数控加工数控实训报告.docx

1、数控加工数控实训报告CAD/CAM(数控铣削)实训报告姓 名: XXX 学 号： XXXXXXX 班 级： XXXX 完成日期 XXXX年XX月X日XXXXXXXXXCAD/CAM（数控铣削）任务书 1、课程编号： XXXXX2、名称：CAD/CAM(数控铣削)； 3、目的与要求在规定的课程周期内： 1）、熟悉数控铣床的结构及工作原理。 2）、能够独立完成数控铣床的操作。 3）、能够完成指定零件的工艺分析。 4）、能够使用CAD/CAM软件对零件造型及后处理参数设置、生成NC程序。5）、能够使用模拟仿真软件对NC程序进行模拟仿真加工。6）、完成工件坐标系的建立和对刀及程序的传输并完成指定零件的

2、加工。4、内容：1）、熟悉数控铣床的结构和工作原理。2）、完成零件的工艺分析。3）、对实训作业进行绘图造型、图形编辑(附图纸)。4）、能够熟练使用CAD/CAM软件，并利用模拟仿真软件完成给定零件的刀路轨迹仿真。5）、完成指定零件的加工。5、实训报告要求： 1）、简述数控铣床的结构和工作原理。 2）、工艺步骤分析。 3）、使用CAD/CAM软件，完成指定零件的造型和刀具加工路径、NC程序的生成。 4）、使用模拟仿真软件对已生成的零件程序进行验证。 5）、使用数控铣床完成程序的传输及零件的加工（附零件照片）。 6）、实训体会。实 训 报 告1）、数控铣床的结构和工作原理。数控铣床和加工中心具有相

3、似的用途和工艺特点，从机械部分来看，两者均由如下几大构建组成。*主轴箱：包括主轴和主轴传动系统，用于装夹刀具并带动刀具旋转，主轴转速范围和输出扭矩对加工有直接的影响。*电器柜：用于安装强电、弱电电工电子元件和布线。*CNC控制装置：机床的运动控制中心，集成了用户控制机床的界面和各种控制按钮，属于机电一体化集成单元。*机床基础件：通常是指底座、立柱、横梁等，是整个机床的基础和框架。*辅助装置：如液压、气动、润滑、冷却系统和排屑、防护等装置。*对于加工中心，还有刀库机构用来执行自动换刀动作。数控铣床的工作原理：首先编写数控程序 (1)在充分的工艺分析的基础上，确定零件的编程坐标系，计算零件的几何元

4、素的坐标参数。(2)然后确定：加工工艺路线或加工顺序；主运动的启、停、方向、变速；进给运动的速度大小；选择刀具等工艺参数，以及冷却液开、关等辅助作。(3)再按标准格式用文字、数字和符号编制零件加工的数控程序单 (编程的工作，可由人工进行，或者由自动编程计算机系统来完成。比较先进的数控机床，可以在它的数控装置上直接编程)。（4）编好的数控程序，存放在便于保存和输入到数控装置的一种存储载体上。然后数控装置根据程序的坐标代码，作插补运算并 输出插补控制信号，插补控制信号控制伺服驱动系统驱动执行部件作进给运动，从而确定了机床的进给运动的方向、速度、位移量。数控装置根据辅助机能代码输出辅助机能控制信号驱

5、动 强电控制装置，控制主运动部件的变速、换向和启停，控制刀具的选择和交换，控制冷却、润滑 的启停，控制工件和机床部件的松开和夹紧，控制分度工作台的转位等辅助机能。完成对工件的加工过程。2）、分析工艺步骤。经过观察图纸和毛坯，工艺步骤分析如下：1、对90的外缘进行区域式粗加工。使用12的立铣刀。2、对90的外缘进行轮廓线精加工。使用12的立铣刀。3、对86的内侧进行区域式粗加工。使用12键槽铣刀。4、对86的内侧进行轮廓线精加工。使用12键槽铣刀。5、对21的孔内侧进行区域式粗加工。使用12的立铣刀。6、对五个曲线槽进行区域式粗加工。使用10的键槽铣刀。7、对五个曲线槽进行轮廓线精加工。使用10

6、的键槽铣刀。3）、使用CAD/CAM软件，完成指定零件的造型和刀具加工路径、NC程序的生成。零件图纸为：运用CAXA软件进行的零件造型，图如下：随后按照工艺分析得出的刀具加工路径，图如下：依次生成的G代码，如下(只罗列了部分)：(钻孔,2009.12.8,13:53:10.984)N10G90G54G00Z100.000N12S1000M03N14X42.732Y-41.639Z100.000N16Z50.000N18G99G81X42.732Y-41.639Z-63.000R5.500F100N20X-37.268Y-41.639N22G98X0.000Y0.000Z-48.000R20.5

7、00N24G99X-37.268Y38.361Z-63.000R5.500N26G98X42.732Y38.361N28G80G00Z100.000N30X0.000Y0.000N32M05N34S3000M03N36X-38.068Y-42.155N38Z25.000N40G01Z15.000F100N42X-37.264Y-41.265F800N44G02X-39.268Y-39.362I37.264J41.265F1000N46G01Y-43.639N48X-34.452N50G02X-37.264Y-41.265I34.452J43.639N52G01X-35.923Y-39.781F

