纪3。盎格鲁-撒克逊时期（449-1066）：口头传统；贝奥武夫”：民族史诗大：第一个已知的英国宗教诗人4。盎格鲁-萨克逊时期（1066-15th世纪）：romancens普及；乔叟：英国诗歌之父；发展民谣；5。贝奥武夫最长的史诗；特征（异教徒和基督教色彩；认识；

5、隐喻）6。浪漫定义：它是一个叙事诗的散文歌唱骑士的冒险经历或其他英雄事迹。恋情是流行在中世纪时期。“加文爵士与绿骑士”7。杰弗里乔叟英国文学之父/诗歌；坎特伯雷故事：一个双小说；巴斯太太的序幕；巴斯太太的故事英雄双韵体）；8。民谣：定义：讲述的故事，歌曲，通常在四行诗节，与第二和第四行押韵。知更鸟罩歌谣。9。欣赏的：从“贝奥武夫从“坎特伯雷故事集II. The Renaissance (Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 5,Unit 6)1. three discoveries2. Renaissance-a thristing curiosity for classical lite

6、rature;-a keen interest in life and human activities.3. Humanism-individualism; the joy of the present life; reason; the affirmation of self-worth-Humanism emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the uni

7、verse and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.4. Sonnet: -Definition: It is a poem of 14 lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure; it expresses a single idea or theme. (Thomas Wy

8、att first introduced it to England)5. Shakespearean sonnet: -Definition: A Shakespearean sonnet consists of three four-linestanzas(calledquatrains) and a finalcoupletcomposed iniambic pentameter with the rhymeschemeabab cdcd efef gg.6. Blank verse: having a regular meter, but no rhyme. (Henry Howard

9、, Earl of Surrey)7. Spenserian stanza: -Definition: Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single Alexandrine line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is ababbcbcc. 8. Appreciation:-Edmund Spenser and “The Faerie Queene”(written in b

10、lank verse)-Thomas More and “Utopia”-Christopher Marlowes Dr. Faustus (Appreication); Tamburlaine;The Jew of Malta; The Passionate Shepherd to His Love;-Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare (“Shall I Compare Thee to a Summers Day”): time, mortality, immortality9. The first English essayist: Francis Bacon (“Of S

11、tudies”)10. Elizabethan theatrethe golden age of English drama;11. Shakespearean comedies: As You Like It; The Merchant of Venice; A Midsummer Nights Dream; Much Ado About Nothing; Twelfth Night12. Shakespearean tragedies: Macbeth; King Lear; Hamlet; Othello13. Shakespearean comedies:-Features: clow

12、ns, servants, jesters, fools; dramatic irony; mistaken identity, cross-dressing;-Patterns: The Green World Pattern (Sample: A Mid-summer Nights Dream)19. Shakespearean tragedies: -Features: characters; structure; soliloquy; traveling; the role of fate/chance20. Appreciation: -“To be, or not to be” (

13、from Hamlet) (Hamlets dilemma)-“Tommorrow, tomorrow,” (from Macbeth) (Mabeth is tired of the world; bored with life; metaphors:) 。文艺复兴时期（3单元，4单元，5单元，6单元）三发现1。文艺复兴时期的2。一个thristing好奇心古典文学；一个热衷于生活和人类活动。3人本主义。个人主义；欢乐的生命之本；原因；肯定自我价值人本主义强调人的尊严的重要性和目前的生活。人文主义者表示他们的信仰，人是宇宙的中心，人类不仅有权享受美丽的生活，但有能力去完善自己，创造奇迹。4首

14、十四行诗：定义：它是14行诗，有严格的韵律和具体的结构；它表示一个单一的观念或主题。（托马斯怀亚特首先介绍到英国）5。莎士比亚的十四行诗：定义：莎士比亚的十四行诗由三行诗节（称为绝句）和最后对联中的五音步抑扬格的韵是由光盘。6。无韵诗：经常有一个表，但没有韵。（霍华德，萨里伯爵）7。斯宾塞诗节：定义：每节包含九行共八行抑扬格五音步其次是一个单一的“同上”线六步抑扬格写成的。这些线的韵律是“ababbcbcc。”8赞赏：埃德蒙斯宾塞和“仙后”（写在空白的诗）托马斯更多的“乌托邦”克里斯托弗马洛的浮士德博士（appreication）；帖木儿；马耳他的犹太人；热情的牧人对他的爱人；莎士比亚十四行诗

15、18（“我可否将你比作一个夏日的一天”）：时间，死亡率，不朽9。第一个英国散文家：弗兰西斯（“研究”）10theatre-the。伊丽莎白时代英国戏剧的黄金时代；11：莎士比亚喜剧。你喜欢它；威尼斯商人；仲夏夜之梦；无事生非；第十二夜12。莎士比亚悲剧：麦克白；王李尔；奥瑟罗哈姆雷特；13。莎士比亚喜剧：特点：小丑，小丑，傻瓜；仆人，戏剧性反讽；错误的身份，变装；模式：绿色世界格局（样本：仲夏夜之梦）19。莎士比亚悲剧：特点：特征；结构；独白；旅游；命运的作用/机会20。欣赏的：“是，或不是”（哈姆雷特）（哈姆雷特困境）“明天，明天，”（从麦克白）（克贝斯是世界之累；无聊的生活；隐喻：）III

