考研英语写作必背素材.docx

1、考研英语写作必背素材第二部分 精选必背作文素材第一节：九大原则词汇一、金钱原则词汇资产 asset v. 浪费 be extravagant预算 budget n.消费品 consumer goods贵重的 costly a. 存钱 deposit vt.经济负担 economic burden经济困难 economic difficulty花费 expend vt.奢侈的 extravagant a. 资助 finance n. 接受某人的资助经济资助 finance aid 给某人经济资助资金紧张 finance strain 某部门资金紧张政府税收 government revenue

2、医疗保健 healthcare 政府的医疗保健无家可归 homeless饥饿 hunger n.收入 income n.保险 insurance n. 投资 invest v. 失业者 jobless n.下岗工人 laid-off worker滥用 lavish v. 有限的公共资金 limited public funds赚钱的 lucrative a. 豪华的 luxurious a. 挥霍 money-consuming a.拜金主义的 money-oriented a.必需品 necessity n.贫困的 needy a.透支 overdraft v. 抵押 pawn v. 财产

3、property 节约紧缩开支 retrench vi. 赢利的 profitable a. 津贴 subsidize v. 纳税人 taxpayer福利 welfare二、健康原则词汇有氧运动 aerobic exercise平衡饮食 balanced diet 有害健康的 be physically damaging过于肥胖的 bloated致癌的 cancer-causing 食肉类的 carnivorous adj 慢性的 chronic 方便食品 convenience food治愈 cure头昏眼花的 dizzy 危及 endanger vt精力充沛的 energetic adj.

4、 传染病 epidemics根除 eradicate vt.使恶化 exasperate vt.过量摄入 excessive intake排气 exhaust疲劳 fatigue n.高脂肪高热量 high fat and calorie免疫的 immune绝症 incurable disease消化不良 indigestion懒惰的 indolent adj.传染病 infectious disease失眠症 insomnia n. 垃圾食品 junk food 慢跑 jog预期寿命 life expectancy减肥 lose weight疾病 malady营养不良 malnutritio

5、n医学的 medical 近视 near-sighted 营养品 nourishment n. 器官移植 organ transplant超重 overweight预防 prevention治疗 treatment 肿瘤 tumor提供营养 nourish卡路里 calorie 饥饿 starvation 营养不良 malnutrition三、智力原则词汇表达能力 ability of expression洞察力 acumen熟练的 adept赏识 appreciate vt.评价 assessment n. 智力 brains n 发挥才干 bring into the talents证书

6、certificate n. 创造性的 creative adj 培养 cultivate vt.识别力 discernment n. 天资 endowment n. 开发 explore vt.幻想的 fantastic adj.理想主义 idealism n. 个性 individuality n.天赋 inherence n. 本能的 instinctive adj. 智商 intelligence quotient 有文化 literacy掌握 master vt.值得称赞的品质 merit n.激情 passion n.观点 perspective n. 充分发挥 put into

7、great play 素质教育 quality education 荒谬的 ridiculous adj.生存能力 survival ability依赖科技的 technology-dependent adj.远程教育 tele-education n. 思维模式 thinking pattern智慧 wit n. 四、文化原则词汇传统与现代巧妙结合 a clever blend of traditional and modern同一的世界文化 a homogenous world culture归属感 a sense of belonging土著文化 aboriginal culture吸取

8、精华 absorb the quintessence吸收 absorb美学价值 aesthetic祖先 ancestor古代的 ancient人类学家 anthropologists 陈旧观念 antiquated idea艺术价值 artistic value同化 assimilate vt.丰富的 be abundant adj.传递 be passed down 灿烂光辉的文化 brilliant and gorgeous culture发扬光大 carry forward 著名的 celebrated 特有的 characteristic adj文明的 civilized adj.凝聚

9、力 cohesion n.文化摇篮 cradle of culture培养 cultivate vt.文化习惯 cultural habit文化遗产 cultural heritage文化特性 cultural identity 文化古迹 cultural objects and historic relics文化、精神和学术生活 cultural, spiritual, and intellectual life狂热的崇拜 cult n.破坏 devastate vt.知识的传播 diffusion n.多样性 diversity n.民族文化特色 ethnic and cultural i

