中考英语易混词组短语辨析.docx

1、中考英语易混词组短语辨析2014年中考英语易混词组、短语辨析 a bit/ a little这两个词都意为一点儿”有时可以互换，但有时不能。I 二者作程度副词修饰形容词、副词、动词或比较级时，意义相同，为 一点儿”有些”。如：1I am a bit / a little hungry.我有点饿。2He walked a bit / a little slowly.他走路有点慢。n 二者都可以作名词词组，充当主语或宾语。如：1A little / bit is enough for me.我有一点儿就够了。2I know only a little / a bit about her.我对她的情

2、况只了解一点。川。a little可直接修饰名词；a bit后须加of才可以。如：1.There is a little water in the bottle. = There is a bit of water in the bottle.注意a little of后的名词通常特指，表 “ 中的一些”，女口：1May I have a little of your tea?IV .否定形式not a little作状语，相当于very/ quite,很”， 非常”；作定语和宾语时，相当于much,意为 许多”。而not a bit作状语时，相当于not at all,意为一点也不”，作宾语

3、时则相当于not much. Eg:1He is not a little (=very) hungry.他饿极了。2He is not a bit (=not at all) hungry.他一点也不饿。3She ate not a little (=much).她吃得很多。V. Not a bit中的not可以分开使用；not a little中的not则不能分开。Eg:1He felt not a bit tired. = He did n t feel a bit tire他觉得一点也不累。2He felt not a little tired.他觉得非常累。但不能说： He didn

4、 fell a little tired. a few/ few/ a little/ littleI . a few和few修饰可数名词，a little和little修饰不可数名词； a few和a little表示肯定意义，few和little表示否定意义，可受 only修饰。如：1Few people will agree to the plan because it s too dangerous.2This text is easy to understand though there are a few new words in it.3There is little water

5、 left in glass. Will you please give me some4Don t worry, we have a little time left.3 agree with/ agree on/ agree to(1)agree with(sb.)表示 与 意见一致”。I don t agree with you我不同意你的意见。(2)agree to(sth.)宾语一般为 suggestion、plan 等，同意计划、安排”。We all agreed to your plan.我们同意你的计划。(3)agree on表示双方就.达成一致协议”。China and th

6、e U.S.A. agreed on the place and time for the next meeting.中美双方就下次会议的时间、地点问题达成了协议。4 at times / at all times / all the timeI . at times不时；偶尔如:1The tide is , at times, very high.潮水有时涨得高。2I make mistakes at times when I speak English. 我说英语偶尔会出错。n . at all times.随时；任何时候；总是 ”女口：He has a cool head at all

7、times.他随时都有清醒的头脑。川.all the time 一直；始终”其中time用单数形式。如：The baby cries all the time.那婴儿一直哭。5 another/ the other/ other/ others/ the othersI. another指不定数目中的 另一个、又一个”(三个以上)用来代替或修饰可数名词。 如:I don t think the coat is good enough. Can you show maenother ?n . other泛指 另外的”修饰复数名词。如：We study Chinese, maths, Englis

8、h and other subjects.川.others泛指 另外的人或物”，但不指其余的人或物的全部。如：Some like swimming, others like boating.IV . the other指两个中的 另一个”如：He has two sons, one is in Shanghai, the other is in Beijing.V. the others特指某一范围内的 其余全部的人或物如：There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, the others are my father s.6 a

9、t last/ finally/ in the endI . at last “最后”表经过一定曲折之后某事才发生，强调努力的结果，带有较强的感情色彩。 须用一般过去时。如：Did the man in the shop understand him at last?n . finally 表动作的发生顺序是在 “最后 ”， 无感情色彩，只用于过去时。它居句首时较多。1Finally he went to see the famous man himself.川.in the end表事物发展的自然顺序的 终结”，有时可与finally相互替换。但用于将来的预测时，则只能用 in the en

10、d 如： I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.7 at school/ in school/ in a (the) schoolI . at school 表示 “在学校、在上学 ”相对于在家里或在校外。如：1My son is at school now. He is not at home or somewhere else. 我儿子现在在学校，他不在 家，也不在别的地方。2When my brother was at school, he studied very hard. 在学校时，我兄弟学习很用功。n

11、. in school 在求学、在上学 ”相对于有工作。如：My daughter still in school She does n t work.我女儿还在上学，她不在工作。注:和用at school强调所在场所或时间。 中的in school则强调主语的身份是学生。因此，in school.和at school的着重点不一样，通常不互换使用。川.In a / the school在学校”，不一定指上学。类似的还有：in hospital 生病住院 ”in a / the hospital 表 “在医院 ”(工作或探视病人等)at table 在吃饭 ”at a / the table

