2019届上海高三英语二模汇编--十一选十（解析版）.docx

1、2019届高三英语二模汇编十一选十1、2019黄浦二模Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.processedB.increasingC.applicationsD.typingE.interpretingF.reflectedG.injectedH.transformingI.connectionsJ.remarkableK

2、.superhumanThe Next Frontier: Using Thought to Control MachinesTechnologies are often billed as transformative. For William Kochevar, the term is justified. Mr Kochevar is paralysed below the shoulders after a cycling accident, yet has managed to feed himself by his own hand. This31progress is partl

3、y thanks to electrodes, implantedin his right arm, which stimulate muscles. But the real magic lies higher up. Mr Kochevar can control his arm using the power of thought. His intention to move is32in neural(神经的)activity in his motor region; these signals are detected by implants in his brain and33in

4、to commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.An ability to decode thought in this way may sound like science fiction. But brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) like the BrainGate system used by Mr Kochevar provide evidence that mind-control can work. Researchers are able to tell what words and imag

5、es people have heard and seen from neural activity alone. Information can also be encoded and used to stimulate the brain. Over 300, 000 people have cochlear(耳蜗的) implants, which help them to hear by34sound into electrical signals and sending them into the brain. Scientists have “35” data into monke

6、ys heads, instructing them to perform actions via electrical pulses.As ourTechnology Quarterlyin this issue explains, the pace of research into BCIs and the scale of its ambition are36. Both Americas armed forces and Silicon Valley are starting to focus on the brain. Facebook dreams of thought-to-te

7、xt37. Kernel, a startup, has$100m to spend on neurotechnology. Elon Musk has formed a firm called Neuralink; he thinks that, if humanity is to survive thearrivalof artificial intelligence, it needs an upgrade. Entrepreneurs imagine a world in which people can communicate using thoughts, with each ot

8、her and with machines, or acquire38abilities, such as hearing at very high frequencies.These powers, if they ever materialise, are decades away. But well before then, BCIs could open the door towonderfulnew39. Imagine stimulating the visual region to help the blind, making new neural40in stroke vict

9、ims or monitoring the brain for signs of depression. By turning the firing of neurons into a resource to be used, BCIs may change the idea of what it means to be human.答案：31-40JFAHGBDKCI难度：偏难解析：本文为说明文。主要叙述了一个革命性的技术：用思想来控制机器。肩膀以下瘫痪了的科切瓦先生，在他右臂植入了电极后，他可以用思想的力量控制他的手臂。这听起来像不像是科幻小说？但这是事实！30多万人通过植入耳蜗来助听，通

10、过刺激视觉区域来帮助盲人，在中风患者身上建立新的神经连接等，这种革命性的技术，让人们可以用思想来与他人交流，也可以与机器交流。【31题详解】考查形容词作定语。分析句子This _1_ progress is partly thanks to electrodes, implanted in his right arm,可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词progress，修饰名词要用形容词。根据上下文的语境可知，科切瓦先生在事故后肩膀以下瘫痪了，但他还是用自己的手来养活自己。但真正的魔力是科切瓦先生可以用思想的力量控制他的手臂。由此可知，这是个“显著的/非凡的”进步。分析选项可知remarkab

11、le符合题意，故选J。【32题详解】考查语境及名词。句意：他的运动意图反映在他运动区域的神经活动中。根据上文内容可知，科切瓦先生可以用思想的力量控制他的手臂。所以此处是指“他的运动意图反映（reflect）在神经活动中”。因此要用reflects，故选F。【33题详解】考查被动语态。句意：这些信号通过他的大脑植入物被检测出来，并被处理成指令，激活他手臂上的电极。分析句子“these signalsare detected byimplants in his brain and _3_ into commands to activate the electrodes in his arms.”可

