中考初中语法讲解定语从句.docx

1、中考初中语法讲解定语从句中考初中语法讲解-定语从句1、定语从句练习：把下面句子合并1.I love Iron Man.He likes to help people.I love Iron Man who likes to help people._2.I love the dog.It wears a pair of glasses.I love the dog which wears a pair of glasses._分析：先行词：被修饰的名词或代词（Iron Man，the dog）关系词：连接两个句子并代替先行词在从句中担当句子成分 （who代替Iron Man在从句中做主语；th

2、e dog同）从句：修饰先行词定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语 定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用的表示。主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman

3、. 2) You must do everything that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分练习：把下面句子合并1.I love Iron Man.He likes to help people.I love Iron Man who likes to help people._2.I love th

4、e dog.It wears a pair of glasses.I love the dog which wears a pair of glasses._一关系代词引导的定语从句1）先行词是人：whowhom that ( 区分：who可做主语和宾语，whom只能做宾语) Is he the man wants to see you? He is the man I saw yesterday. Yesterday I helped an old man lost his wayMr. Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.2）先行词是

5、事物：whichthat3)whose 用来指人或物（,若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： 我认识那个车被偷的男人。_ 请递给我那本绿色封面的书。_二关系副词引导的定语从句1）when, where, why “介词+ which” when=on/in/atwhich Istillremembertheday_IjoinedtheParty.。 I wont forget the day_ I spent with you .2）where=in/onwhichBeijing is the place _ I was born.Icanseethedesk_ thereisab

6、ook.这是我去年参观过的山村_当point,situation，conditions等词作先行词表抽象的地点,其后常由where引导Canyouthinkoutasituation_thiswordcanbeused? Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepoint_nobodycancureher.3）why=forwhichIs this the reason_he refused our help?没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。_三、that 的用法1）不用that的情况：介词后不能用2）只能用that的情况a在there be 句型中商店里有一个我喜欢的玩具。_ b.

7、在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词你在商店里有什么东西要买吗_所需的只是时间问题。_C先行词有the only, the very ，the same， the last修饰时。他是唯一解得出这道题的学生。_d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时。他是第一个通过考试的人。_她是我们班最高的女生。_e. 先行词既有人，又有物时。我能清楚记得我所见到的人和一些照片。_d. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复 Who is the girl_ is crying？练习(一)请分析一下

8、定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.Check the ways you study for an English test. 2.Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3.You couldnt understand people who talked fast. 4.I have some ideas that may help. 5.They said something you didnt like. 6.Can you think of any problems you have ha

9、d recently?8.He would always take pride in everything good I do. 二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1.This is the man _ wants to see you.2.The student _ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man _ you went to see has come.4.The man _I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _ you saw is

10、 our geography teacher.6.Is there anyone _ family is in Beijing?7.Show me the boy _ mother is a well-known singer.8.The boy_ father is a teacher is good at English.一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1阅读理解 When faced with difficult situations in their lives, many people find them too challenging and give up, especially o

11、n their life dreams. But not for Gabriel Heredia. Gabrrel is a 21-year-old Argentinean barber（阿根廷理发师）who was born without hands. But he was able to grow up happy and independent because he always had the support of friends and family. In fact, his inspiration for such work was his mother, who is a h

12、airdresser. At the age of 14, he began to take interest in her work and learned all kinds of hair cutting skills from her. Although he first saw it as an interest, Gabriel quickly decided that this was his dream job. Gabriels family soon helped him open his first barbershop in San Isidro, Peru, whic

13、h he worked at for one and a half years. There, he met Zlatan Gomez, the president of Argentina Corta, an organization for barbers to connect, do charity (慈善) work, and teach hairdressing. Later, Gabriel became part of Argentina Corta, offering his services to people of all ages so they can build up

14、 the skills they need to get a job. Gabriel then moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina where he cuts hair today. As a bright and caring young man, Gabriel tries hard to not only be a barber, but also make a connection with the neighborhood. He says, The thing that I like the most about my job is that peo

15、ple feel comfortable and stylish with my cuts and that makes me feel happy. Gabriel always does his best to be independent. He never gives up. There is nothing he cant do. Besides cutting hair, he has learned to ride a bike, a motorbike and even to drive a car. He is no doubt inspiring others. （1）Wh