12、在桌边 “”有(可能在聊天或看报) Is your friend in school? 你的朋友在上学吗？1Your friend looked for you in the school just now. 刚才你的朋友在学校里找你。2Children are often in hospital when they are young. 孩子们小的时候经常生病住院。3She is a good doctor in the hospital .她是医院里的一名好大夫。8 at the top of/ on the top ofI . at the top of在顶点上、在 上”。At表示点，在

13、句子中用作状语，反义短语常为 at the bottom of 在 底部”；on (the) top of中的on表示部位上的接触，意思是 在 之上、在 上面”。反义短语常为 at the foot of 在“ 脚底下 ”。 如：1He shouted at the top ofhis voice. 他高声地叫喊。2He is at the top of the class他居全班之首位。Will you please put this box on (the) top of the books.请你这个盒子放在那些书的上面好吗？9 at the end of ,by the end of ,

14、to the end ,in the end*at the end of可表示时间，也可表示地点，指 在末(底)” 在末端(尽头)”*by the end of仅表示时间，指 在 前” 到 为止” at the end of指过去或将来时间上的一个点， 往往与一个行为动作相关， 常与一般过去时或一般将来时连用； by the end of 不指一个时间点， 而是指某一时间点以前或到某一时间点为止， 强调的是状态或结果， 而不 是行为，常与完成时连用。如： We had a class meet ing at the end of last week.上周末我们开了 一个班会。 /By the

15、end of this term we has learned sixteen units. 到这个学期为止，我们已经学了 16 个单元 .*to the end 常与运动性或持续性动词连用，表示 “到(某一)终点为止 ”，指地点，也可指 时间。如:We should go on with the work to the end.我们应把工作进行到底。 /Follow this road to the end and you will see a post office. 走到这条路的尽头，你会看到一家邮局。*in the end 后不接任何单词， 表示 “最后、终于 “，相当于 at las

16、t ,finally. 如： They won the game in the end.我们最终赢得了比赛。10 by the way/ on the way/ in the way(1)by the way 常用作状语，意为 “顺便问一下 ” ,顺便说一下 ”。(2)on the way 在 的路上 ”，后接名词时需加介词 to,后接副词 home、 here、 there 时不加 to。(3)in the way 挡路、妨碍 ”。例Your car is in the way.你的小汽车挡路了。He bought a pen on his/ the way to school. 他在上学的

17、路上买了一枝钢笔。By the way, how old are you? 顺便问一下，你多大了？11 be afraid of sb or sth/ be afraid of doing sth/be afraid to do sth/ be afraid +that clauseI . be afraid of sb or sth.害怕某人或某事 如1The man is afraid of nothing. 这个人什么都不怕。2Jenny is afraid of her father, for he is very strict with her. 詹妮害怕她父亲，因为他对她要 求很严

18、格。n . be afraid of doing sth.害怕、担心某事 (自己也无法左右的突发事情) 发生如：I am afraid of falling into the swimming pool. 我担心掉进游泳池里去。川.be afraid to do sth.害怕、不敢做某事 如：1The bat was afraid to leavehis home. 蝙蝠不敢离开家。2I am afraid to go out at night. 我害怕晚上出去。IV . be afraid +that clause.恐怕”表带歉意的回绝或告知不好的消息。 that常省去。如：I am afr

19、aid (that) I can t do that today. 恐怕今天我不能做那件事。V.在日常用语中，I am afraid常表示歉意或客气， 没有恐惧之意。往往相当于I am sorry ,引出不愿发生、可能使对方失望的情况。如：1I am afraid I don t agree with you. 恐怕我不会同意你的意见。2I am afraid (that) you are wrong. 恐怕你错了。W . 口语中，在I am afraid之后用so / not,可省去上文提到的内容。如：1-Ha s he gone to Guangzhou? 他去广州了吗？-I m afra

20、id so.2-Are we on time? 我们迟到了吗？-1 m afraid not可能没迟到。12 be angry/ get angryI . be / get angry “生某人的气 ”后面的介词要用 with; “因某事而生气 ”后面的介词要用 about / at; be / get angry后接不定式，这时不定式动词大多为 see和hear其不定式同样表生气的原因。 如：1Miss Liu was / got angry with Li Pi ng because he was late for school today. 文 U老师生李平的气是因为他今天迟到了。2Sh

21、e was / got angry with my behaviour. 她对我的行为感到生气。3What are you angry about ?你生什么气？4My father was angry at what I said.我爸对我说的很生气。n . get angry强调变化，强调由不生气变为生气这一过程； be angry强调状态，表明正在生气这一状态。His mother got angry with him when he told her what he had done at school.当他告诉他母亲， 他 在校的行为时，她生气了。联想:类似的有：be / becom

