数学专业词汇.docx

1、数学专业词汇2005-12-16|数学词汇abbreviation简写符号；简写abscissa横坐标absolute complement绝对补集absolute error绝对误差absolute inequality绝不等式absolute maximum绝对极大值absolute minimum绝对极小值absolute monotonic绝对单调absolute value绝对值accelerate加速acceleration加速度acceleration due to gravity重力加速度; 地心加速度accumulation累积accumulative累积的accuracy准

2、确度act on施于action作用; 作用力acute angle锐角acute-angled triangle锐角三角形add加addition加法addition formula加法公式addition law加法定律addition law(of probability)（概率）加法定律additive inverse加法逆元; 加法反元additive property可加性adjacent angle邻角adjacent side邻边adjoint matrix伴随矩阵algebra代数algebraic代数的algebraic equation代数方程algebraic expr

3、ession代数式algebraic fraction代数分式；代数分数式algebraic inequality代数不等式algebraic number代数数algebraic operation代数运算algebraically closed代数封闭algorithm算法系统; 规则系统alternate angle（交）错角alternate segment内错弓形alternating series交错级数alternative hypothesis择一假设; 备择假设; 另一假设altitude高；高度；顶垂线；高线ambiguous case两义情况；二义情况amount本利和；

4、总数analysis分析；解析analytic geometry解析几何angle角angle at the centre圆心角angle at the circumference圆周角angle between a line and a plane直 与平面的交角angle between two planes两平面的交角angle bisection角平分angle bisector角平分线 ；分角线 angle in the alternate segment交错弓形的圆周角angle in the same segment同弓形内的圆周角angle of depression俯角ang

5、le of elevation仰角angle of friction静摩擦角; 极限角angle of greatest slope最大斜率的角angle of inclination倾斜角angle of intersection相交角；交角angle of projection投射角angle of rotation旋转角angle of the sector扇形角angle sum of a triangle三角形内角和angles at a point同顶角angular displacement角移位angular momentum角动量angular motion角运动angula

6、r velocity角速度annum(X% per annum)年（年利率X%）anti-clockwise direction逆时针方向；返时针方向anti-clockwise moment逆时针力矩anti-derivative反导数; 反微商anti-logarithm逆对数；反对数anti-symmetric反对称apex顶点approach接近；趋近approximate value近似值approximation近似；略计；逼近Arabic system阿刺伯数字系统arbitrary任意arbitrary constant任意常数arc弧arc length弧长arc-cosin

7、e function反余弦函数arc-sin function反正弦函数arc-tangent function反正切函数area面积Argand diagram阿根图, 阿氏图argument(1)论证; (2)辐角argument of a complex number复数的辐角argument of a function函数的自变量arithmetic算术arithmetic mean算术平均；等差中顶；算术中顶arithmetic progression算术级数；等差级数arithmetic sequence等差序列arithmetic series等差级数arm边array数组; 数

8、组arrow前号ascending order递升序ascending powers of XX 的升幂assertion断语; 断定associative law结合律assumed mean假定平均数assumption假定；假设asymmetrical非对称asymptote渐近 asymptotic error constant渐近误差常数at rest静止augmented matrix增广矩阵auxiliary angle辅助角auxiliary circle辅助圆auxiliary equation辅助方程average平均；平均数；平均值average speed平均速率axi

9、om公理axiom of existence存在公理axiom of extension延伸公理axiom of inclusion包含公理axiom of pairing配对公理axiom of power幂集公理axiom of specification分类公理axiomatic theory of probability概率公理论axis轴axis of parabola拋物线的轴axis of revolution旋转轴axis of rotation旋转轴axis of symmetry对称轴back substitution回代bar chart棒形图；条线图；条形图；线条图ba

10、se（1）底；（2）基；基数base angle底角base area底面base line底线 base number底数；基数base of logarithm对数的底basis基Bayes theorem贝叶斯定理bearing方位（角）；角方向（角）bell-shaped curve钟形图belong to属于Bernoulli distribution伯努利分布Bernoulli trials伯努利试验bias偏差；偏倚biconditional双修件式; 双修件句bijection对射; 双射; 单满射bijective function对射函数; 只射函数billion十亿bim

11、odal distribution双峰分布binary number二进数binary operation二元运算binary scale二进法binary system二进制binomial二项式binomial distribution二项分布binomial expression二项式binomial series二项级数binomial theorem二项式定理bisect平分；等分bisection method分半法；分半方法bisector等分线 ；平分线 Boolean algebra布尔代数boundary condition边界条件boundary line界（线）；边界b

12、ounded有界的bounded above有上界的；上有界的bounded below有下界的；下有界的bounded function有界函数bounded sequence有界序列brace大括号bracket括号breadth阔度broken line graph折线图calculation计算calculator计算器；计算器calculus(1) 微积分学; (2) 演算cancel消法；相消canellation law消去律canonical典型; 标准capacity容量cardioid心脏 Cartesian coordinates笛卡儿坐标Cartesian equati

13、on笛卡儿方程Cartesian plane笛卡儿平面Cartesian product笛卡儿积category类型；范畴catenary悬链 Cauchy sequence柯西序列Cauchys principal value柯西主值Cauchy-Schwarz inequality柯西 - 许瓦尔兹不等式central limit theorem中心极限定理central line中线 central tendency集中趋centre中心；心centre of a circle圆心centre of gravity重心centre of mass质量中心centrifugal force

14、离心力centripedal acceleration向心加速度centripedal force force向心力centroid形心；距心certain event必然事件chain rule链式法则chance机会change of axes坐标轴的变换change of base基的变换change of coordinates坐标轴的变换change of subject主项变换change of variable换元；变量的换characteristic equation特征(征)方程characteristic function特征(征)函数characteristic of l

