新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结.docx

1、新冀教版七年级英语上册短语与句型总结新冀教版七年级英语上册知识点总结Unit 1短语：2.over there在那里3.a visiting student一个访问生4.have lessons=have classes上课5.play sports=do sports=have sports进行体育运动6.plan lessons备课7.have fun=have a good /nice/great/wonderful time玩得愉快8.guessing games猜谜游戏9.a shopping list一张购物单10.in Class Five 在五班11.You go first.

2、 你先来句型：1.介绍自己要用My name is . . . 或I am. . . ,介绍别人则用His/Her name is. . .或This is. . .询问别人的姓名用Whats your/his/her name?2.询问对方的身体健康状况，要用How are you? 答语为：Im fine/Fine,thanks.3 Good morning/afternoon/evening!早上/下午/晚上好！Good night 晚安！4 This is-这是.5 let sb. do sth.让某人做某事6 show sb.around带领某人参观Show sb sth/show

3、sth to sb把某物展示给某人7 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事8 Excuse me.May I have/borrow-?抱歉/打扰。我可以借.吗？表示客气的请求要用May I,please?答语为Sure./OK (Here you are.) .borrow 与 have.都可以表示“借”之意，区别在于：前者表示借了要还；而后者则指借了不必还。如：May I borrow your book, please? May I have a piece of paper?9 See you later.再见10 Here you are!给你11 Than

4、k you /thanks!xx！12 need to do sth.需要做某事need doing sth 需要被做某事13 How/What about doing sth.?z做某事怎么样？How/What about sth.?某事/物怎么样？How/What about sb ?某人呢？/某人怎么样？14 make a listxx清单15 人们见面时的xx话常用Nice to meet you.答语为：Nice to meet you, too或Me,too.17 homeroom teacher 指导教师18 at the store=in a shop在商店19.询问单数物品时

5、，要用Whats this/it? 答语为Its a/an +单数名词。其中，this为指示代词，表示离说话人较近的事物。在答语中，一般要用it 代替this.20. borrow.from.从/向.借入Lend.to.把.借给.21. buy反义词sellBuy sb sth/buy sth for sb给某人买某物三、语法1. an 后面加以开头的名词单元音： i: i e a: : u u: : ： ei ai i u au i ua 后面加以开头的名词辅音： p b t d k g f v s z t d tr dr ts dz m n h l r w j2. some 和 any 的

6、用法some意为“一些”，可作形容词和代词。它常修饰可数名词。如:some books一些书，some boys一些男孩，也可修饰不可数名词，如:some water一些水，some tea一些茶叶，some常用在肯定句中。any意为“任何一些”，它也可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，常用于疑问句和否定句。如: -I have some tea here. 我这儿有些茶叶。- see any tea. 我没看见茶叶。-Do you have any friends at school? 你在学校有些朋友吗?-I have some English books, they are my best

7、friends. 我有英语书，它们是我最好的朋友。但在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。如: Would you like some coffee? 你要不要来点咖啡? What about some fruit juice? 来点水果汁如何?3. too 用于肯定句句末， also用于be动词，助动词，情态动词之后，实意动词之前，either用于否定句句末，都表示“也”4. 英语国家的名字是姓氏(surname)在后,名(given name)在前.如:Jim GreenxxJim是名字,Green是姓氏.Unit 2短语：1.look at看.

8、look(看的动作) see(看的结果)3.in the sky在天空中4.be/get ready for准备去.5.say goodbye to向人说再见6.catch a cold（患）感冒8.put on-take off穿上-脱下put on（穿的动作）wear（穿的状态）9.go well with和.很相配；协调10.take.out of把所有的.取出11.around the world=all over the world全世界12.just right 刚刚好，正好13.in black and white 身穿黑白相间的衣服14.at the shopping cent

9、re 在购物中心15.a pair of socks/shorts/pants/glasses/shoes/gloves一双袜子、一条短裤/长裤、一副眼镜、一双鞋、一双手套16.light blue 浅蓝色17.How much+不可数名词（提问不可数名词数量）How many+可数名词复数（提问可数名词数量）如：How many markers do you have? I have four./Four.句型：1.mix A and/with B; mix.together把A和B混合在一起2.Whats your favourite colour?你最喜欢的颜色是什么？3.询问物品的颜色