10、dentity节日气氛 festivity n.民间艺术 folk art文化全球一体化 globalization of culture博大精深 great and profound手工艺 handicraft n.历史文物 historic relics文盲 illiteracy不朽的 immortal adj.正流行 in vogue根深蒂固的看法 ingrain notion继承 inherit n.有意义的 instructive adj.少数民族 minority n.民族特性 national identity民族自豪感 national pride思想开放 open-minde

11、d adj.不流行了的 out of fashion外来影响 outside influence通俗的 popular adj.宝贵的 precious adj.取其精华去其糟粕 reject the dross and assimilate the essence表现、象征 represent vt.保护 retention n.社会学 sociology n.壮丽的 splendid adj.时髦的 stylish adj.表面的 superficial adj.传统文化教育 traditional cultural education 以为骄傲 take pride in种族传统 tri

12、bal traditions多样性 variety n.五、道德原则词汇虐待 abuse,好斗的 aggressive adj.自私自利的人 an egocentric person易受社会恶习的侵蚀 be prone to social ills 虐待儿童 child abuse家庭暴力 domestic violence有深远的影响 have a tremendous impact无知 ignorance不成熟的 immature adj.干涉 intervention n.青少年的 juvenile adj.松散的纪律 lax discipline引入歧途的 misleading adj

13、.天真的 naive负面的影响 negative role model不恰当的材料 offensive material家长的过分宽容 parental permissiveness 犯罪 perpetrate不正当的 perverted adj.恰当的指引 proper guidance 合理化 rationalization抵挡住诱惑 resist the temptation危险的行为 risky behaviors行为榜样 role model单亲家庭 single-parent family 宠坏的 spoiled adj.密切家庭感情 strengthening the famil

14、y ties把虚幻当现实 take fantasy for reality 抚养 upbringing受害者 victim n. 粗俗的 vulgar adj.扫除文盲 wipe out illiteracy六、感情原则词汇充满深情的 affectionate adj.忧虑 anxiety n.孤独 apartness n,愉快的 cheerful adj.性格相似的 congenial adj.令人绝望的 desperate adj.缺乏自信的 diffident adj.行为古怪的人 eccentric adj.情绪 emotion n.热情 enthusiasm n.忠实的 faithf

15、ul adj.鼓励 foster vt.友好的 friendly adj.失败的 frustrated隔阂 gap n.和谐的 harmonious adj.怀有希望的 hopeful adj.忽视 ignore vt.虐待 ill-treat vt.自卑的 inferior adj.内向的 introverted adj.误会 misunderstanding n.乐观者 optimist n.悲观的 pessimistic adj.反叛的 rebellious adj.浪漫的 romantic adj.诚挚 sincerity n.紧张的 strained adj.充耳不闻 turn a

16、deaf ear不爱交际的 unsociable adj.热心的 warm-hearted adj.忧虑 worry n.七、权利原则词汇指责 accuse vt.禁止 ban vt./n.公然侵犯 brazen encroachment公正的 candid adj.集体主义 collectivism n.秘密的 confidential adj.消费者协会 consumers association版权 copyright n.视为权利 demand as ones due确立 establishment n.被迫 force vt.合理的 legality adj.限制 limit n./

17、vt.压力 pressure n.隐私 privacy n.正直的 righteous adj.性别歧视 sexual discriminations社会保障制度 social security 强制的 compulsory adj.八、时间原则词汇浪费时间 a great waste of time效率 efficiency n.沉湎于 indulge in沉迷于 be obsessed with消磨时光 pass time自控 self-control n.自律 self-discipline挤时间 squeeze time占用take up上瘾 be addicted to九、环保原则词

18、汇大气污染 atmospheric pollution被耗尽 be exhausted美化 beautification n.污秽的 begrimed adj.化学物质 chemical substances条件 condition n.保护 conserve vt.沙漠化 desertification使恶化 deteriorate vt.灭绝 die out n.一次性产品 disposable products持久的,耐用的 durable adj.生态平衡 ecological balance生态系统 ecological system排放 emit vt.濒临灭绝的物种 endang

19、ered species能源短缺 energy shortage环保的 environmentalist n.使加剧 exacerbate vt.风景 landscape n.城市垃圾 municipal refuse城市污水 municipal sewage噪声污染 noise pollution尽可能改善工作环境 optimize the environment农药 pesticide有毒的 poisonous污染物 pollutant n.毁灭 ruin v. 水土流失 soil erosion土壤污染 soil pollution废气 waste gas废水 waste water水体

