小学升初中英语语法大全.docx

1、小学升初中英语语法大全小学升初中英语语法大全小学升初中语法大全讲义第一课 基础 冠词一、字母大写的五种情况：1.国家首字母China AmericanGermany2.句子的首字eg.This is my book3.地名北京 Beijing 上海 Shanghai4.人名Wang Dazui Tom5.月份 星期 节日五月 May 六月 June星期一Monday 星期二Tuesday春节 Spring Festival中秋节 Middle-autumn day元音字母有A a, E e,O o,I i,U u二、冠词1.冠词有：a 、an 、the2.冠词分为：不定冠词：a、an定冠词：t

2、he3.冠词的用法： a/an 都表示一个 an 用在单词发音中元音音标开头的单词 a 用在单词发音中辅音音标开头的单词 a/an 第一次提到 the 再次提到eg. an orange /CrIndV/an apple /Apl/4.定冠词 the 的用法(5种)：.特指某些人或物eg.The book on the desk is mine.双方都知道的人或事物 eg.Open the door, please.指上文提到的人或事物eg. He lives on a farm, the farm is not big.世界上独一无二的事物前eg. The sun is bigger tha

3、n the moon.形容词最高级前Eg:The island is the biggest of the three.5不用冠词的情况:星期、月份、季节、节日前不用，但中国传统节日要用the.on Monday 在星期一in June 在六月in spring 在春天at Christmas 在圣诞节on the Mid-Autumn Day 在中秋节 . 国家城市不用thein Shenyang 在沈阳. 称呼头衔前不用Mr.Wang 王先生例题：冠词 （a/an）1.I have _ book.2._ cat can catch insect.3.Lucy spends _ hour d

4、oing her homework everyday.4.Bobs father is _ engineer.5.John is _ honest boy.6._ apple _day keeps the doctor away.7.Lets have _ rest for _ while.8.Mother bought me_uniform yesterday.9.I have _ pencil. _ (a, the) pencils is red.10._(a, the /) sun is shining brightly in _ (a, the, /) sky.11._ (a, the

5、) dictionary on _ (a, the) desk is mine.12.Is _ (the, /) Mary (a, the,/) youngest girl in our class.13.Can you play (a, an, the, /) violin?14.We go to school by (a, the, /) bike in (a, an, the) morning every day.根据所学知识用a, an,the, / 填空My name is _ Michael.Im in _ grade three this term. My mother is _

6、doctor and my father is _actor. Today is _ Saturday.Now, my father is talking on _ phone. My mother is _ having breakfast. My grandmother is watering _ flowers in _ garden and Im watching _ TV. Look! This is my zone. There is _ beautiful umbrella in my bedroom. I like _ umbrella very much because I

7、bought it in _Paris. These are all my presents. 第二课 名词一、概念：表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称二、名词的分类：可数名词，不可数名词可数名词:指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西不可数名词:不能用数字计算的举例：学生、车、房子、北方。三、常用的不可数名词：water fruit ice juice rice ink (与水有关的）money food bread coffee sugar milk(拿钱买的食物有吃的面包喝的咖啡，咖啡有点苦于是又买的糖和牛奶）meat beef pork mutton clothes soap（买的肉

8、有牛肉 猪肉 羊肉 吃的时候把衣服弄了于是买了肥皂）hair paper ink grass(上学时整理好了头发,买的纸、草 墨水）不可数名词四、即可充当可数名词又可当不可数名词的有：chicken鸡（可数) 鸡肉(不可数)duck 鸭子(可数 ) 鸭肉(不可数)lamb (羔羊) foods 各类食物fruits 各类水果 fishes 鱼类五、单复数同形：即单数和复数的写法一样。单复数同形的词常有：sheep (绵羊) deer (鹿) fish (鱼)Chinese(中国人)Japanese (日本人)六、可数名词变复数：规则1，直接加s：balloon balloons boyboys

9、doll dolls bookbooks规则2：以s. x ch sh结尾的加es:box boxes watch watchesbus buses dish dishes则3:以o结尾的有生命的加es,无生命的加s:tomato tomatoes hero heroespotato potatoes 口诀：英雄喜欢吃西红柿和土豆注意：photo photos (照片)规则4：以f,fe结尾变f, fe为veslife变lives knife变knivesleaf变leaves wolf变wolveswife变wives thief变thivesshelf变shelves wife变wives

