新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册课后翻译答案及原文文档格式.docx

1、s treasure house of culture and art.孟母教子孟子幼时家迁居墓地附近，耳濡目染的尽是些丧葬礼仪的事情，他就和小朋友一起模仿着挖墓筑坟的祭奠。孟母感到长此下去对儿子的教育不利，于是就搬家了。新居靠近集市，孟子又学着商人做买卖，怎样和商人讨价还价，孟母不愿意自己的孩子长大成个商人，于是又搬家了。第三次的新居在学校附近，孟子就跟着学生学习诗书礼仪，揖让推进，等等。孟母认为找到了理想的地方，于是决定在这里长住下去。由此可见，孟母深知环境对孩子成长的影响。这就是“孟母三迁”故事的由来。孟子逐渐成长，一次未到放学时间就回家了，孟母把他叫到织布机旁，让他看自己织布。织了很长

2、一段时间，孟母突然用刀子把布割断，孟子不明白怎么回事，连忙问母亲究竟。这时孟母耐心地对他说：“你学习半途而废，就如同把这本来可以织成完整的一匹布割断是一个道理。”母亲的谆谆教导深深地印在孟子的脑海之中，从此他发奋图强，刻苦读书，终于成了战国时期，也是我国历史上著名的思想家、教育家。How Mencius Mother Teaches Her SonWhen Mencius was young, his family lived near a cemetery,fully exposed tofuneral ceremonies. He and his playmates imitated bu

3、rying and mourning proceedings. Mencius mother thought thesurroundingswere not good for his education so she decided to move. They moved to a place next to a fair, and Menciusbegan to learn the ways of business people, bargaining and haggling. His mother didnt want her son to become a businessman so

4、 she moved again. This time they moved into the house near a school, and Mencius began to learnthe Classics and etiquettealong with the students. His mother thought this was the right place for him and decided to stay there for good. This shows that Mencius mother realized the importance of environm

5、ent for childrens growing up. These are the stories about how “Mencius mother moved three times.”One day, Mencius came back home before school let out. His mother called him to the loom side and let him watch her weaving. After a long time, she suddenly cut the cloth she had wovenwith a knife, much

6、to Mencius bewilderment. When Mencius asked, his mother explained, “If you quit school half way, its like my cutting the cloth before it is completed.” Mothers words were firmly branded in the sons mind. From then on, he studied assiduously and became a great thinker and educator of the Warring Stat

7、es Period and he has been remembered as such throughout Chinese history.Unit 2A MOOC （massive open online course） is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web. MOOCs are a recent development in distance education and have now become a surging trend in higher educa

8、tion. These classes are aimed at expanding a universitys reach from thousands of tuition-paying students who live in town, to millions of students around the world. In addition to traditional course materials, MOOCs provide interactive user forums to support interactions between students and profess

9、ors. MOOCs can encourage communication among participants who bring a variety of viewpoints, knowledge, and skills to the course; inspire people to try on subjects that they wouldntotherwise pursue or even try on education itself; provide multiple ways to engage with course material, encouraging mul

10、timodal （多模式的） learning that can address the needs of learners with a variety of learning styles; and inspire better teaching and use of technologies for face-to-face courses.慕课是一种网络课程，它旨在通过网络实现广泛参与和开放接入。慕课是远程教育迈出的最新一步，现已在高等教育领域迅速引领潮流。通过这些课程，大学可以扩大影响的范围，从影响成千上万住在城里付学费的学生，扩展到惠及全球上百万的学生。除了拥有传统的课程资料，慕课

11、还给使用者提供互动论坛，支持学生和讲师之间的交流。慕课能够促进参与者之间的交流，使得多种观点、知识和技能涌现到课堂上来；它鼓励人们尝试之前不可能尝试的课程，甚至是尝试新的教育方式；它提供多种学习课程资料的方式，鼓励多模式学习，以各种学习风格满足学习者的需求；另外，慕课促进教学的改善，使技术在面对面授课中得以更好地应用。近年来，随着互联网技术的发展，我国的数字化教育资源建设取得了巨大的成就。很多高校建立了自己的数字化学习平台，数字化教学在教育中发挥着越来越大的作用。和传统教学方式相比，数字化教学方式有很大的优势。一方面，数字化教学使教学资源得以全球共享；另一方面，它拓展了学习者的学习时间和空间，

12、人们可以随时随地通过互联网进入数字化的虚拟学校学习。这使得人类从接受一次性教育走向终身学习成为可能。Inrecentyears,with the development ofInternet technology, theconstructionofdigital education resourcesof our country hasmade great achievements. Manyuniversitieshaveset uptheir own digital learningplatforms, anddigital teaching isplaying anincreasing

13、lyimportantrolein education.Compared withthe traditional way of teaching, the digital way has a lot of advantages.Onone hand, digital teachingmakesglobal sharingof teaching resourcespossible; on the other hand, itexpands the learners study time and space to learn, allowing people toget access tothe

