一形容词比较级的规则变化规律.docx

1、一形容词比较级的规则变化规律形容词级的变化规律和级的用法、形容词级的变化：1、规律变化：单音词的变化：（四条）一般情况： +er（ 比较级 ） +est（ 最高级 ）eg :quiet-quieter-the quietestbright-brighter-the brightest 明亮 / 聪明的dear-dearest-the dearestclever-cleverer-the cleverest词末为 -e （不发音） + r -+steg:fine-finer-the finestnice-nicer-the nicestcute-cuter-the cutestclose-clo

2、ser-the closestwhite-whiter-the whitestlarge-larger-the largestfree-freer-freest（ 特殊 ）重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母的:双写辅音字母 +er- 双写辅音字母 +esteg:hot-hotter-the hottestbig -bigger-the biggestred-redder-the reddestwet-wetter-the wettestsad-sadder-the saddestfat-fatter-the fattestthin-thinner-the thinnestfit-fitter-f

3、ittest少数以辅音字母 +y 结尾的双音节 原根词:变 y 为 i+er 变 y 为 i+est形容词和副词用法比较形容词和副词形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级。形容词和副 词的构成形式基本上一样，它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多音节有关，当然还有其 特殊形式。形容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形 式。但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法。对以下要点大家须一 一掌握。第一节形容词比较级和最高级的形式、形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾力口 er 禾 口 est str o

4、ng stron ger str on gest单音节词如果以 e结尾,只力口 r 禾 口 st stra nge stra nger stra ngestbighot sadderbiggerhotter saddestbiggesthottest只力口 r 禾R st) angryclevern arrowno ble an griercleverern arrowerno bler an grestcleverestn arrowestno blest其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词 more和most different morediffere nt mostdiffere nt1)

5、 The most high Amountain in Bthe world is Mount Everest ， which is situated Cin Nepal and istwenty nine thousa nd one hun dred and fourty one feet highD.2) This house is spaciouser Athan that Bwhite CRapid City， South Dakota Dlast year.one I bought in3) Research in the social Asciences often proves

6、difficulter similar Cwork in the physical Dsciences.Bthan二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式:1.三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加 more和most只能说 more beautiful 而不能说 beautifuller; 只能说 the most beautiful 而不能说 beautifullest。但是，以形容前缀 un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy ，我们可以说： unhappier f unhappiest, untidier f untidiest2.由ING分词和 ED分词演变过来的形容

7、词（包括不规则动词如 knowknown）只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most) strik ing, more(most) in terest ing, more(most) woun ded, more(most)worn 等。4) The drawings Aof the old masters Bare among the treasuredest C works in museums D3.英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式absolute fatal main right uni versalchief final n aked simu

8、lta- utteren tire foremost p erfect n eous vitaleternal in evitable po ssible sufficie nt wholeexcelle nt infin ite p rimary sup reme woode n三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式goodwellbetterbestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoremostlittlefew lessleastfar fartherfarthestfurther furthest,fiercer , and difficulter Ato tame B

9、5) Africa n ele phants are larger than CAsian elephants D6) Sarah Hale became A editors in the Un ited States duri ngone of the famousest Bmagazine C Dthe 1800 s.7) Of all Athe Native America n tribes B , the Shaw nee In dia ns wereC a most D transient.四、例题解析应将“ most high 改为highest。这是在考形容词比较级的构成形式。7

10、） D 错。意为“（延续时间）最短暂的”。应改为“the most ”，因为此处表示的是最高级，“ the most tran sie nt ”第二节副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样般副词hard f harder f hardestfast f faster f fastestlate f later f latest early f earlier f earliest特殊副词well f better f best much f more f most badly f worse f worstly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样f more quietl

11、y f most quietlylittle f less f least但是，开放类副词即以后缀 加 er或 est，女口quickly f more quickly f most quickly quietly第三节形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法、原级比较的基本用法1.原级比较由“ as +形容词或副词(或再加名词或短语)+ as ”构成“原级相同”比 较句，表示两者比较；其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“ n ot so(as) +形容词或副词+ as”，而且asas结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite 等表示程度的词修饰1） Walk ing bri

12、skly for thirty minu tes will bur n as many calories as .running for fiftee n minu tesyou run for fiftee n minu tesDthanAthatBsoCthisDas二、比较级7) She is older tha n .any other girl in the gro upany girl in the groupDyou and me as well as the group“Santa Cruz Sentinel ” in 1905 andB , remai ned C activ

13、e in journalistic8) Jose phine McCrack in joined Atheun til her death fiftee n years lateD work.2.注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致9) The purpose of the research had a more imp orta nt meaning for them tha n .AoursBwith usCfor ours it hadDit did for us10) Sou nd travels air.Afaster through water tha n throughBf

