初高中英语语法专题介词及答案.docx

1、初高中英语语法专题介词及答案英语语法专题（词法）高频介词短语（高考八大重点词性: 名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词）一、介词的分类分类特点例词简单介词即一个介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等合成介词由两个介词构成的合成词into, onto, throughout, upon, within短语介词由短语构成according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to

2、等双重介词由两个介词搭配而成from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等分词介词由现在分词转化而来considering, regarding（就而论）, including，concerning等兼类介词由形容词直接转化而来like, unlike, near, next, opposite等二、介词短语的语法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语的功能例句作定语They didnt find the s

3、olutionto the problem.作状语We have breakfastat seven.（表时间）They were late for the meetingbecause of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you meanby doing such a thing?（表方法）Nothing in the world could livewithout air or water.（表条件）作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were notat home.作宾语补足语I found the old

4、buildingin a bad condition.三、表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别介词（短语）表示的概念例子inonatat在一个时间点上；in在一段时间之内；on在具体某一天或具体的上午、下午、晚上。at 8 oclock, at noonin the 1990s, in Januaryon Monday, on a warm morningsincefromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用；from指从时间的某一点开始。We have not seen each othersince 1995.I hope to do morning exercises f

5、rom today.in,afterin指在一段时间之后，用于一般将来时，也可以指一段时间之内=within；after表示某一具体时间点之后，用于一般过去时。Well be back in three days.Afterseven the rain began to fall.in the endat the end ofby the end ofin the end作“最后”、“终于”解，单独作句子成分，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时

6、间。不可单独使用。In the end they reached a place of safety.At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.By the end of last month he had finished the novel.betweenamong一般说来，between表示两者之间；among用于三者或三者以上之间。You are to sit between your father an

7、d me.He is always happy among his classmates.注意: 但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时，要用between。Agreements were made between thedifferent countries.The little valley lies between high mountains.They dont know the difference between wheat, rice and coin.inontoin表示在某范围内；

8、on指与什么毗邻；to指在某范围之外。Changchun is in the northeast of China.Mongolia is on the north of China.Japan is to the east of China.oninon只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。There is a book on the piece of paper.There is an interesting article in thenewspaper. He dug a hole in the wall.inintoin通常表示位置（静态）；into表示动向，不表示目的地

9、或位置。We walked in the park.We walked into the park.throughacrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。Water flows through the pipe.The old man walked across the street.in the corneron the cornerat the cornerin the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the

10、 corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。The lamp stands in the corner of the room.I met with him at the street corner.He sat on the corner of the table.besidesexceptbutexcept forbesides指“除了还有；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似，表示“除了.外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“除.外，撇开”

11、。All went out except me.I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.at+名词at dinner/table 在吃饭at work 在工作at war 交战at cards 在玩牌at work 在办公at play 在玩耍at rest 在休息at school 在上学at press 正在排印at church 在做礼拜beyond+名词beyond belief 难以置信beyond control 无

12、法控制beyond compare 无可比拟beyonddeion难以形容beyond expression 无法表达beyond suspicion 无可怀疑in+名词或in +名词+of+名词in the army 在当兵in need of需要in action 在运转in progress 在进行in operation 在运行中in use 开始使用in sight 看得见in store 贮藏着in course of construction 正在兴建当中in（good）repair 维修良好的in course of shipment 定的货正在运输途中in charge of

13、负责in the charge of由负责in possession of拥有in the possession of被拥有on+名词on business 办事/出差on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假on watch 值班on duty 值勤/日on guard 在值勤on strike 在罢工on sale 出售on loan 借贷on the move 在移动，搬迁，离开on the march 在行军on the air 在广播on fire 在燃烧on trial 在试用on show/display/exhibition 在展出under+名词under c

14、ontrol 在被控制之中under discussion 在被讨论中under development 在被发展中under observation 在被观察中under test 在被测试under construction 在被建设中under fire 在炮火中under examination 在被检查/调查中under consideration 在被考虑中under repair 在被修理中under arrest 被被逮捕中under attack 在被袭击中under medical treatment 在被治疗中under study 在被研究中其他against ones

15、 opinion 反对某人的见解for ones opinion 同意某人的见解above reproach 无可指责，无可非议above suspicion 不受怀疑above criticism 无可指责at the mercy of 在支配下；任由摆布for sale 供出售for rent 供出租within sight 看得见四、容易混淆的介词固定搭配的词组类型举例差一冠词，大相径庭in front of（在前面）in the front of（在前部）in charge of（负责）in the charge of（由负责）out of question（毫无疑问）out of t

16、he question（不可能）at table（在吃饭；在吃饭时）at the table（在桌子旁边）有无介词，意义不同know sb.认识某人know about sb.了解某人shoot sb.击中某人shoot at sb.向某人射击search sb.搜身search for sb.搜寻某人believe sb.相信某人的话believe in sb.信任某人的人格benefit sb.使某人受益benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处画蛇添足，误加介词serve the people 为人民服务（容易在serve后加for）enter the room 进入房间（容易在