22、e interested in. 对 有兴趣”be / get married. 结婚” “have / catch a cold 感冒” “be / fall ill 生病” be / fall asleep 入睡、睡着”3 be anger with/ be angry about/ be angry at(1)be angry with后只能跟表 人”的名词或代词，意思是 生某人的气”，其后常跟一个表原因的介词 for。The teacher was angry with me for my coming late. 老师因为我来晚生气了。(2)be angry at = be angr

23、y about意思是 因某事而愤怒”。at或about后只能接表 事物的名词。如：He is angry with/ about small things.他常为一些小事生气。He was angry about/ at missing the film.他为错过那场电影而生气。4 be familiar to, be familiar withbe familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的， be familiar with 某人熟悉某物The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.5 be good at/ do well

24、inI. be good at / in意思接近于 do well in.在（某方面）出色；擅长 ”。be good at / in强调一种笼统情况，而 do well in可表示一种情况，也可指在具体的一次活动中表现出色。be good at 的反义词组为：be poor （weak） at （in）. do well in 的反义词组为：do badly in.女口：1Mary is good at/ in maths. = Mary does well inmaths.玛丽数学很好（指情况）。=玛丽数 学学得很好。2Tom did well in （不宜用 be good at.指具体一

25、次）that English test / sports meeting.汤姆在那次英语考试中（运动会中）考得很好（表现出色） 。3Wu Dong does badly in his less ons. = Wu Dong is weak / poor / at / in his less on s.吴冬功课 不好。（指情况）4Mei Ying did badly in the high jump梅英在跳高比赛中成绩不好。 （具体一次，不宜替换。）5Mei Ying is weak / poor in / at high jump.梅英不善于跳高。（指笼统情况）n . do well和do b

26、adly可单独使用，表一种情况；而be good / weak / poor 一定要借助于介 词in或at,强调在某一个方面，才能表达一个完整的意思。如：He does well / badlyat school.他在学校里功课很好/很差。6 be made of ,be made from ,be made into ,be made in*be made of表示某一物品被制成以后可以看出原料*be made from表示制成品中看不出原材料，两者在口语中可以用 be made out of替换。*be made into意为 被制成 ，其主动形式为 makeinto （把 制成 ）。女口

27、： We can make glass into bottles./Glass can be made into bottles.玻璃可制成瓶子。* be made in后接地点，表示是有某地制造(出品)的。7 be pleased with/ at/ toI. be pleased with对人/物，感到满意介词with后接人或物。女口：1Both Mark and her mother were pleased withthe girl.马克和他妈妈都有喜欢这个女孩。2I wasn t/ery pleased with / atmy exam results. 我对自己的考试成绩不太满意。

28、n . be pleased at对某事/物，感到满意 ”介词at常与事物搭配使用。He was very pleased a the n ews.他对这个消息感至U很满意。川.be pleased to乐意 ;因 而高兴” to不是介词，而是小品词。后接动词原形。如：1I shall be pleased tcgo.我将乐意去。2We are quite pleased tcbe working in this country. 能在这个国家工作， 我们是十分高兴的。8 be sure/ make sureI . be sure指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握，常译为： 确信” make su

29、re指 务必、务请、确保”将某事弄清楚。如：1lam sure that he is honest.我相信他是诚实的。2I have made surethat he is honest.我已了解清楚他是诚实的。n .二者后面均可接 of或about引出的短语。如：1I am sure of success = I am sure that I will succeed. 我深信会成功。2Will you make sure of his return? = Will you make sure that he returned?请你查明他是否 真的回来了。好吗？川.make sure后面的t

30、hat从句一般不用或很少用将来时；be sure后面的that从句则可用将来时。如：1Make sure that you come here before five. 你一定要在 5 点前来。2lam sure that he will come.我相信他一定会来的。IV .两者后面接不定式， 均表示一定要做某事”但make sure通常只用于祈使句；而 besure则不受限制。如：1m ake sure to come to party on time. 一定要准时来参加晚会。Be sure2He is sure to call you up.他准会给你打电话的。9 be surprise

31、d/ in surpriseI . be surprised为 动词+形容词结构，在句中作谓语，意为： 感到吃惊” be surprised at表对感到吃惊”n . in surprise为介词+名词结构。在句中作状语。意为： 吃惊地”女口：1She was surprised.她感到吃惊。2Everybody was surprised atyou.大家都对你感到吃惊。3John turned round and looked at him in surprise.约翰转过身去，吃惊地看着他。20 be used for/ be used as/ be used by(1)be used for在这个短语中，介词 for表用途，即 用来作 ”。A pen is used for writing.笔是用来书写的。(2)be used as在这个短语中，介词 as表身份或工具，即 “被用作 ”En glish is used as a useful tool in our coun try.在我国英语被作为一个有用的工具来使用。