12、知，本空格是指信号被处理，分析选项可知process有“数据处理，加工”之意，本空与前面的主语these signals是被动关系，要填processed，故选A。【34题详解】考查语境及固定用法。根据语境可知，此处是指有30多万人植入了耳蜗，通过将声音转换成信号并发送到大脑来助听。“把转换为”为固定搭配“transforminto”；by doing sth.为固定用法，意为“凭借，通过”因此此处要填transforming，故选H。【35题详解】考查谓语动词的时态及语态。句意：科学家已经将数据“注入”猴子的头部，指示它们通过电脉冲来执行动作。根据空格后“data into monkeys

13、heads”可推断出，数据“注入”头部，分析选项可知inject有“注入”之意，而inject与主语scientists是主动关系。分析语境可知，本空是现在完成时，要填injected，故选G。【36题详解】考查语境。根据空格后的“美国军队和硅谷都开始把注意力放在大脑上”。可推断出“对BCIs的研究步伐和规模正在不断增加（increase）”。分析语境可知，空格处要用进行时，要填increasing，故选B。【37题详解】考查语境及动词的ing形式作宾语。根据后面的内容“企业家们设想了一个世界，在这个世界里，人们可以用思想、彼此和机器进行交流”可知，此处是指“Facebook梦想着文字来表达思

14、想”，意即“从思想到文本的打印”，因此此处可填type。分析句子“Facebook dreams of thought-to-text _7_”可知，本空在句中作of的宾语，因此要用动词的ing形式，所以填typing，故选D。【38题详解】考查语境。根据后面的“such as hearing at very high frequencies.”可知，此处是指“有超人的能力”，是在“在非常高的频率下的听觉”，因此此句是指“企业家们设想了这样一个世界:在这个世界里，人们可以用思想来交流，可以与他人交流，也可以与机器交流，或者获得超人（superhuman）的能力，比如在非常高的频率下听觉。”填s

15、uperhuman，故选K。【39题详解】考查语境。上文主要叙述了新科技在神经活动中的运用。因此此处是指“但在那之前，BCI可以为奇妙的新应用（applications）打开大门。”此处填applications最合适，故选C。【40题详解】考查语境。分析本段的内容可知，此处是指“刺激视觉区域来帮助盲人，在中风患者身上建立新的神经连接”。make connections意为“建立连接/关系”，此处填connections，故选I。2、2019普陀二模A. determinedB. entitledC. officiallyD. seekingE. versionF. establishment

16、G. rejectedH. variousI. completelyJ. pricedK. absorbedThe Historical Change of Readers DigestDuring World War I, Mr. DeWitt Wallace was wounded in a battle. During his recovery in the hospital, he read a lot of magazines and (31) _ a lot of interesting information. At the same time, he also found th

17、at few people had time to read so many magazines that he realized the idea of excerpting (摘录) these articles and publishing them.He was (32) _ to publish a pocket magazine they called Readers Digest with his wife Lila Acheson. They opened an office downstairs in an illegal hotel in Greenwich Village

18、, New York, and spent only $5,000 in capital and began (33) _ subscribers. After a period of hard work, the first volume was (34) _ published on February 5, 1922. Its purpose is to inform the readers in daily life and give the readers entertainment, encouragement and guidance. The first article, (35

19、) _How to Stay Young Mentally, was one and a half pages long.In 1920, he put (36) _ selected articles into Readers Digest samples and displayed them to major publishers in the United States. He hoped that someone would be willing to publish them, but they were all (37) _. Mr. Wallace did not give up

20、 and decided to publish it himself. He worked at home with his wife, and finally published the first issue of Readers Digest in February 1922. The first was printed in 5,000 copies, (38) _ at 25 cents, and sent to 1,500 payment subscribers by mail. By 1935, the circulation of Readers Digest had reac

21、hed one million copies.The Chinese (39) _ of Readers Digest was first published in March 1965. The first editor-in-chief was Lin Taiyi, the daughter of Mr. Lin Yutang, master of literature. In November 2004, Readers Digest and Shanghai Press and Publication Bureau announced the (40) _ of a long-term

