英语三大从句常考点.ppt

1、三大从句名词性从句名词性从句一一.相关概念相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的充当的主主语语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由，由一个句子来充当一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句名词性从句。1.When we will startis not clear.2.Mrs Black wont believe that her son h

2、as become a thief.3.My idea isthat we should do it now.4.I had no ideathat you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句二二.名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类1.1.连接词：连接词：that,whether,ifthat,whether,if （引导从句，不作成分；（引导从句，不作成分；thatthat无义，无义，whether/if“whether/if“是否是否”）2.2.连接代词：连接代词：whowho(whomwhom),),what,which,w

3、hat,which,whose whose whoever(whomever),whatever,whichever whoever(whomever),whatever,whichever (作主语作主语/宾语宾语/表语表语/定语定语)3.3.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how（作状语）（作状语）三三.连接词连接词,连接代词连接代词,连接副词连接副词1.That he said nothing surprised everybody present.（that 引导主语从句，引导主语从句，不作成分不作成分，常用常用it it作形式主语

4、作形式主语）It suprised everybody present that he said nothing.2 2.What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.(what引导主从，并引导主从，并在从句作在从句作said的的宾语宾语)3.3.The problem is whether we finish the task on time.（whether引导表从引导表从，不作成分，表示不作成分，表示“是否是否”）4.4.Where he lived is unknown to us.（where引导主从引导主从，作作li

5、ve的的状语状语）考点考点1 1.thatthat与与whatwhatWhatwecantgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.Thatanewteacherwillcometoourschoolistrue.小结：小结：that只只引导从句引导从句，无实无实义，不充当成分义，不充当成分what既既引导从句引导从句，又要在从句中又要在从句中充当充当成分（成分（主语主语/宾语宾语/表语）表语）1._Chinahasalargepopulationisknowntousall.2._isknowntousallis_Chinahasalargepopulation.3._isk

6、nowntousallthatChinahasalargepopulation.4._isknowntousall,Chinahasalargepopulation.比较句比较句2，句，句3和句和句4thatWhat ThatItAs1）_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2)_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter高考题选萃高考题选萃考点考点2.2.用用if if/whetherwhether填

7、空填空1.Idontknow_Illbefreetomorrow.2.Idontknow_ornotIllbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_thisbookisworthwriting.4.Ihavenoidea _hewillcomeornot.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether5.Itdependson_wewillhaveenoughmoney.6._theycandoitmatterslittletous.7.Theyhavediscussedforhours_theywillholdthemeeting.8.Ithasnotbe

8、endecided_togo.whetherWhetherwhetherwhether小结：只用小结：只用whetherwhether引导从句的引导从句的情况情况主从主从位句首；位句首；表表语语从从句；句；同同位语从句；位语从句；介词后面的宾从介词后面的宾从；后面紧跟后面紧跟ornot；作作discuss的宾语从句；的宾语从句；后面有后面有todo不定式不定式考点考点3.3.whoever/whatever/whicheverwhoever/whatever/whichever/what/who/what/who引导引导名词性从句名词性从句1._wassaidheremustbekeptsec

9、ret.2.Shewouldliketomakefriendswith_sharesherinterest.3.Youmaychoose_youdliketogowith.4.Take_seatyoulikeintheclassroom.5._weneedismoretime.6._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.WhateverwhicheverWhowhoeverWhatwhoever/whomever小结小结vwhoever=whoever=anyone whoanyone who“任何任何的的人人”vwhatever=whateve

10、r=anything thatanything that“任何任何的的物物”vwhichever=whichever=anythatanythat 任何任何的的人或物人或物”（已知范围内的或上文提到过的（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）1.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.=Anythingthatwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2.Shewouldliketomakefriendswithwhoeversharesherinterest.=Shewouldliketomakefriendswithanyonewhosharesheri

11、nterest.3.Takewhicheverseatintheclassroomyoulike.=Takeanyseatintheclassroomthatyoulike.1._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever高考题选萃高考题选萃2.It is generally consideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever1.Itisclear/necessary/ce

12、rtain/truethatItisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that(should)+do2.Itisapity/ashame/anhonorthat3.Itiswellknown/reported/thought/saidthatItis（建议建议/要求要求/坚持坚持/命令命令）suggested/requested/insisted/ordered+that(should)+do考点考点 4.4.it it作形式主语作形式主语,形式宾语形式宾语it作形式主作形式主语语it作形式宾语作形式宾语“6123”结构结构find/feel/make/t

13、hink/consider/believe/+it+adj/n.+that/todo/doingIthinkitnecessarythatwetakeexerciseeveryday./totakeexerciseeveryday.Ifinditnousearguingwithhim.1.Ivegottomakeclearthathetoldalie.2.他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他.Hefound_3.我认为我们保持冷静很重要我认为我们保持冷静很重要.Ithink_.itdifficulttomakehimselfunderstood.ititimportantthatwes

