初一期末知识清单.docx

1、初一期末知识清单Unit 1- Unit 8期末复习知识清单Unit1序号单词中文拓展1German （n/adj）德语；德国人；德国的Germany（n）德国2sound （n/v）声音；听起来Sth. sounds +形3complete （v）完成近：finish4hobby （n ）爱好复：hobbies5elder （adj）年长的区分：older6friendly （adj）友好的Be friendly to7 yourself (pron)你自己Enjoy oneself序号英文中文1would like to do sth. = want to do sth.想要做某事2clo

2、se to = near = next to接近3be good at = do well in擅长,在.(方面)做得好4make friends with 与.交朋友5be friendly to对.友好的6hear from收到的来信Unit2序号单词中文拓展1daily （adj）日常的；平常的daily life = everyday life2always （adv）总是3usually（adv）通常4often（adv）经常5sometimes（adv）有时6seldom（adv）很少7hardly（adv）几乎不8never（adv）从不9break （n）休息Have a br

3、eak = have a rest10Enjoy （v）喜欢；享受enjoy oneself = have a good time = have fun11different（adj）不同的Be different from序号英文中文1on foot 步行拓展：by bus2take part in = join in = attend参加3send sth. to sb.=send sb. sth. 给某人送某物4arrive at = get to = reach 到达5help sb. with sth. / help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事6one of the

4、best +名词复数最好的.之一Unit3序号单词中文拓展1 earth （n.）地球on Earth2protect （v.）保护Protection （n.）3provide （v.）提供4pollution （n.）污染Pollute （v.）5must （v.）必须Must + 动原6important （adj.）重要的7fact （n.）事实In fact 事实上8few （adj.）几乎没有a few, a little, little序号英文中文1Provide sb. with sth / provide sth for sb提供某人某物2Stop doing sth.停止做

5、.3It is +形 + (for sb) to do sth对于某人来说，做某事是.4It is +形 + of sb to do sth某人.,做了某事Unit4序号单词中文拓展1wet (adj.)湿的dry2everything (pron)所有事物Nothing, something, anything3trip (n.)旅行Take a trip4brightly (adv.)明亮地Bright (adj)5picnic (n.)野餐go on / have a picnic6snowy (adj.)多雪的Sunny, windy, cloudy,rainy7spend (v.)花

6、费Spend time/money in doing sth8relative (n.)亲戚序号英文中文1make a snowman堆雪人2go swimming去游泳3spend time with sb.和一起度过4at this time of year在每年的这个时候Unit5-6单词序号单词中文拓展1nervous（adj.）紧张的adj. nervously神经质地，焦急地 n. nervousness 神经质，胆小，焦躁2leave（v.）离开left-left3able（adj.）能；能够n. ability 能力4without（prep.）没有；缺乏without （do

7、ing）sth 5weak（adj.）虚弱的；无力的n. weakness 虚弱6breathe（v.）呼吸n. breath 呼吸7work（v.）运转，运行n. work 工作8Asia（n.）亚洲adj. Asian 亚洲的，亚洲人的，9traditional（adj.）传统的n. tradition 传统10modern（adj.）现代的；近代的；现代化的反义词: ancient 古代的11across（prep.）在对面；在.对过v. cross 穿过12light（v.）照亮；使明亮n. 灯光，右边13direction（n.）方向v. direct 引路，导演 adj. dire

8、ct直接的 adv. direct直接地 14natural（adj.）自然地，天然的n. nature 大自然，自然界 15beauty（n.）美；美丽adj. beautiful 美丽的，漂亮的16centre（n.）中心，中央adj. central 中央的，中心的，核心的Unit5-6短语序号短语中文1more than多于2be able to能够3have to不得不；必须4so that以便, 为了5a large amount of大量的6take photos拍照7as as像一样；如同8such as例如9travel guide旅游手册10place of interes

9、t名胜11in the centre of在的中心12light up点亮；照亮13give sb. advice给某人建议14It ismeters/kilometers from to距离有多远？15be made in 产于某地be made by由制做be made from由制成（看不出原材料） be made of由制成（看得出原材料 ） be made into被制成16talk about 谈论talk with 与某人交谈（一方主动和对方说话）talk to与某人交谈（双方互动在交谈）Unit 7序号单词中文拓展1fair (n.) 展览会；展销会fair adj. 公平的