17、enter后加into）follow me 跟在我后面（容易在follow后加behind）marry sb. 与某人结婚（容易在marry后加with）go abroad 出国（容易在go后面加to）live upstairs 住在楼上（容易在live后面加 in）母语思维，误用介词becaught in the rain 被雨淋着（不用by）leavefor some place 动身去某地（不用to）setanexample to sb.为某人树立榜样（不用for）inthedirection朝着方向（不用to）doafavor for sb. 帮某人一个忙（不用to）different

18、 from和不同（不用with）with the help of在的帮助下（不用under）steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西（不用of）read sth. to sb. 给（为）读（念）（不用for）高考真题训练一、单项选择1（2018湖南省长沙市一中二模）The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen _ immediately.A. to B. at C. on D. with2（2017河北省唐山一中二模）It is reported that a merchant ship sank

19、fifty miles _ the French coast. A. on B. by C. along D. off3（2017吉林省实验中学二模）Measures have been taken to solve the problem, but it may be some time _ the situation improves. A. since B. when C. unless D. before4（2017江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）The fire spread fastLuckily the local government had brought it under con

20、trol _ the situation got worseAthough Buntil Cbefore Dsince5（2018哈尔滨联考）We should talk about the things_the childrens understanding in a simple way.Aover Bbeyond Cabove Dunder6（2018宁夏银川一中月考）Eventually，the President had to leave office_public pressure in order to ease the tension of the situation.Ain

21、favor of Bin response to Cin return for Din honour of【解析】in response to表示“作为的回应” in favor of赞同in return for表示“作为的回报” in honour of为纪念。7（2018绵阳中学期中测试）When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in，people present all burst_laughing while he burst_tears.Ainto；in Binto；out Cout；into Dout；in【解析】burst out

22、 laughing表示“突然大笑起来”burst into tears表示“突然大哭起来”8（2018江西师大附中、临川一中联考）Lets look up the word in the dictionary.Do you have one_?Ain hand Bin need Cat once Don your hands【解析】in hand在手边 in need需要at once马上 on ones hands由某人负责9（2018海淀一模）Once made out，the plan must be carried out_any difficulty.Aregardless of B

23、instead of Cbecause of Din need of【解析】regardless of不管，无论如何 instead of代替，而不是because of因为 in need of需要10（2018安徽示范性高中联考二）Our city is more open to the outside and ranks No.2 in the country_the level of internationalization.Ain honor of Bin terms of Cin place of D.in charge of【解析】in terms of 在方面，就而言 in h

24、onor of向表示敬意in place of取代 in charge of负责。11（2018东城检测一）Students should be able to think for themselves_just obeying teachers.Ain case of Bbesides Cexcept Dinstead of12（2018西城3月）Where shall we go to spend the weekend?Nowhere_, anywhere you like.Ain all Bin general Cin case Din particular【解析】in all总共 i

25、n general总的来说，一般来说in case以防，万一 in particular尤其，特别。13（2018东城第一学期检测）Pleasant music is often played_classes to make students refreshed and relaxed for a while.Abetween Bamong Cover Dafter【解析】between表示在两者之间among表示在三者及三者以上之间over强调在期间14（2018江西五校联考）When we went boating on the lake that morning, it turned o

26、ut fine, _, very calm, without any wind.Aexcept Bincluding Cbut Dbesides【解析】except除之外 including包括but除之外，通常位于不定代词后 besides除之外还有15（2018成都第二次诊断）For holidays, many people visit those islands_the coast of Australia.Ain Bon Coff Dof【解析】on the coast意为“在沿海地区” off the coast意为“在近海”16（2018 石家庄联考）_the latest es

27、timates，insects account for probably 4 to 6 million of the species of creatures living on the planet.AOwing to BAccording to CIn spite of DIn case of17（2018华师大附中3月测试）How long have these archaeologists stayed in this village?Not long，just_this Monday.Aon Buntil Cafter Dsince【解析】考查介词。依据问句可知是现在完成时，而A、B

28、、C三个选项都不能与现在完成时连用，只有since与过去时间点连用时用现在完成时，故D正确。18（2018郑州一模）The man was hit_thehead_a stone while traveling in the mountain.Aon；with Bin；by Con；by Din；with19（2018湖北重点中学第二次联考）The survivors of the crashed plane had no food or water and were_the extreme cold weather.Ain the possession of Bin the charge o

29、f Cat the mercy of Dat the risk of【解析】in the possession of被拥有 in the charge of由负责at the mercy of受/听任摆布 at the risk of冒的危险二、短文改错（2017广州二模）Dear Chris, Are you interested in coming with me to see a famous opera? It will performed at the Guangzhou Opera House at 2pm in May Day. I know you took great interest in Chinese culture, especially local opera. I think the perform will not only leave you with an unforgettably impression, but satisfy your interest in Chinese opera as well. If you can come, I