14、houldkeepcalm考点考点5.5.主语是主语是the reasonthe reason，引导表从用，引导表从用thatthatvThereasonwhy.isthat.vThis/It/Thatisbecause.(原因)vThis/It/Thatiswhy.（结果）今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisbecausethattherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.2.Thereasonwhyhewaslatethismorningisthatthere

15、wasalotoftrafficontheroad.3.Hewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecausetherewasalotoftrafficontheroad.(原因)4.Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.Thatwaswhyhewaslatethismorning.（结果）考点考点6.that6.that引导同从和定从的区别引导同从和定从的区别1.thatthat引导引导同位语从同位语从句句在在抽象名词抽象名词后面后面,说明或解释说明或解释该该名词名词的内容的内容.that that引导的限制性引导的限制性定语从句定语从句是是修饰或限制

16、修饰或限制前面名词的。前面名词的。2.that2.that引导引导同位语从句同位语从句中成分完整，中成分完整，that that只引导从句，只引导从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略。不作任何成分，但不可省略。that that引导引导定语从句定语从句中成分残缺，中成分残缺，that that引导从句，并在句中作引导从句，并在句中作主语、宾语、表语。主语、宾语、表语。当当thatthat在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。1.Thesuggestionthat he should not go thereisofgreatvalue.2.Thesuggestion（that）he

17、 madeisofgreatvalue.3.Thefactthat he won the first placecantbedenied.4.Thefact（that）he told meexcitedme.（thatthat在在定语从句中作定语从句中作toldtold的宾语，可以省略）的宾语，可以省略）定语性从句定语性从句相关概念：l1.1.限制性定语从句：是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。Eg:I was the only person who was invited in my office.l非限制性定

18、语从句：和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Eg:That is Mr.Wang,whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.考点一考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代

19、词）。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代词）。Iwillneverforgetthedays(_Istayedwithyou).when_JurassicParkisaboutapark_(averyrichmankeepsdifferentKindsofdinosaurs)._where1958wastheyear_(Spielbergmadehisfirstrealfilm)._Pleasegivemethereason_(youmadesuchagreatsuccess)._whenwhyMorningisthebesttime_(youpractisereadingaloud).

20、_whenDoyourememberthelake_(youfirstmetyourgirlfriend.）_where2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse_(thegreatwriterusedtolive)._wherein whichThehouse_(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake.whichthat/_ _Luc

21、kilynoneofthepeople_(Iknow)werekilledintheearthquake.whowhomthat/_ _Myfatherwasbornintheyear_(theSecondWorldWarbrokeout)._inwhichwhen3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunmingisabeautifulplace_(flowersareseenalltheyearround).whereOctober1stistheday_(newChinawasfounded).whenTh

22、ewindow(_wasopenedthismorning)hasbeenbroken.WhichthatThemeeting(_willbeheldnextweek)isveryimportant.Whichthat考点二：考点二：thatthat和和whichwhich的选择的选择 (1)that(1)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况互换，但在下列情况引导词只用引导词只用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everythin

23、g,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.c.Thereislittle(that)theenemycandobesidessurrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时：Ivereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。Thisisthebestbook(that)Iveeverr

24、ead.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。Thatwhitefloweristheonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttofind.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定的先行词时，这个定语从句要用语从句要用thatthat而不用而不用who(whom)who(whom)和

25、和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools（that）hehadvisited.先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who,which,what时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that而不用而不用who,(whom)和和which引导。引导。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?Whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis?Whatthatisonthetablebelongstome?当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句中作表语

26、时：Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.WhichWhich可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句，可用于，可用于介词介词后，其后，其先行词可是一个词先行词可是一个词,也可是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。1Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Theweatherturnedouttobegood,_wasmorethanw

27、ecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it（2 2 2 2）只用）只用）只用）只用whichwhichwhichwhich的情况的情况的情况的情况 B B 考点三：考点三：asas与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用也可以用which.Hefailedtotheexam,as(=which)isnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as(=which)infactsheis.Grammarisnotadeadrule,whi

28、ch(=as)Ihavesaidbefore.2 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用、如果从句在主句前，这时要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich引导引导 定语从句。如：定语从句。如：Asweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthewar.Asweallknow,theearthisround.3.用于用于thesameas,suchas，asas,soas中，中，一般用一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有代表

29、前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有没有此意思，从句中的动词常是此意思，从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。等。Hewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.Thepolicewerelookingforhim,ashethought.Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如如beknown，besaid，be

30、reported等，如从句中行为等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.Shehasbeenlateagain,aswasexpected.Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmadeushappy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用结果，则用which.a.Hecheatedhisfriendofmachmoney,whichwasverydisgraceful.b.Hecamebacklate,whichmadehismotherw

31、orried.考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.CanyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsaboutwhichImsure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949wastheyearinwhich

32、theP.R.C.wasfounded.4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用用“数词数词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构，如：的结构，如：e.g.Thereare50studentsinourclass,two-thirdsofwhomhavebeentoBeijing.5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothe

33、south.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。词之后。eg.1.Iwontforgetthedatewhen(onwhich)Iwasborn.2.Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin.3.Idontknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)hehaventcometoday.4.Tomstillremembe