chapter 2 Communication and International Communication 大学英语跨文化交际 教学课件.pptx

1、Chapter 2 Communication and,ADAPTIVE,INTEGRATED,PERVASIVE,DYNAMIC,LEARNED,CULTURE IS,Text CThe Characteristics of Culture,CULTURAL IDENTITY,Cultural identity refers to ones sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.文化身份：认为自己归属于某 一文化或民族群体的感觉。,Charateristics of Cultural Identity,Cultu

2、ral identities are central,dynamic,andmultifaceted components of,ones self-conce.pt.,Be Proud of your own culture,Formation of Cultural,Identity,Cultural identity search,Unexamined cultural identityCultural identity achievement,An idiom,t.,Human beings draw close to one another by their common natur

3、e,but habits and customs keep them aparConfucius,Learning objectives:,Chapter 3 Communication,1.To know different definitions and components of communication2.To know the relationship between culture and communication3.To know the definition and the four forms of intercultural communication.,Chapter

4、 Outline,Communication and Intercultural Communication,Communication,Culture and Communication,Intercultural Communication,Communication Defined,Components of Communication,Intercultural Communication Defined,Forms of Intercultural Communication,Characteristics of Communication,Dynamic,Systemic,Symb

5、olic,Irreversible,Transactional,Self-reflective,Contextual,Lead-in Case:She Has Three Hands,Read the case and retell the story.a Chinese doctor,a patient and a physiotherapist“Who took my peanut butter?”The Chinese woman felt accused.The patient felt pain and cried“ouch!”,“Oh,I didnt do that,”said t

6、he physiotherapist.“It was that doctor over there,”and he pointed to the Chinese woman.“How could she have done it since shes on the other side of the room?”the patient pointed out.“Ah,she has three hands.”the physiotherapist replied.angry,The definition of communication Components of communication,

7、Chapter 3 Communication,Text ACommunication,COMMUNICATION,Communication is derived from the Latin wordcommunicare,meaning to share with or tomake common,so when we communicate.we share our thoughts,hopes,and knowledgewith others.,Western Perspective of communication Eastern perspective of communicat

8、ion,1.The definition of communication,Chapter 3 Communication,In western cultures,communication is studied as the,means of transmitting ideas.Western cultures emphasize the instrumental function of communication;that is,effectiveness is evaluated in terms of success in the manipulation of others to

9、achieve ones personal goal.,Western Perspective of commuChnapitecr 3aCtoimomnunication(西方人的观点）,Eastern perspective of communication（东方人的观点）,Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress harmony,which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition.Eastern cultures understandin

10、g would define communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship.,Chapter 3 Communication,2.Components of communication,Chapter 3 Communication,THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS,sender,encoding,context,receiver,decoding,feedback,chanel,message,noise,Wha

11、t are the components of communication,2.Components of communication,Chapter 3 Communication,Sender/Source（信息源）A sender/source is the person who transmits aMmeessssaaggee.（信息）A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.Encoding（编码）Encoding refers to the activity during which the

12、sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message.Channel/Medium（渠道）Channel/Medium is the method used to deliver a message.,Receiver（信息接收者）,A receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message.Decoding（解码）Decoding is the activity during which th

13、e receiver attaches meaning to the words or symbols he/she has received.Feedback（反馈）The response of a receiver to a senders message is called feedback.,Noise（干扰）Noise is a term used for factors that interfere with the exchange of messages,including external noise，physiological noise,psychological no

14、ise and semantic noise.Noise is inevitable.Context（情境）The setting or situation is called a context.,Noise（干扰）,External NoiseSounds that distract communicators:voices in the next room;annoying ring ofsomeones cell phone in a meeting;etc.Other types of external noise that dont involve sound:an overcro

15、wded room or a smelly cigarPhysiological Noiseillnesses and disabilitiesPsychological Noiseforces with the sender or receiver that interfere with understanding:egotism;hostility;preoccupation;fear;etc.Semantic Noisecaused by using different languages;the use of jargon;different understanding of the

16、message delivered;etc.,Please match each kind of noise in Column A with one of theexamples concerning noise in Column B.,Context（情境）,The Physical Contextthe actual location of the interactantsThe Social Contextthe widely shared expectations people have about the kinds of interactions that normally s