15、ogarithm对数的首数; 对数的定位部characteristic root特征(征)根chart图；图表check digit检验数位checking验算chord弦chord of contact切点弦circle圆circular圆形；圆的circular function圆函数；三角函数circular measure弧度法circular motion圆周运动circular permutation环形排列; 圆形排列; 循环排列circumcentre外心；外接圆心circumcircle外接圆circumference圆周circumradius外接圆半径circumscri

16、bed circle外接圆cissoid蔓叶 class区；组；类class boundary组界class interval组区间；组距class limit组限；区限class mark组中点；区中点classical theory of probability古典概率论classification分类clnometer测斜仪clockwise direction顺时针方向clockwise moment顺时针力矩closed convex region闭凸区域closed interval闭区间coaxial共轴coaxial circles共轴圆coaxial system共轴系cod

17、ed data编码数据coding method编码法co-domain上域coefficient系数coefficient of friction摩擦系数coefficient of restitution碰撞系数; 恢复系数coefficient of variation变差系数cofactor余因子; 余因式cofactor matrix列矩阵coincide迭合；重合collection of terms并项collinear共线 collinear planes共线面collision碰撞column(1)列；纵行；(2) 柱column matrix列矩阵column vector

18、列向量combination组合common chord公弦common denominator同分母；公分母common difference公差common divisor公约数；公约common factor公因子；公因子common logarithm常用对数common multiple公位数；公倍common ratio公比common tangent公切 commutative law交换律comparable可比较的compass罗盘compass bearing罗盘方位角compasses圆规compasses construction圆规作图compatible可相容的co

19、mplement余；补余complement law补余律complementary angle余角complementary equation补充方程complementary event互补事件complementary function余函数complementary probability互补概率complete oscillation全振动completing the square配方complex conjugate复共轭complex number复数complex unmber plane复数平面complex root复数根component分量component of fo

20、rce分力composite function复合函数; 合成函数composite number复合数；合成数composition of mappings映射构合composition of relations复合关系compound angle复角compound angle formula复角公式compound bar chart综合棒形图compound discount复折扣compound interest复利；复利息compound probability合成概率compound statement复合命题; 复合叙述computation计算computer计算机；电子计算

21、器concave凹concave downward凹向下的concave polygon凹多边形concave upward凹向上的concentric circles同心圆concept概念conclusion结论concurrent共点concyclic共圆concyclic points共圆点condition条件conditional条件句；条件式conditional identity条件恒等式conditional inequality条件不等式conditional probability条件概率cone锥；圆锥（体）confidence coefficient置信系数confi

22、dence interval置信区间confidence level置信水平confidence limit置信极限confocal section共焦圆锥曲 congruence(1)全等；(2)同余congruence class同余类congruent全等congruent figures全等图形congruent triangles全等三角形conic二次曲 ; 圆锥曲 conic section二次曲 ; 圆锥曲 conical pendulum圆锥摆conjecture猜想conjugate共轭conjugate axis共轭conjugate diameters共轭轴conjug

23、ate hyperbola共轭(直)径conjugate imaginary / complex number共轭双曲 conjugate radical共轭虚/复数conjugate surd共轭根式; 共轭不尽根conjunction合取connective连词connector box捙接框consecutive integers连续整数consecutive numbers连续数；相邻数consequence结论；推论consequent条件；后项conservation of energy能量守恒conservation of momentum动量守恒conserved守恒consi

24、stency condition相容条件consistent一贯的；相容的consistent estimator相容估计量constant常数constant acceleration恒加速度constant force恒力constant of integration积分常数constant speed恒速率constant term常项constant velocity怛速度constraint约束；约束条件construct作construction作图construction of equation方程的设立continued proportion连比例continued ratio

25、连比continuity连续性continuity correction连续校正continuous连续的continuous data连续数据continuous function连续函数continuous proportion连续比例continuous random variable连续随机变量contradiction矛盾converge收敛convergence收敛性convergent收敛的convergent iteration收敛的迭代convergent sequence收敛序列convergent series收敛级数converse逆(定理)converse of a

26、relation逆关系converse theorem逆定理conversion转换convex凸convex polygon凸多边形convexity凸性coordinate坐标coordinate geometry解析几何；坐标几何coordinate system坐标系系定理；系；推论coplanar共面coplanar forces共面力coplanar lines共面 co-prime互质; 互素corollary系定理; 系; 推论correct to准确至；取值至correlation相关correlation coefficient相关系数correspondence对应cor

27、responding angles(1)同位角；(2)对应角corresponding element对应边corresponding sides对应边cosecant余割cosine余弦cosine formula余弦公式cost price成本cotangent余切countable可数countable set可数集countably infinite可数无限counter clockwise direction逆时针方向；返时针方向counter example反例counting数数；计数couple力偶Carmers rule克莱玛法则criterion准则critical poi

28、nt临界点critical region临界域cirtical value临界值cross-multiplication交叉相乘cross-section横切面；横截面；截痕cube正方体；立方；立方体cube root立方根cubic三次方；立方；三次(的)cubic equation三次方程cubic roots of unity单位的立方根cuboid长方体；矩体cumulative累积的cumulative distribution function累积分布函数cumulative frequecy累积频数；累积频率cumulative frequency curve累积频数曲 cumulative frequcncy distribution累积频数分布cumulative frequency polygon累积频数多边形；累积频率直方图curvature of a curve曲线的曲率curve曲线 curve sketching曲线描绘(法)curve tracing曲线描迹(法)curved line曲线 curved surface曲面curved surface area曲面面积cyclic expression输换式cyclic permutatio