10、时,要用What colour is/are? 答语为Its/They are+颜色。如：What colour is your skirt ? Its pink.4.How many colours do you see?你能看到多少颜色？5. 询问物品是谁的，要用whose . whose 可以作定语，也可以作表语，两种句型常可以进行同义转换。如：Whose shots are these?=Whose are these shorts?6.be/get ready to do sth.准备去做某事7.want sth想要某物want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to d

11、o sth 想让某人做某事8.Lets go shopping.让我们去购物9.Its too small/big/long/short for me.它对我来说太小、大、长、短。10.forget sth忘记某物forget /remember to do sth 忘记/记得去做某事forget/remember doing sth 忘记/记得做过某事1、cold反义词hot cool反义词warm12. so+形容词或副词3、 look+形容词（表语）4、提问颜色用what colour.5、maybe 和may beMaybe是副词，意思是“或许，大概”may be 是情态动词后家加动词

12、原形beEg:Maybe he is a student或He may be a student.16. 人称代词与物主代词1)主格常作主语, 其中主格与动词be (am, is, are) 的连用如下：人称代词主格与跟在它后面的be动词可以缩写：如I am=Im ,you are=youre, He is=hes, she is=shes, it is =its we are=were,they are=theyre2)人称代词的宾格在句子xx宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如:I saw her with them, at least, I t

13、hought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。(her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her做主语补语)a. - Who broke the vase? -谁打碎了花瓶?b. - Me. -我。(me做主语补语= Its me.)说明:在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。3)形容词性的物主代词(只作定语)+名词, 如my book 我的书 her hat 她的帽子。形容词可作定语,形容词(定语) + 名词, 如good boy好男孩favorite subject最喜欢的科目。形容词可与 be (am, is,

14、 are) xx用作定语, be (am, is, are) + 形容词 (表语) 如 He is happy4)名词性物主代词的句法功能a. 作主语，例如:May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗? 你的比我的好用。b. 作宾语，例如:I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c. 作介词宾语，例如:Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word, not in yours.你应

15、当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。d. 作主语补语，例如:The life I have is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。5). 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词为避免重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”的形式。例:My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为避免重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is bl

16、ue and yours is pink.Unit 3短语：1.play with sb/sth 和某人玩或玩某物2.do ones homework做某人的作业3.make noodles 制作面条4.feel blue感到很忧伤5.see red火冒三丈6.a symbol of .的象征7.listen to听.8.wave ones hand挥手9.stand against/upon靠.站着10.one metre long 一米长11.see a doctor/go to the doctor看病、12.take the/this medicine 吃药13.have a head

17、ache/stomachache头痛/胃痛14.have a cold/catch a cold 感冒15.stay home待在家里16.have a good rest好好休息17.look different/the same看起来不同/相同句型：1.make sth. for sb.给某人制作某物2.use AforB 把A用于B3. 询问人的高度用How tall,回答时用“数字 + metre(s) + tall”,也可以用I dont know如：How tall are you? Im 1.3 metres tall.4. Whats wrong?=Whats the matt

18、er=whats the trouble(with sb/sth)(某人、某物怎么啦）询问人或物品的情况用Whats the matter? 还可说成Whats the matter with?其答语并不固定，如：Whats the matter with your finger? I cut it. It hurts.5. Are you OK?你好吗6. Youd/ had better (not)do sth.你最好（不）做某事7. Youd better go and see a doctor.你最好去看大夫8.What does sb look like?问某人的外貌What is

19、sb like?问某人的性格9.询问对方的感受用How do you feel?回答时用Im/I feel+表示感情或感觉的形容词.如:-How do you feel? 你感觉怎么样?-Im/I feel happy/sad/cold/hot/tired/cool/warm.我(感到)很高兴/难过/冷/热/累/凉爽/暖和.9.同反义词tall反short big反small happy反sad laugh反cry up反down wrong反righttoo同义词also10. have/has的用法口诀动词have表示“有”，位置就在主语后。“三单”主语用has，其他人称用have。一般问

20、句句首do/does添。否定句子也一样，dont /doesnt 主语后面站。1.A dog has four legs.2.Our school has a library.3.We have 37 chairs in our classroom.4.My sister has a nice toy car.5.Does that girl have a doll?6.Do Tom and his brother have a big bedroom?7.I dont have a model plane.8.Lily doesnt have a doll.Unit 4短语：1.a glas