17、hould occur in different kinds of social events.(4)The Interpersonal Contextthe expectations people have about the behaviors of others asa result of differences in the relationships between them,THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS,Chapter 3 Communication,Picture AnalysisWhat are the components of communicatio

18、n reflected in the following picture?,CONTEXTUAL,SYSTEMATIC,TRANSACTIONAL,SELF-REFLECTIVE,SYMBOLIC,IRREVERSIBLE,DYNAMIC,COMMUNICATIONIS,Text B,Characteristics of Communication,Pre-reading Task:,Teacher:Who can guess what it is a small animal with four legs that people often keep as a pet and can cat

19、ch mice easily?,Communication is dynamic（动态的）,Communication is an ongoing activity.It is not fixed.A word or action does not stay frozen when you communicate;it is immediately replaced with yet another word or action.,b.Communication is systematic（系统性的）,Communication does not occur in isolation or i

20、n a vacuum,but rather is part of alarger system.We send and receive messages not in isolation,but in a specific setting.Setting and environment help determine the words and actions we generate.Dress,language,topic selection,and the like are all adapted to context.,c.Communication is symbolic（符号性的）,S

21、ymbols are central to the communicatio process because they represent the shared meanings that are communicated.A symbol is a word,action,or object that stands for o represents a unit of meaning.Peoples behaviors are frequently interpreted symbolically,as an external representation of feelings,emoti

22、ons,and internal states.,d.Communication is irreversible,（不可逆转的）Communication is an irreversible process.We can never undo what has already been done.Although we may try to qualify,negate,or somehow reduce the effects of our message,once it has been sent and received,the message itself cannot be rev

23、ersed.,e.Communication is transactional,（交互式的）A transactional view holds that communicators are simultaneously sending and receiving messages at every instant that they are involved in conversations.,f.Communication is self-reflective（自省的）,Human beings have a unique ability to think about themselves

24、,to watch how they define the world,and to reflect on their past,present,and future.,g.Communication is contextual,（情境的）All communication takes place within asetting or situation called a context.By context,we mean the place where people meet,the social purpose for being together,and the nature of t

25、he relationship.Thus the context includes the physical,social,and interpersonal settings.,Text C,ACTIVITY:,GESTURES/FACIAL EXPRESSIONS ARE DETERMINED BY CULTURE,The relationship between communication and culture:Communication and culture are two synonymous terms and they are inseparable.Culture is l

26、earned,acted out,transmitted,and preserved through communication.Culture inherently contain communication systems.,The relationship between culture and communication is compared to the relationship between a map and a journey.How do you understand and interpret this simile?Answer:Cultures are both t

27、he maps of a place(the rules and conventions)and the journeys that take place there(actual practices).,The way culture affects communication style:Each culture encourages a particular communication style expected within it.This implies not only using correct symbols,but also applying the appropriate

28、 communication style for the occasion.Communication styles include mannerisms,phrases,rituals and communication customs appropriate for various situations in a culture.Areas like loudness,pitch,rate,and certain stances and gesturescharacterize communication behaviors.A specific culture expects an“id

29、eal”communication style.,Text D,Intercultural communication definedIntercultural communication refers to communicationbetween people whose cultural perception and symbolsystem are distinct enough to alter the communicationevent.,Forms of Intercultural communication,International CommunicationInteret

30、hnic CommunicationInterracial Communicationintracultural Communication,International communication,International communication takes place between nations and governments rather than individuals;it is quite formal and ritualized(仪式化).,United Nations Conference,Interethnic communication,Interethnic c

31、ommunication refers to communicationbetweenpeople of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.,Interracial communication,Interracial communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.,Intracultural communication,it is defined as communication be

32、tween or among members of the same culture.,Case-analysis:,Why Dont You Eat The Pizza?Answer the following questions:(1)Why did not Vernon eat the pizza?(2)How would you help to explain Vernons behaviors?(3)Which form of intercultural communication does their communication belong to?,Case-analysis:,

33、Why Dont You Eat The Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication.Culture can greatly influence peoples belief,value,norm and social practice.Ignoring cultural differences can affect communication and cause problems.In Malaysia,where most people are Muslims,people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and cannot be used