16、en Gabriel was born, what made him different from others? A.He was born without hands.B.His special haircut.C.His life dream.D.His happiness and independence.（2）At first, Gabriel Heredia learned hair cutting skills _. A.from Zlatan GomezB.from his motherC.from his friendsD.by himself（3）Which of the

17、following statements about Gabriel Heredia is NOT true? A.He tries hard to make a connection with the neighborhood.B.He can not only cut hair but also drive a car.C.He joined Argentina Corta and taught others hair cutting skills in San Isidro.D.He opened his first barbershop in Buenos Aires with the

18、 help of his family.（4）What does Gabriels story mainly tell us? A.A good beginning makes a good ending.B.Youre never too old to learn.C.Nothing is impossible if you dont give up.D.Education changes life.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】文章大意：很多人在面对困难时会选择放弃，但是加布里埃尔赫雷迪亚没有放弃，他是一个理发师，生下来就没有双手，但是能够独立的成长，在家人的

19、鼓励和支持下，实现了自己的梦想，后来帮搬到了阿根廷首都，布宜诺斯艾利斯，继续在那里理发。加布里埃尔总是尽力保持独立。他从不放弃。他什么都能做。除了剪发，他还学会了骑自行车、摩托车甚至开车。他无疑在激励别人。 （1）细节理解题，根据 who was born without hands. 可知，使他与众不同的是剩下了就没有双手，故答案是A。 （2）细节理解题，根据 In fact, his inspiration for such work was his mother, who is a hairdresser. At the age of 14, he began to take inter

20、est in her work and learned all kinds of hair cutting skills from her.可知是他的理发技艺来自他的妈妈，故答案是B。 （3）正误判断题题，根据 Gabriels family soon helped him open his first barbershop in San Isidro, Peru, which he worked at for one and a half years. 可知他在家人的帮助下在秘鲁圣伊西德罗开了第一家理发店，而不是在布宜诺斯艾利斯，所以D的叙述错误，故答案是D。 （4）细节理解题，根据根据文章

21、内容可知，只要不放弃，什么都能成为可能，故答案是C。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和正误判断题。细节理解题要可以直接从文中寻找答案；文章出处题需要根据文章内容确定其来源；正误判断题属于细节理解题的一种，也需要根据文章内容进行判定。2阅读理解 This afternoon, when I was looking for a self-improvement(自我修养) book, I found an aged folder(文件夹).In this folder, there were some of the examination papers Id taken during m

22、y pre-university days. They were on economics(经济学), a subject that I didnt really like much then. I laughed at the silly mistakes I made as I looked through the papers. And memories of the past came to my mind. I saw myself sitting at one of the study tables, working hard for some of my life goals.

23、Back then, it was popular for most students to set life goals, because they thought it was most important. It was during those times that I first started to set goals for myself. I didnt know much about goal setting then. I didnt use any goal tracking(跟踪) tools, either. All I knew was that I had to

24、go to university. There was no other way that I could give myself. To go through my lecture(演讲) notes, I didnt take breaks. For more revision with my classmates, I stayed back late. One time, I missed the school lock-out hours and I had to climb school gates in order to leave. It was perhaps this at

25、titude(态度) that ignited my decision to go through what I had to do to get this far. Yes, it may have been hard. But the sweet taste of victory experienced at the point of receiving my final results was so wonderful that I would never forget it for the rest of my life. I closed the folder and dropped

26、 it into the dustbin(垃圾箱) in the room. Its time to get kicking with my next goal. And by writing this, I know Im getting closer. （1）When the author(作者)looked through the papers in the folder, he . A.looked for a self-improvement bookB.laughed at the silly mistakes he madeC.dropped it into the dustbi

27、n right awayD.sat at the table and set life goals again（2）When the author first started to get goals for himself, he . A.didnt need to enter universityB.didnt use any goal tracking toolsC.was sure that he would win the victoryD.learned a lot from a self-improvement book（3）Why did the author stay back late after school? A.To be prepared to enter university.B.To learn more about goal setting.C.To make his teacher pay attention to him.D.To get the chance of climbing school gates.（4）The underlined word “ignited” means in the passage. A.reduced(减少)B.balanced(平衡)