10、记忆小口诀:妻子持刀去宰狼，吓的小偷发了荒躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光规则五：以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加esbaby变babies factory变factoriescountry变 countries记忆小口诀：小孩去了乡村的工厂不规则名词变复数：tooth变teeth foot变feetgoose变geese小口诀：双脚白鹅和牙齿oo都要变ee判断下列划线部分单词是可数名词还是不可数名词。Y(可数) N(不可数)I would like a glass ( ) of water.( )2. I bought dad a can ( ) of beer ( ).3. Do you kn

11、owAlices telephone( ) number( )?4. Is the ring ( ) made of gold ( )?5. There is a fish ( ) in the water( ).6. The Chinese ( ) love tea ( ).7. The coffee ( ) on the table () is for you.8. The pen is out of ink.( )9. Do you take some sugar ( ) with your milk ( )?10. Bob lost a lot of blood( ) in the w

12、ar.11. Mom bought a bag ( ) of rice ( ) yesterday.二、 写出下列名词复数形式1.desk 2. boat 3. map4.dish 5.class 6.church7.dress 8.page 9.boy10.hero 11.potato 12.radio13.party 14.factory 15.leaf16.shelf 17man 18.tooth19.child 20.deer 21.school22.beach 23.baby介词：in at on outside记忆小口诀：年月前面要用 in ，上午下午要用 in，午夜中午用at ，

13、at用在点钟前 在家也要用at在早上 in the morning在下午 in the afternoon在傍晚 in the evening在中午 at noon在晚上 at night在8：00 钟 at 8：00 Oclock在家 at home国家、城市、季节用in在中国in China 在沈阳in Shenyang在春天 in springoutside 在 外面outside the school gate在学校大门口外边behind在的后面Sheep is behind the wolf懒洋洋在灰太狼的后面习题：The hen is sitting _ its eggs.(坐在鸡

14、蛋上)2.Peter sits _ Susan in the classroom. (Peter坐在Susan后面)3.A cat is climbing _ the tree.(猫在爬树)4.I have an ache _ my arm.5.Can you come to teachus _ Sunday.6.Whats the weather _ today?7.Sam, can you swim _ the river.8.How did they come here? Mum _ air.第三课 代词一、概念:代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词二、分类：指示代词和人称代词1

15、.指示代词：用来指示或标识人或事物的代词(这个)表示单数 that(那个)表示单数this box that box thisthese这些 表示复数 those boxesthose(那些)表示复数 these boxes总结：this that 作主语，谓语动词用单数，名词用单数形式these those作主语，谓语动词用复数，名词用复数形式这是一只猫 This is a cat那是一只猫 That is a cat这是些猫 These are cats那是些猫 Those are cats指示代词：this(这个)，these(这些), that(那个) ,those(那些)eg. 1.

16、 _ is a zebra. 这是一只斑马2. _ is a kangaroo. 那是一只袋鼠3. _ are goats. _ are sheep.这些是山羊，那些是绵羊4. Hello, Lucy! _ is my classmate, Cathy. 你好露西， 这是我的同学凯茜。This girl is Mary/This is Mary这个女孩是玛丽/这是玛丽That girl is Mary/That is Mary那女孩是玛丽/那是玛丽Those girls are my friends/那些女孩是我的朋友/那些是我的朋友These girls are my friends/这些女

17、孩是我的朋友/这些是我的朋友2.人称代词充当名词作主语第一人称 我I 我们 we第二人称 你you 你们 you第三人称 他/她/它he/she/it 他们themam a sheepIt is a wolfThey are boys and girlsHe is a policeShe is a teacher人称代词充当宾语放在动词后第一人称 我me 我们we第二人称 你you 你们you第三人称 他/她/它him/her/it 他们themThank you very muchGive us some drinksGive me some bananasI take her to the

18、 garden人称代词充当形容词第一人称 我的 my 我们的our第二人称 你的your 你们的your第三人称 他的/她的/它的his/her/its他们的 theirHer father is a doctorThis is his cartoon bookThey are their booksThis is my houseThis is your bag人称代词充当名词第一人称 我的mine 我们的ours第二人称 你的yours 你们的yours第三人称 他的/她的/它的his/hers/its他们的theirsThis cartoon book is his.This house

