高中英语 语法考点一遍过 第3辑 专题十五 定语从句.docx

1、高中英语 语法考点一遍过 第3辑 专题十五 定语从句专题十五 定语从句考点一关系词的用法关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其

2、他领域常常一无所成。I have many friends to whom Im going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。He will tell you everything that he heard about it.他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。This is the factory (which/that) we visi

3、ted last year.这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer？这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？Among the many dan

4、gers_ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. which B. what C. where D. when 【参考答案】A【试题解析】分析句子结构可知，_sailors have to face 是定语从句，修饰先行词the many dangers，且从句缺少宾语，要用关系代词。 因此A选项正确。句意为 在水手不得不面对的许多危险中，可能最大的是雾霾。考点二that、 which只能用其中一个的情况1. 只能用that，不能用which作先行词的情况（1）先行词是all，something，everyth

5、ing，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、 the only， the very， the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如：The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是城市。

6、This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如：The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。The fore

7、ign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Childrens Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。（4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以

8、前的那所学校了。（5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如： Which is the car that has overtaken us？ 超过我们的是哪辆车？2. 只用which，不能用that作先行词的情况（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如：The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speak

9、ing. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。注意： 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首， which就可换为that， 如： This is the question which/that weve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。（2） 先行词为“those表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：Students should keep in mind those re

10、gulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。考点三关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词when，where，why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用介词which结构替换。I still remember the day when I first came to Beiji

11、ng.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。2.当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？3.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。The media can often help solve problems an

12、d draw attention to situations where help is needed.媒体经常能够帮助解决问题，把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。（2016天津卷）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.A. that B. where C. which D. when【参考答案】D【试题解析】句意：我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时天气可能会更好。这是一个定语从句，先行词是next week，定语从句缺少时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选D。考

13、点四介词关系词引导的定语从句该结构中介词的选用1.一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。Ill never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。2.表示整体和部分关系，介词常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。John invited about 40 people

14、 to his wedding，most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼，他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。3.有时介词where可以引导定语从句，此时要和介词which引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window)（2016 江苏）Many

15、 young people, most _were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those【参考答案】C【知识拓展】of which / whom有时可以用whose名词结构来改写。4.当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时，通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省略)；如果定语从句中不缺少状语，则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 【试题解析】考查定语从句。本题定

16、语从句的先行词是Many young people，关系代词whom指代先行词，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意：很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想，其中大部分人都受过良好教育。故C项正确。考点五as，which引导的定语从句1.as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为正如，正像，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。As everybody knows，China is a developing country.众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。2.which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末，意为这，这一点。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Pri

17、ze for Literature in 2012，which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。3.as常用在下列习惯用语中。as (it) often happens，as I remember，as is often the case，as is expected，as is known to us，as is shown等。He shouts when he gets angry，as is often the case.他生气时

18、就大叫，这是常有的情形。4.such/so .as .表像这样的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out. 上学期数学老师出了一道很难的考试题，没有一个人能解出来。5.the same.that.表同一个人或物，而the same.as.表同种类的东西。I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。I

19、 would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。(2015江苏)The number of smokers，_is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A.it B.which C.what D.as【参考答案】D【试题解析】分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代的是整个主句的含义，故可排除A、C两项。as引导非限制性定语从句时，表示如同，正如，符合题干意思，故选D项。考点六 非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句在句子中是一

20、个独立的成分，不会受到主句的限制，把从句去掉之后，主句仍然是成立的。这也是为什么它会叫做非限定性定语从句。其次，大家要了解该从句的形式：非限制性定语从句与先行词以及主句之间的关系不甚紧密，因而通常要用逗号与主句分隔开。【易混辨析】类别限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式与主句之间不用逗号隔开与主句之间用逗号隔开关系词所有的关系代词和关系副词；作宾语时可省略除that以外的关系代词和关系副词；关系词不能省略先行词主句中的某一个名词、名词词组或代词主句中的某一个词，也可以是整个句子意义对先行词进行限制、说明，是先行词不可缺少的定语，不可省去对修饰的词或句子作进一步的说明，省去之后主句意思依然完整翻译

21、译成的，作先行词的定语常译成并列分句(2016天津）We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， _the weather may be better. A.that B.where C.which D.when 【参考答案】D 【试题解析】分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，先行词为next week，且关系词在定语从句 中作时间状语，故用when。考点七定语从句中的主谓一致1.关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。The recorder that ha

22、s been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。2.one of 复数名词位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the，the only，the very 等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。基础过关.用适当的关系词填空1.(2015北京，24)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_ you can hear some lovely music.2.(

23、2015浙江，19)Creating an atmosphere _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.3.Between the lectures is 20 minutes break，_ the students can get relaxed.4.Her performances on the stage were perfect，_ made a lot of people admire her.5.The city was attacked by such terrible weather _ few citizens

24、 had ever experienced before.6.A story I read two years ago，_ name I cant remember clearly，changed my idea about education.7.I dont know the reason _ you lied to your parents，but youd better explain.8._ is mentioned above，paper is first made in China.9.A sailor _ has experienced no storm will never

25、become an excellent sailor.10.I often think about the times _ I have felt hurt and insulted by rude remarks from strangers and sometimes from acquaintances.单句改错1.When you read the book，youd better make a mark that you have a question.2.There are three people in my family and Im the only one child，wh

26、o is very common in Chinese families.3.Travelling abroad，you should follow the customs of the country where you are visiting.4.Those that have plenty of money will help their friend.5.This is the longest train which I have ever seen.6.Remember，you can take the contest in China Daily newspaper，that i

27、s very popular among high school students.7.I will never forget the day on that we went to buy guitars in the guitar store.8.Which we all know，swimming is a very good sport.9.The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.10.He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows，most of them hadnt be

28、en cleaned for at least a year.能力提升I.单项填空1.When Hank sang a sad song, those _ listened knew that it was something about his bitter childhood.A. that B. which C. who D. whom2.I live next door to a couple_ children often make a lot of noise.A. whose B. why C. where D. which3.I cant thinking of living

29、in a place _has no seasons.It seems so strange.A. where B. what C.in which D. which4.Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats.A. what B. where C. that D. which5.Do you know the reason

30、 Mary is crying? A. when B. where C. why D. that 6.The latest trend is the A4 waist challenge women take photos with a A4-sized paper placed in front of their midriffs (上腹部).A. which B. where C. when D. as7. We all Chinese people are called on to learn from Lei Feng, _we think has set a good example to all of us.A.whose B.who C.whom D.that8. There is no end to the debate in sight, _my parents are at war with each other over how to reduce our