被动语态小结及练习Word下载.docx

1、、当人不是动作的执行者时We are all shocked by the news of his sudden death. 他的突然去世使我们大家都感到震惊。The house has been washed away by the flood.房子已被洪被动语态最常用于前两种情况：1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2强调动作的承受者。例如： 这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。二.被动语态结构 被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（pp）”。be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。

2、其具体变化为：1 一般现在时：amisarepp 一般过去时：waswere pp 一般将来时：shall will be pp过去将来时：should would be pp现在进行时：amisarebeingpp过去进行时：waswere beingpp现在完成时：havehas beenpp 过去完成时： had been pp含情态动词：情态动词bepp. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +ppOur classroom is cleaned everyday.A new shop was built last year. My bike is being repaired now.

3、A new hospital will be built in our city.He said the W.C. would be cleaned the next dayThis book has been translated into many languages.The dish had been eaten up when I got there. Young trees must be watered often. There are two books to be read. There are twenty more trees to be planted.I didnt e

4、xpect the bike to be found by police Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken 选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）（2002长沙） The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells （选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（2002四川眉山） A lot of new roads _ built in the west of Chin

5、a Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave （选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态）（2002青海） The tree _ _ by that boy（2001四川江油） （was broken） 三熟练转换 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态? 由于英汉两种语言的差异， 在主动语态变为被动语态时,有些同学常常出错。下面向大家介绍一种把主动语态变为被动语态的简便方法，把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤： 1. 先找出谓语动词； 2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语； 3. 将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；4.谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；

6、5.主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语（宾格），组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。6. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。注意变为被动语态后：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。 2.主动、被动的句式要一致。（双宾仍双宾）3.变成的被动语态在人称,数上与新主语保持一致。4被动语态的一般疑问句是将第一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。Who made the desk? Who was it made by ?Where did they grow ve

7、getables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？（2002福州）（填were；grown） 四特殊情况的被动语态：1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时. 含有双宾语的主动句变成被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语， 指“物”的直接宾语保留不变。 如：He gave me a book yesterday. I was given a book by him yesterday.如果要把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,一般在间接宾语前加to 或 for。如上句也可改为：A book was given to me b

8、y him yesterday. He told us a story（变被动语态） We were told a story（by him） 或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态） A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother （was given to）如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1）.give/pass /show 常与介词to 搭配。give sb Sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb

9、. 2）.buy/make/cook 常与介词for 搭配。 buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book I _ _ a book by him. A book _ _ _ me by him . My mother made me a cake . I _ _ a cake by my mother A cake _ _ _ me by my mother .2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。We can take good car

10、e of your children. Your children can be taken good care of This dictionary mustnt _ from the library D Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态） The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her） （填be taken good care of）（2002盐城） 3含有复合宾语的主动句在变为被动句时， 将其中的宾

11、语变成主语，宾语补足语变主补。如：Toms teacher found him a very good pupil. Tom was found a very good pupil by his teacher. 但是， 如果宾语补足语是不带to 的动词不定式， 主动语态变成被动语态时原来省略的不定式符号to要加上。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sth A girl saw my pen drop when she passed by. My pen was se

12、en to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all day by the boss. Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动语态） He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday （填was seen to）（2002贵阳）感使动词真叫怪，to在句中象妖怪，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。动词let要除外,to词可来可不来.在see /

13、hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时，doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now Tom _ _ _ by me just now .4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city. （be to do也表将来）Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C5. 情态动词的被动语态【考点】含有情态动词的被动语态结构是“情态动词+be+及物动词（短语）的过去分词

14、”。（巧记：情态动词变被动，“情态动词+be+过分”需运用。）【考例】 You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句） （must be thrown away）（2002广州） Do you believe there are aliens?Im afraid not. I dont think aliens in space. （2008年，湖北黄冈）A. can find B. can be found C. can be founded D. cant be f

15、ound【简析】答案B。aliens与find是动宾关系，用被动语态，选B。同时应注意否定转移和found表示“建立”的含义。6祈使句的被动语态用let 句型Do homework at once. Let homework be done at once.Dont tell him the truth Dont let the truth be told to him.7.以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。Who has broken the cup？By whom has the cup been broken？8