19、 is mine.This bag is yours. 人称第一人称第二人称第三人称代词及be动词用法单数复数单数复数单数复数主格Iweyouyoushe/he/itthey宾格meusyouyouher/him/itthem形容词性物主代词myouryouryourher/his/itstheir名词性物主代词mineoursyoursyourshers/his/itstheirsBe动词现在时amareareareisareBe动词过去时waswerewerewerewaswerebe动词与人称代词结合使用小口诀：我(I)用am，你(you)用are，is 跟着他(he)，她(she)，它

20、(it).单数用is，复数用are用正确的人称代词填空1 _ am Jim Green. You can call _Jim.2 Miss White is our teacher. _teachers _ English.3Where are my keys? I cant find _.4This is _ brother. (I)5.Show me _book (you).6.Open _mouth (you)7.What can I do for _ , Sir?8.Dad bought _ a computer.We are very happy.9.Henry and Dick a

21、re friends. _ often play basketball together.10._ is ten oclock _ should go to bed, Sue.10. Im a student.This is _ school bag.11.Look at the dog._ tail is brown.12. Boys and girls, open _ books and turn to page 26.用正确的物主代词填空4 Hello, Lucy! _is my classmate Cathy.你好露西，这是我的同学凯茜。5 John didnt pass the ex

22、am._made his teacher very angry. 约翰没通过这次考试，这令他的老师很生气。6 Taste _,Its delicious. 尝尝这个，那是美味的。第四课 动词一、 动词分为：be动词：am,is,are情态动词can,may,must,do ,does感官动词feel,smell,taste.sound实义动词：剩余为实义动词。如跑、跳助动词+形容词be动词+形容词/名词She is a good girl.她是一个好女孩we are good friends我们是好朋友I am a teacher我是一名老师情态动词+动词原形I can sing. 我能唱歌S

23、he must be a teacher.He can get a pen.他能得到一只铅笔Peter can drive a car peter.能开车我可以问你几个问题吗May I ask you some questions实义动词：即行为动词,表示动作的动词My watch stopped.我的表停了。It happened in June 1932. 这件事发生于一九三二年六月。二、动词变化规则当主语是单数时动词的第三人称变化规则1：直接加s例如like/look规则2：以s,x,sh,ch结尾+es ；例如teach规则3：以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加es例如：fly study

24、规则4：以o结尾加es 例如：go do注意：have的单数是has他有一个儿子 He has a son.她想要一本书She wants a book.李明每周买一本书Li Ming buys a bike every week.我妈妈有两个儿子My mother has two sons.三、判断谓语动词单复数当主语是he/she/it及一个人或物还有不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。当主语是we you they 及复数名词时谓语动词用复数Sheep and wolf are in the same class喜洋洋和灰太狼是在同一个教室They have many interesting b

25、ooks他们有很多有趣的书Our mother is a good teacher我们的妈妈是一名好老师Chicken is very delicious food鸡肉是非常可口的食物判断下列划线词的词性，选出正确答案A 实义动词 B 助动词 C 系动词1.He can swim.( )2. Her face turned red.( )3. Miss Li was sitting on the sofa watching TV. ( ) ( )4.Susan did her hair in front of the mirror. ( )5. The children were playin

26、g on the ground. ( )二写出下列动词第三人称单数现在时1.buy_2.catch_3.cry_4.go_5.try_6.finish_7.hurry_8.cross_9.mix_10.punish_11.fix_12.watch_13.dress_14.write_15.wash_16teach_三写出下列词的分词形式1.do 2.like 3.plan4.drop 5.dance 6.go7.begin 8.build 9.like10.eat 11.make 12.move13.feel 14.sell 15.pay16.sing 17.say 18.give19.win

27、 20.run第五课 复习1.a、an的用法_pear _ apple _book一小时 一个女孩 一把伞2.可数名词的复数变化规则以o结尾的以f、fe结尾的一般情况的变化以x，s，sh，ch结尾的以e结尾的goose tooth foot 的复数3.写出单复数同形的词4.即可充当可数名词又可充当不可数名词5.man woman child的复数6.在早上 在下午在傍晚 在中午在晚上 在8：00 钟7.写出下列单词的复数形式orange class text pianoshelf family Japanesefoot bed fox phototomato woman kniferadio child sheeptoy country1 .There _ on the wall. They are very beautiful.A are photoes B are photos C is a photo D is photos2 .That