21、s/cup/can/bottle of一杯、一瓶.2.write down写下,记下(后面跟代词,代词放中间)3.would like/want sth想要某物would like/want to do sth想要做某事4.take down 拿下，取下，记下（后面跟代词代词放中间）5.pass around 分发，传送（后面跟代词代词放中间）6.be away不在，离开7.get enough rest得到足够的休息8.Watch TV看电视9.too much 后面跟不可数名词too many 可数名词复数much too 后面跟形容词或副词10.be full of=be filled

22、with充满.11.Pear同音词 pair12.be short for。的缩写，简称13 hungry 反义词full14 put.on.把.放在.xx15 What/How about+代词或名词或v+ing16 have to do sth不得不（客观）must do sth必须(主观)17.表达自己饥饿/口渴，想吃/喝xx时，用Im hungry/thirsty. I want to eat/drinkwant to 的委婉说法是would like to.如：Im hungry. Iwant to / would like to eatsome dumplings.句型：1.(It

23、s ) time to do sth.到干某事的时候了。(Its ) time for sth.到.的时候了Its time for sb to do sth到某人做.的时候了2.Whats for breakfast/lunch/supper?早餐、午餐、晚餐吃什么？3.What would you like (to do) sth?你想要（做）什么？4.have sth. for breakfast/lunch/supper6.get /buy sth. for sb.给某人买某物7.Good job!/Well done!/Great!/Wonderful!/Excellent!/Per

24、fect做得好8. take sb to some place带某人去某地9. Are you ready to order?你准备好点餐了吗？10. How much is/are sth? / How much for sth?/Whats the price of sth?某物多少钱？11. Would you like something to drink?你想要些喝的吗？（不定式修饰不定代词作后置定语）12. No problem!没问题13. Can I help you?/May I help you?/What can I do for you?你想要点什么？/需要帮忙吗？14

25、. Ill take 表示“我将/要买。”take可用buy/get/have代替。如：Ill take /get/have/buy six.15.可数名词和不可数名词1可数名词和不可数名词（Countable noun and Uncountable noun）从名词的数上划分，英语名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，不能与a / an 连用。在这里，我们重点讲述不可数名词。不可数名词（1）不可数名词包括各种物质的统称：bread 面包， stone石头，beer啤酒， water水cream奶油， wood木头，jam果酱， ice 冰，paper纸， oil油，s

26、oap肥皂 ，glass玻璃，tea茶， gold黄金，（2）抽象名词也是不可数名词：advice 主意/忠告，death死亡，beautyxx、漂亮，help帮助（3）在英文中下列名词也是不可数名词：baggage 行李 furniture家具weather气候 information信息knowledge知识 news新闻（4）不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与a / an 连用，在前面往往加上some（一些）， any （任何）, no （没有），a little （少许）等词，或与量词搭配，组成短语。I dont want any advice or help I want some in

27、formationa piece of news 一条消息a drop of oil 一滴油a cake of soap 一块肥皂a cup of tea 一杯茶two slices of bread 两片面包three teaspoons of mayonnaise 三茶匙蛋黄酱（5）英语名词的可数或不可数，不要从汉语本身去理解，要根据英语的习惯和特点判断、记忆。例如：money是不可数名词，dollar则是可数名词。I have much money 我有许多钱He has many dollars 他有许多美元。（6）有些词即是可数名词，又是不可数名词。如hair 指一个人头上的全部头发

28、时，是不可数名词；如果指每一根xx时，就是可数的，可以说one hair , two hairs Her hair is black Whenever she finds a grey hair she pulls it out她的头发是黑的。她只要发现有一根xx就将它拔掉。可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词的单数可以与冠词a/an 连用。总结可数名词变复数的规则。一、名词复数的规则变化1) 一般的名词在词尾加-Sstudents, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.2) 以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加-esglasses, boxes,

29、brushes, matches.3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加escities, babies, cherries，countries4) 以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v加eshalf-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolveswife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；5) 以o结尾的名词，有些加es有生命的加es:Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes（黑人xx爱吃土豆和xx），无生命的加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos,二、名词复数的不规则

30、变化1)改变内部的元音字母：foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice，man men, woman women2)单复数同形：sheep sheep, deer deer, Chinese Chinese,3）加renchild children3）集体名词， people ,class, police 等本身就是复数三、复数的发音一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby-babi