22、 publishing cooperation.答案：31-40 KADCB HGJEF难度：容易解析：这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Mr. DeWitt Wallace克服重重困难，创办读者文摘的过程。【31题详解】句意：在医院康复期间，他读了许多杂志，掌握了许多有趣的信息。阅读杂志的过程就是吸收信息的过程。故填absorbed，意为“吸收，掌握”。K选项正确。【32题详解】句意：他决心和妻子莱拉艾奇逊一起出版一本他们称之为读者文摘的袖珍杂志。表示“决心做某事”，用be determined to do sth.，故填determined，A选项正确。【33题详解】句意：他们在纽约格林威治村的一

23、家非法旅馆楼下开了一间办公室，只花了5000美元，开始寻找订户。该空表示“寻找”，故填seeking。D选项正确。【34题详解】句意：经过一段时间的努力，第一卷于1922年2月5日正式出版。该空表示“正式地”，故填officially，C选项正确。【35题详解】句意：第一篇题为“如何保持年轻”的文章长达1.5页。该空表示“书名叫做，题目为”，故填entitled，B选项正确。【36题详解】句意：1920年，他将各种精选的文章放入读者文摘样本中，并将其展示给美国的主要出版商。该空表示“各种各样的”，故填various，H选项正确。【37题详解】句意：他希望有人愿意出版，但都被拒绝了。根据后面“h

24、epublish it himself”可知，其他出版商都拒绝了他。故J选项正确。reject意为“拒绝”。【38题详解】句意：第一份印了5000份，价格为25美分，并以邮寄方式寄给1,500名付款订户。后面的25 cents是价格，故填priced，E选项正确。【39题详解】句意：中国版的读者文摘与1965年3月首次出版。该空表示“版，版本”，故填version，E选项正确。【40题详解】句意：2004年11月，读者文摘与上海新闻出版局宣布建立长期出版合作关系。该空表示“建立”，故填establishment，F选项正确。3、2019徐汇二模A.declineB. investedC. sc

25、ratchingD.harvestE.farmersF.barelyG. occurrenceH.implementationI. unmarketableJ. adjustmentsK.enemiesLike many people acting on the desire to eat healthy and local, Acropolis resident Eduardo Jimenez decided to plant a garden in his backyard. He ploughed the soil, he planted the seeds, and he even s

26、et up a fence to keep out the deer. Eduardo did everything right. Or so it seems.However, when (31) _time has come, he has not one tomato, bean, or leaf of lettuce to show for his hard work. How did this happen? The answer comes in the form of a small, brown, particularly smelly insect: the stink bu

27、g.Unlike their picky cousins, stink bugs feed on some 300 species of plants, including figs, blueberries, corn, and kiwi fruits as well as soybeans, peas, and weeds. Although they do little damage to the plant itself, they make the fruits and vegetables(32) _. For this reason, stink bugs pose the mo

28、st serious threat to the big agriculturalists and macro farm operators. Macro farmers have more(33) _in their produce, and therefore have more to lose. While hobbyists like Eduardo are left to face the disappointment of an unsuccessful garden, macro farmers are forced to live with the loss of entire

29、 tracts of cash cropsa fact that has left many(34) _able to clothe their children or put food on the table.Last season alone, several New Jersey pepper farmers saw 75% of their crops damaged. Pennsylvania lost half of its peach population, and, according to the US Apple Association, apple farmers in

30、 the mid-Atlantic states lost $37 million. This year could be worse. As a result of this(35) _in the supply of fresh fruits and vegetables, shoppers have seen(36) _sometimes quite dramaticin prices at the grocery store. Prices of apples in Maryland are up 8%. In the north-Atlantic states, prices for

31、 peppers shot up an astonishing 14%. Not only are these items becoming more expensive, but they are also getting harder to find. Last week, Marge Jenkins of Athens, Georgia reported having to check three different stores beforeencounteringa decent batch of peas. And this, she assures us, is a regular(37) _. Accidentally brought from Asia, the stink bug has no natural(38) _in America, and thus its population is risingsharply. Reported sightings of stink bugs are becoming increasingly numerous, as the dried, brown,trapezoida