14、digitalvirtual schoolsthroughthe Internet anytime and anywhere. These advantages make it possible for people toshiftfromone-time learningtolifelong learning.Unit 3As anpart oftheAmerican culture value system, individualism isadmired by most American people. Americansviewthe family as agroupwhoseprim

15、arypurpose isadvancehappinessindividualmembers.In contrast tomany other cultures,the primary responsibility ofthe American family member is notto advance the family as a group,eithersociallyoreconomically.What would be best for the family isnot usually considered to be as important as what would be

16、best for the individual.Withfreedomcomesresponsibilitycare foroneself, forit is the freedom of choice thatcarrieswith it the responsibility: to accept theconsequences of the choices. Many Americans give their children a lot of freedom because they want them to beindependentandself-reliant.Along with

17、the American emphasis on individual freedom, the beliefin equality between parents and children also has had a strongeffecton the family.作为美国文化价值体系的一个重要组成部分，个人主义受到大多数美国人的推崇。美国人认为家庭作为一个群体，其主要目的是促进家庭各成员的幸福。与许多其他文化相比，美国家庭成员的主要职责，不是在社会上或经济上提高整个家庭的地位。人们通常认为，什么是对个人最好的要比什么是对家庭最好的更为重要。与自由相伴而来的是照顾自己的责任，因为所选择

18、的自由承载了责任，即必须接受自己的选择所带来的后果。许多美国人给他们的孩子很多的自由，因为他们希望孩子们能够独立和自主。在美国人强调个人自由的同时，父母与孩子间平等的信念也对美国家庭产生了巨大的影响。孝道（filial piety）是中国古代社会的基本道德规范（code of ethics）。中国人把孝视为人格之本、家庭和睦之本、国家安康之本。由于孝道是儒家伦理思想的核心，它成了中国社会千百年来维系家庭关系的道德准则。它毫无疑问是中华民族的一种传统美德。孝道文化是一个复合概念，内容丰富，涉及面广。它既有文化理念，又有制度礼仪（institutional etiquette）。一般来说，它指社会

19、要求子女对父母应尽的义务，包括尊敬、关爱、赡养老人等等。孝道是古老的东方文明之根本。Filial pietyis thebasic code of ethicsin ancient Chinese society. Chinese people consider filial piety as theessenceof a personsintegrity, family harmony, and the nationwell-being. With filial piety being the core ofConfucian ethics, it has been themoral sta

20、ndardfor the Chinese society to maintain the family relationship for thousands of years. Its undoubtedly a traditional Chinesevirtue. The culture of filial piety is a complex concept,rich in contentwide in range. It includes not only cultural ideas but also institutional etiquettes. Generally speaki

21、ng, it refers to the obligation of children to their parents required by the society, including respect, care, support for the elderly and so forth. Filial piety isfundamentalto the ancient Orientalcivilization.Unit 4Valentines Day on February 14is celebratedinvariousAmericanand European countries.I

22、t is a holiday oflove andromanceusuallybyexchangingvalentineslove tokens between lovers.There are different originsregardingfestival.One legend goes thatthe Romansput a priestnamedSaintValentineinto prisonforrefusing tobelieve inthe Roman gods. On February 14, Valentinewas put to deathnot onlybecaus

23、e he wasChristian,butalso because he hadcured the jailerdaughterblindness. The night before he wasexecutedhe wrote hera farewelllettersignedFrom your Valentine. Later, February 14 became a holiday for people toshow affection fortheir loved ones.Today,people celebrate Valentines Day in different ways

24、, sendinggreeting cardsand flowers, giving chocolate or other gifts, orjoiningin romantic dinners. The holiday has now become popular all over the world. In China the festivalisalso becomingpopular withyoung people.美洲和欧洲各国都会庆祝2月14日的情人节。这是一个充满爱情和浪漫的节日，恋人之间通常都会交换情人卡和爱情信物。关于这个节日的起源有着不同的说法。一个传说是罗马人把一个叫圣

25、瓦伦丁的神父关进了监狱，因为他拒绝相信罗马神。2月14日那天，瓦伦丁被处死，不仅因为他是基督徒，而且因为他曾治愈了一位监狱看守双目失明的女儿。他在被处死的前一天晚上给她写了一封署名“你的瓦伦丁”的告别信。后来，2月14日就成了一个人们可以为他们的情人展示感情的节日。现在，人们以不同的方式庆祝情人节，他们发送贺卡、鲜花，赠送巧克力或其他礼品，或共进浪漫的晚餐。现在这个节日已流行世界各地。在中国，这个节日也正越来越受年轻人的欢迎。农历七月初七是中国的七夕节，是中国传统节日中最具浪漫色彩的一个节日。一些大的商家每年都举办不同的活动，年轻人也送礼物给他们的情人。因此，七夕节被认为是中国的“情人节”。七夕节来自牛郎与织女的传说。相传，每年的这个夜晚，