10、unfair adj. 不公平的 fairly adv. 公平地2power (n.)能；能量powerful adj. 强有力的，强大的3attend (v.) 参加同义：take part in, join, join in4teach (v.) 教；讲授三单teaches-过去式taught-过去分词taught5disappear (v.) 消失；消散disappearance n. 消失 appear v. 出现 6surprised (adj.) 吃惊的；感到惊讶的surprise v. 使惊奇 surprise n. 惊奇 surprising adj. 令人惊奇的7amazin

11、g (adj.) 令人大为惊奇的amazed adj. 感到惊奇的8boring (adj.) 令人厌倦（或厌烦）的；乏味的bored adj. 感到厌烦的9information (n.)消息；资料inform v. 通知10recent (adj.) 近来的；新近的recently adv. 最近1learn about学习2all the way一路上；自始至终3of course当然4remote control遥控器5look up（在字典或参考书中）查阅，查检6. teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事7.attend a meeting 参加会议8.be surp

12、rised to do sth. / at doing sth.做某事感到吃惊9.be bored with 对感到厌烦10.so + adj. / adv. + that 如此以致于11.It is time (for sb.) to do sth. 到了（某人）做的时候了12.It is time for sth. 到了的时候了13.cant wait for sth. / to do sth. 等不及，非常期待Unit 8序号单词中文拓展1unusual (adj.)与众不同的，不寻常的 usual adj. 通常的，惯常的 usually adv. 经常2interview (n.&v

13、. )采访interviewer n. 面试官 interviewee n. 面试者3push v.按，摁，推反义： pull v. 拉4inside adv. 向里面outside adv. 向外面5follow v.跟随following adj. 下列的 n. 下列事项6hardly adv.几乎不，几乎没有hard adj. 坚硬的；难懂的；努力的；困难的 adv. 努力地；猛烈地7free adj.空闲的，自由的，免费的freely adv. 自由地；直率地 freedom n. 自由8really adv.（强调观点等）确实，的确real adj. 真的9over adv.以上，大

14、于，多于同义： more than 超过，多于1living room客厅2be bad for对有害的3be interested in对感兴趣4work or art（绘画、雕塑等）艺术作品5take place发生6thank you / thanks for (doing) sth. 因而感谢 (for 后接名词、代词或动名词)7call at place 拜访某地8call on sb. 拜访某人9sb. spend (in) doing sth. 某人花费时间（或金钱）做某事10What do you think of? 你觉得怎么样？Unit1疑问词意思用法例句who谁问人的身份

15、，姓名Who is he?He is Jim.what什么问人的职业或事物What is he?He is a worker.which哪一个问一定范围内特指的人或物，表选择Which box is yours?The big box is mine. whose谁的问所属关系Whose book is this? This is her book. when什么时候问时间When do you play games?We play games in the afternoon?where什么地方问地点Where do you play games on Sunday?We play game

16、s at home on Sunday?why为什么问原因Why isnt he at school today?He isnt at school today because he is ill. how怎样问健康状况、做事的方式等How is he? He is fine/strong. How do you go home? I go home by bike. How many多少跟复数名词，问数量How many boys are there in your class?There are thirty boys in my class. How much多少跟不可数名词问数量或价钱

17、There is some milk in the bottle.How much milk is there in the bottle?二、不定冠词 a/an1、不定冠词有a和an两个,表示“一个”,“一类”或“一”,可以说是单数名词的帽子,用于单数名词之前。区别Examplea 的用法用于辅音音素开头的单词前a bus; a student an 的用法用于元音音素开头的单词前an orange; an idea三、并列连词功能用于连接彼此并列的词、短语或句子并列连词词义备注and 和用于肯定句那么祈使句+逗号+and+将来时or 或者用于否定句及疑问句否则祈使句+逗号+or+将来时bu