14、aster than through water andCthrough water faster and Dwhere it is faster through water tha nthrough11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout ， one of Rembrand s pupils， followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimesconfused with his master D .三、最高级1. 最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式

15、是“定冠词形容词最高级名 词表示范围的短语或从句” (如 all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place 等 )All the activitiesThe activities四、例题解析1) B 为正确答案。动词 rival( 胜过、匹敌 )前后是两个相比较的成分 achievements( 成果 )和贡献)，由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect ，故空白处也应用5) B 为正确答案。6) C 错。应改为比较级 cheaper 。比较级后并不一定跟接连词 than ，有时在其间 有名词或

16、名词短语 (被形容词所修饰 )，介词短语，不定式或其他成分隔开。7) A为正确答案。“ She作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对)，也不能跟全组所有相比，因为“她”也是其中一员，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里“ She”比较的是“这组中的任何一个”，所以 A对。8) B 错。应改为比较级 later ，因此处实为与 1905 年相比晚 15 年，故应使用比较 级。9) D 为正确答案。10) A 为正确答案。11) D 错。改为 his master 12） A 错。改为 most。13） C错。改为the , significant是多音节形容词，在此处应用最高级形式 （在前面加the mos

17、t），注意句中的“ of all。14） C为正确答案。本句空白处缺状语， A和B全为名词短语，不符合条件； D为句子，和空白后面的句子没有任何联系，故亦应排除。只有 C正确，和后面的最高级the most familiar 前后呼应。第四节形容词和副词的特殊表达法一、形容词与副词的同级比较： 由“as（so）as”出，其否定式为“ not so或not asas”考生还应注意下列含有“ as”结构或短语的句子1. as such :表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,a nd must be treated as such.他是个孩子，必须被当作孩子对待。2. as much

18、:表示“与同量”Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。I would gladly have p aid twice as much for it. 它买下的。就是价格再贵一倍，我也会愿意把He as much as admitted the whole story.他几乎全部承认了。3. as many :表示与一样多”I found six mistakes in as many lin es. 我在六行中发现了六个错。二、表示几倍于”的比较级：用 twice （两倍），four times （四倍），ten times（十倍）加上asa结构This one is

19、 four times as big as that o ne. 这个是那个的四倍大。 （这个比那个大三我们的校园比你们的大两倍。 /倍。)/ Our campus is three times as large as yours.He has books twice as many as she does. 他的书比她多一倍。1) The five year deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tonsB of grain a year C , three million more as D the old pact s mini

20、mum.“the same +名词+ as”表示同等比较2) The lens of a camera p erforms the lens of the eye.A in the same function B the same function asCthe function is the same as D and has the same function3) The elim in ati on of in flati on would en sure that the amount of money used in repaying a loa n wouldhave as the

21、 amount of money borrowed.A as the same value B the same valueC value as the same D the value is the same等词语表四、比较级前可用 a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much 示不定量， far, completely,still 表示程度或更进一步4)There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.much

22、more sophisticated much sophisticated sophisticated5) The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth.AclearestBthe clearestCmuch clearerDmore clearer6) Common porpoises( 海豚 ) are usually not considered A migratory ， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in

23、 winter.兼有两种形式的副词1)close 与 closely close 意思是近； closely 意思是仔细地 He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 与 lately late 意思是 晚； lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3)deep 与 deeply deep 意思是 深 ，表示空间深度； deeply 时常表示感情上的深度， 深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

24、Even father was deeply moved by the film.4) high 与 highlyhigh 表示空间高度； highly 表示程度，相当于 muchThe plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide 与 widelywide 表示空间宽度； widely 意思是 广泛地 , 在许多地方 He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free 与 freelyfree 的意思是 免费 ； freely 的意思是

25、无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like.形容词使用顺序巧记忆当两个以上形容词修饰一个名词,形容词该如何排列 ? 为什么不能说 a black new pen ,而要说成 a new black pen? 这里面有无规则可循 ?如果你记住 Opshacom 这个为帮助记忆而杜撰的词,就能掌握英语中形容词排列 的顺序。Opshacom 中 op 代表 opinion ,指表示人们观点的形容词,如 beautiful , horrible , lovely , nice 等；o 代表 origin ,指表示国籍、地区的形容词,如 British , Canadian , German 等；m 代表 material ,指表示材料的形容词,如 plastic , metal , aluminium 等。英语中这六类形容词连用时就按上述先后顺序排列,如 a nice long new black British plastic pen 当然,实际语言使用中不可能出现这么多形容词连用的情况。