16、. The Period of Revolution and Restoration (the 17th century) (Unit 7)1. 17th: the beginning of modern England;2. Cavalier poets: -Reflected the royalist values;-Themes: beauty, love, loyalty, morality;-Style: Direct, short, frankly erotic-Motto: “Carpe Diem” “Seize the Day” -Robert Herrick, Ben Joh

17、nson, Rochard Lovelace, etc;-Appreciation: “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” (Herrick; “to seize the day”) 3. Metaphysical school:-the founder of the Metaphysical school: John Donne-conceit: an extended metahpor involving dramatic contrasts or far-fetched comparisons;-John Donnes love poems: “T

18、he Flea”; “Valediction: Forbidden Mourning” (Appreciation)-Andrew Marvell: “To His Coy Mistress”4. Puritan writers:-John Bunyanh: “The Pilgrims Progress” (a religious allegory)-John Milton: “Paradise Lost” (based on The Old Testament) (Paradise Regained”; “Samson Agonistes”) (Appreciation)IV. The 18

19、th Century LiteratureThe Age of Enlightenment (Unit 8 and Unit 9)1. 18th century: the golden age of English novels2. Enlightenment-an intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century;-Reason as the guiding principle for thinking and action;-the belief in eternal truth, eternal justice, natural eq

20、uality ;-a continuation of Renaissance; (Belief in the possibility of human perfection through education).3. Neo-classicism: -A revival of classical standards of order, harmony, balance, simplicity and restrainedemotion in literature in the 18th century.-Alexander Pope4. “Essay on Criticism” by Alex

21、ander Pope-a manifesto of neoclassicism;-Appreciation: “A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing” (learning as mountain climbing; inadequate learning may impair a balanced apprecation of a poem).5. Realistic novels: -Jonathan Swift; Gullivers Travels; A Modest Proposal; A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of

22、the Books;-Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe;(Appreciation) -Henry Fielding: Tom Jones; Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wilde the Great;6. Sentimentalism-the middle and later decades of the 18th c.;-definition: passion over reason, personal instincts over social duties; the return of the patriarchal times; lam

23、enting over the destructive effects of industrialization-Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Gray, etc.7. The Graveyard School-subjects, style;-Thomas Grays “Elegy written in a country churchyard”: structure; theme; (Appreciation)8. Pre-romanticism:-the latter half ot the 18th century;-Robert Burns: “Auld Lyne

24、 Syne”; “A Red, Red Rose”-William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” “Songs of Experience”; “The Lamb”, “The Tyger”; 9. Richard Bringsley Sheridan: The School for Scandal; The Rivals;10. Oliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of Wakefield; She Stoops to ConquerV. The Romantic Period (1789-1832) (Unit 10 , Unit 11 and

25、 Unit 12)1. The Romantic period: an age of poetry2. Romanticism:-Manifesto of British Romanticism: Lyrical Ballads: co-published by Wordsworth and Coleridge-Features: individual as the center of all life and experience; from the outer world to the inner world; Passion; imagination ; Nature; pastoral

26、; past ; Individual freedom; simple and spontaneous expression; symbolic presentations; fantastic elements;3. English Romantic Poets-Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey-The Satanic Poets: Byron; Shelley; Keats-Lyrical Ballads: the manifesto of the English Movement;4. William Wordsworth-“a wor

27、shipper of nature”;-nature and country poems: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “The World is Too Much with us”; “Tintern Abbey”; “To a Butterfly” “The Solitary Reaper”; “Lucy Poems”;-theories on poetry; “Poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its orgin from emotion recollec

28、ted in tranquility.”-Wordsworths view of nature: critique of materialism; a source of mental cleanliness; the guardian of the heart; the beneficial influence of nature;-Appreciation: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “Tintern Abbey”; 5. Samuel Taylor Coleridge:“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”6. Geo

29、rge Gordon Byron: -Byronic Hero: an idealised but flawedanti-hero created by Byron; love of freedom, hatred of tyranny, passionate, rebellious, chivalrous, arrogant, cynical, individualistic, isolated, single-handedly, melancholy -major poems by Byron: “Childe Harolds Pilgrimage” (Byronic Hero); “Do

30、n Juan”; “She Walks in Beauty”; “The Isles of Greece” (Appreciation)7. Percy Bysshe Shelley: -Platos influence; pantheism -“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to the West Wind” “Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to a Skylark”; “Queen Mab”; “A Defense of Poetry”; - Appreciation : “Ode to the West Wind”: themes of dea

31、th and rebirth; destruction and regeneration;8. John Keats- “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “Ode to Autumn”; “Endymion”; “Isabella” -Appreciation: “Ode on a Greican Urn”: the powers and limitations of art 三、革命时期和恢复（第十七世纪）（7单元）1。第十七：开始现代英国；2骑士派诗人：价值体现；主题：美，爱，忠诚，道德；风格：直，短，坦白色情格言：“及时行乐”“只争朝夕”罗伯特赫里克，本约翰逊，罗德洛夫莱斯，等；欣赏：“处女，使大部分时间”（赫里克；“只争朝夕”）3玄：创办的学校：