20、污染 water body pollution使变得更坏 worsen v. 第二节：生活话题分类词汇一、图表写作常用词汇表格图 table ；图表 chart；diagram graph column 描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent数字 figure; 数据 statistic; 百分比 percentage; 比 例 proportion一般 have 10%; at 20%; over 40% 在面积上 in area最高 peaks; reached a peak/high point最低 bottomed out; r

21、eached the bottom变化 increase; jump; rise; climb; decrease; fall; drop; decline; reduce; fluctuate; remain; steady; stable; stay; same程 度 sudden/suddenly; rapid/rapidly; dramatic/dramatically; significant/significantly;sharp/sharply; steep/steeply; gradual/gradually; slow/slowly; slight/slightly; sta

22、ble/stably; almost; nearly; approximately; exactly; precisely；increase by /decrease by (写出变化幅度) 合计 200 美元 add up to $200 总数达：add up to占世界总人数的 20% make up 20% of从增加到 rose/grew/climbed fromto增加到 grew up to 增至最高峰：Rise to a high of减少到 decrease to 跌至最低谷：drop to a low of大幅度增长 increase sharply 飞速：rapidly；s

23、harply；steeply高居榜首 Top the list/head the chart饼状图/圆形图（pie chart） 稳固下降 steady decline由组成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of占 44%比例：account for /make up 44 percent位居第一：rank the first 仅次于 is second to居第二位：in second spot 倒数第一 is the last one 第二大部份 rank the second/the second largest section 与.相比：co

24、mpared withA 与 B 成比例 A be in proportion to B 差不多：About/around/roughly 多达 as many as正好：Exactly/precisely 水平 level off递增：on the rise/increase/grow/rise/climb/go up急剧上升: grow sharply; 递减：on the decline/decrease/fall/reduce/go down 曲线图（graph/chart/diagram）柱状图（bar chart）增加：increase/grow/rise/climb/go up减

25、少：decrease/decline/fall/reduce/go down 剧烈/显著/大幅度: sharply /dramatically/significantly / rapidly/considerably / enormously/ profoundly/substantially平稳/逐渐：steadily / gradually / slightly 持续上升/下降：on an increase / on the decline保持不变：remain stable / remain steady / remain unchanged上升后变得平稳：reach a plateau

26、 达到顶点/低谷：reach the top/peak / fall to the bottom波动： fluctuate /rise and fall 达到了：reach / approach / add up to / amount to / increase to /decrease to某年发生的变化:1998 saw/ witnessed a sharp increase in.是 1998年的2倍：was twice as many as that in 1998从图表上看：From these graphs 得到结论：draw a conclusion 二、关于生活体验等（常考，

27、特别重要）1. 产品科技含量 technological element of product2. 大学生创业 university students innovative undertaking 3. 双赢局面 win-win situation4. 首创精神 pioneering spirit5. 振兴中华 make China powerful and strong;6. 富裕 affluence7. 繁荣 boom8. 购买力 buying power9. 竞争 competition 10. 生活费用 cost of living11. 解决问题 crack the nuts12.

28、大家公认 it is universally acknowledged that13. 全力以赴 bring ones talent into full play 14. 适应新的形势变化 adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change15. 获得成功 achieve/accomplish success16. 提出观点 advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas17. 较好地驾驭生活 be a better pilot of ones life 18. 对很好的了解 h

29、ave a better understanding of19. 把某种因素考虑进去 take sth. into account/consideration;20. give much thought to 21. 品味人生/自由/青春 savor the life/freedom/youth22. 交流经验 share experience/ideas/problems/knowledge23. 发挥,起到积极作用 play an important/active/great role/part24. 面临困难危险 be confronted with danger/difficulty;

30、 in theface of25. 阻碍了成功 stand in the way of success; be an obstacle/barrier to26. 缩小差别 narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)27. 把成功/错误归因于 attribute/owe ones success/failure to28. 对重要 be vital/important/indispensable to29. 施加压力 exert/put pressure on30. 重视 attach/assign much importance/significance to31. 把注意力集中在 focus/concentrate ones attention/efforts upon32. 抓住机会 grab/s