16、.be going to 结构的被动语态:把be going to看成一个词Are you going to wash all these glasses? Are all these glasses going to be washed by you?五、主动形式表达被动意义1.用某些不及物动词表示被动意义，如carry,cut,drive,iron,keep,lock,open,pick,read,sell,shut,tear, wear,write，clean，wash，burn，等等。这类动词既能作及物动词，也能作不及物动词。在强调主语（一般是物）的特点、特征或性质时，作不及物动词时，

17、形式上虽为主动，却表示被动意义,一般可以和well，easily等副词连用；Meat cuts easily.肉容易切。The car drove easily.这车很容易开。Your pen writes quite smoothly.你的笔写起来很滑。The poem reads well The books dont sell well 这些书没销路The cloth washes well.2.某些感觉系动词无被动语态：主动语态表示被动意义。appear, seem, be, remain, keep, stay,become, get, grow, fall, turn feel,

18、look, smell, sound, taste, 等系动词用主动形式表示被动意义；1） It sounds good.2） The steel feels cold3） The method proved （to be） effective.4）This shirt feels much softer than that one.这件衬衫比那件衬衫摸起来柔软 得多5）That book smells old.那本书有一股霉味。6）These oranges taste nice.这些橙子味道很好。以上这些动词都不能用进行时表示。若用进行时，则表示主动含义。比较：The child is s

19、melling the paint.小孩正在闻油漆的气味。3. want/need/require +doing相当于want/need/require to be done，表不定式的被动结构；在need（want, require, deserve, etc.）doing句型中，动名词（doing）相当于动词不定式的被动式（to be done），在意思上没有多大差别。 The garden needs watering. The garden needs to be watered.花园需要浇水。 The problem requires studying with great care

20、. The problem requires to be studied with great care.这个问题需要仔细研究。These jobs want doing at once. These jobs want to be done at once.这些工作需要马上就做。4. be worth doing中的doing表被动意义。（以下几条理解即可）5动词不定式的主动形式有时也表示被动意义。She said she had an important meeting to attend（动宾关系）The house is difficult to find（动宾关系）在某些性质形容词动

21、词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, pleasant, fit, unfit, light , heavy, good, safe, dangerous） 例如： The question is easy to answer. 这问题容易回答。 That book is difficult to understand. 那本书难懂。 在这种句型结构中，动词不定式和主语的关系实际上是一种逻辑上的动宾关系，可以说是动词不定式作主语变换来的，相当于Its easy to answer the question

22、.和Its difficult to understand that book.由于把动词宾语放在主语位置，所以和不定式的关系构成一种被动关系6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve.7某些可用于主+谓+adj结构中的不及物动词,如wear,blow.The door blew openThe material has worn thin.这块布已经用薄了主动结构，被动意义 （判断哪种类型）1.Cotten feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。2.The music sounds very b

23、eautiful . 音乐听起来非常优美。3.The bus stops . 公共汽车停了。4.My bike needs repairing . 这辆自行车需要修理。5.The book sells well . 这本书很畅销。【考例】1. Do you like this shirt?Yes. It very soft. （2008年，四川自贡）A. is feeling B. feels C. is felt2. Beef noodles in Lanzhou taste the best in China and . （2008甘肃兰州）A. are sold well B. sell

24、 well C. sell good D. are sold good【简析】1. B。feel是系动词，用形容词作表语，不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时。2. B。指某物卖得好不用被动语态，排除A，D；sell是动词，要用副词修饰，故选B。六.不能用于被动语态的几种情况：（仅作了解） 1.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die ,disappear, end, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, break out, come true, fall asleep, take place.（错） The price has been risen.（对

25、） The price has risen.（错） The price has raised. （对） The price has been raised.2.不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, marry, own, wish, cost, agree with, arrive at / in, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to3. 系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 （对） She

26、 likes to swim. （错） To swim is liked by her.5. “be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。 当“be+过去分词”表示动作时为被动语态，be是助动词，be后面的过去分词是主要动词，动作的对象是主语； 当“be +过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例如:The glass is broken 玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）The glass was broken by the bo

27、y玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）2. 如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。The magazine is published in Shanghai这家杂志出版于上海。（被动语态）The door is locked 门锁着。The door has already/just been locked门已经/刚刚被锁上。The shop is opened这家商店开门了。The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday这家商店每天上午八点开门。（被动语态被动语态考点揭秘1. 被动语态的构成和基本用法【考点】被动语态的基本构成形式: “be+及物动词（短语）的过去分