18、t但是不能与though/although连用so所以不能与because连用Unit2一般现在时动词的结构（三单）一般现在时动词的变化规则。be动词行为动词用法我是am你是are，is跟着他.她.它，复数都用are。第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es。肯定式I am a student.She likes English.否定式I am not a student.She doesnt like English.疑问式Are you a student?Does she like English?简略回答Yes, I am. / No, Im not

19、.Yes, she does./ No, she doesnt.在一般现在时中，当句子的主语是第三人称单数时，具体变化规律如下：情况构成规则举例一般的动词在词尾加 slive lives, eat eats以字母s, x, sh, ch和o结尾的动词在词尾加 esgo goes 以“辅音字母+字母y”结尾的动词改词尾的y为 iescarry carries, worry worries特殊变化没有统一的规则have has 一般现在时常见时间状语遇到always, often, usually, sometimes, every day，on Sundays, at the weekend等词

20、时我们记得用一般现在时。例如：He always goes swimming on Sundays. Unit 3不可数名词液体：water、milk、coffee、tea细且多的东西：sugar、rice、hair可数名词可数名词复数变化： 规则变化构成方法单词在词尾加-sdesk-desksdog-dogs以s, x, sh, ch, 等结尾的名词之后加-esclass-classes box-boxesdish-dishes watch-watches如词尾为e，只加-shorse-horses page-pages如词尾为-f或-fe，则一般变为-vesknife-knives以辅音+

21、y结尾的名词，变y为i，再加-esfamily-families以o结尾的名词，有生命的加es,无生命的加stomato-tomatoes photo - photos 不规则变化 childchildren footfeet toothteeth mousemice manmen womanwomen 注意：由一个词加man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式同上。EnglishmanEnglishmen; FrenchmanFrenchmen;提防德国人GermanGermans 单复同形的词：fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, Japanese二、There be 句

22、型1. 定义：There be句型表示某地有某物或某时有某物，表示“存在”关系There are some ducks in the pond. 池塘里有几只鸭子。There is a meeting today. 今天有一个会议。2. 基本结构There is +单数可数 n./不可数 n.+地点/时间状语。There are+复数 n.+地点/时间状语。3. 句型肯定句there beThere is a dog in the room.否定句there be notThere is not a dog in the room.一般疑问句be 动词提前Is there a dog in t

23、he room?Unit4一、形容词的基本用法1. 用作定语 修饰somebody,something, anybody,anything, nobody, nothing等复合不定代词的形容词,作定语要后置。表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词,应放在相应的名词之后。用作表语系动词： be 动词 感官动词：taste, smell, feel, sound, look少数形容词只能作表语，如alive, asleep, alone, awake, afraid, unable等。“the形容词”泛指一类人，这样的形容词有blind, dead, old, poor, rich, young等。当

24、这样的结构用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。以-ing结尾的形容词具有主动意义，可用于人或物,表某人或某物具有让人产生的特征；以-ed结尾的形容词具有被动意义，通常用于人，表示某人具有的情绪或特征。This is a very boring book, but the boy isnt bored with it.二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1、规则变化构成原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er, -estgreat, hardgreater, hardergreatest, hardest以字母e结尾只加-r, -stnice, widenicer, widernicest, widest以一个

25、辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这一辅音字母后再加-er, -estbig, hotbigger, hotterbiggest, hottest以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y变为i再加-er, -esthappy, earlyhappier, earlierhappiest, earliest在双音节和多音节词前加more或mostdifficult,difficultlymore difficult,more difficultlymost difficult,most difficultly2、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetterbestbad, badlyworsewo

26、rstlittlelessleastmuch, manymoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、常用句型1. 原级 A + be / v. + as + 原级+ as + B，表示“A和B一样”Lucy is as old as Lily.2. 比较级 A + be / v. + 比较级 + than + B，表示“A比B” He is older than I / me. 比较级 + and + 比较级，表示“越来越” He is getting taller and taller. 他变得越来越高了。 the + 比较级，the + 比较级，表示“越，越”The more, the better. 3. 最高级 one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of，表示“最的之一” China is one of the biggest countries in the world. the + 序数词 + 最高级，表示“第最的”The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.黄河是中国第二长河。Unit5-6语法考点一、一般将来时1 .will & be going towill一般表