8、800N54G02X-41.268Y-34.204I35.923J39.781F1000N56G01Y-45.639N58X-28.107N60G02X-35.923Y-39.781I28.107J45.639N62G01X-34.583Y-38.296F800N64G02X-43.268Y-28.115I34.583J38.296F1000N66G01Y-47.639N68X-19.826N70G02X-34.583Y-38.296I19.826J47.639N72G01X-33.242Y-36.812F800N74G02X-45.268Y-20.273I33.242J36.812F1000

9、N76G01Y-49.639N78X19.826N80Y-47.639F800N82X28.107Y-45.639N84X34.452Y-43.639N86X39.799Y-41.639N88X42.732F1000N90Y-38.623N92G02X39.799Y-41.639I-42.732J38.623N94G01X34.452Y-43.639F800N96X44.732F1000N98Y-33.021N100G02X34.452Y-43.639I-44.732J33.021N102G01X28.107Y-45.639F800N104X46.732F1000N106Y-26.250N10

10、8G02X28.107Y-45.639I-46.732J26.250N110G01X19.826Y-47.639F800N112X48.732F1000N114Y-16.963N116G02X19.826Y-47.639I-48.732J16.963N118G01Y-49.639F800N120X50.732F1000N122Y16.963N124X48.732F800N126X46.732Y26.250N128X44.732Y33.021N130X43.399Y36.850N132Y39.027F1000N134X41.452N136G02X43.399Y36.850I-41.452J-39

11、.027N138G01X44.732Y33.021F800N140Y40.361F1000N142X38.241N144G02X44.732Y33.021I-38.241J-40.361N146G01X46.732Y26.250F800N148Y42.361F1000N150X32.841N152G02X46.732Y26.250I-32.841J-42.361N154G01X48.732Y16.963F800N156Y44.361F1000N158X26.357N160G02X48.732Y16.963I-26.357J-44.361N162G01X50.732F800N164Y46.361

12、F1000N166X17.631N168G02X-33.242Y-36.812I-17.631J-46.361N170G01X-31.902Y-35.327F800N172G02X-47.268Y-5.614I31.902J35.327F1000N174G01Y-51.639N176X52.732N178Y48.361N180X-17.631N182Y46.361F800N184X-26.357Y44.361N186X-32.841Y42.361N188X-38.241Y40.361N190X-39.268F1000N192Y39.362N194G02X-38.241Y40.361I39.26

13、8J-39.362N196G01X-32.841Y42.361F800N198X-41.268F1000N200Y34.204N202G02X-32.841Y42.361I41.268J-34.204N204G01X-26.357Y44.361F800N206X-43.268F1000N208Y28.115N210G02X-26.357Y44.361I43.268J-28.115N212G01X-17.631Y46.361F800N214X-45.268F1000N216Y20.273N218G02X-17.631Y46.361I45.268J-20.273N220G01Y48.361F800

14、N222X-47.268F1000N224Y5.614N226G02X-31.902Y-35.327I47.268J-5.614N228G01Z25.000F100N230G00Z100.000N232X-38.068Y-42.155N234Z24.000N236G01Z14.000F100N238X-37.264Y-41.265F800N240G02X-39.268Y-39.362I37.264J41.265F1000N242G01Y-43.639N244X-34.452N246G02X-37.264Y-41.265I34.452J43.639N248G01X-35.923Y-39.781F

15、800N250G02X-41.268Y-34.204I35.923J39.781F1000N252G01Y-45.639N254X-28.107N256G02X-35.923Y-39.781I28.107J45.639N258G01X-34.583Y-38.296F800N260G02X-43.268Y-28.115I34.583J38.296F1000N262G01Y-47.639N264X-19.826N266G02X-34.583Y-38.296I19.826J47.639N268G01X-33.242Y-36.812F800N270G02X-45.268Y-20.273I33.242J

16、36.812F1000N272G01Y-49.639N274X19.826N276Y-47.639F800N278X28.107Y-45.639N280X34.452Y-43.639N282X39.799Y-41.639N284X42.732F1000N286Y-38.623N288G02X39.799Y-41.639I-42.732J38.623N290G01X34.452Y-43.639F800N292X44.732F1000N294Y-33.021N296G02X34.452Y-43.639I-44.732J33.021N298G01X28.107Y-45.639F800N300X46.

17、732F1000N302Y-26.250N304G02X28.107Y-45.639I-46.732J26.250N306G01X19.826Y-47.639F800N308X48.732F1000N310Y-16.963N312G02X19.826Y-47.639I-48.732J16.963N314G01Y-49.639F800N316X50.732F1000N318Y16.963N320X48.732F800N322X46.732Y26.250N324X44.732Y33.021N326X43.399Y36.850N328Y39.027F1000N330X41.452N332G02X43

18、.399Y36.850I-41.452J-39.027N334G01X44.732Y33.021F800N336Y40.361F1000N338X38.241N340G02X44.732Y33.021I-38.241J-40.361N342G01X46.732Y26.250F800N344Y42.361F1000N346X32.841N348G02X46.732Y26.250I-32.841J-42.361N350G01X48.732Y16.963F800N352Y44.361F1000N354X26.357N356G02X48.732Y16.963I-26.357J-44.361N358G0

19、1X50.732F800N360Y46.361F1000N362X17.631N364G02X-33.242Y-36.812I-17.631J-46.361N366G01X-31.902Y-35.327F800N368G02X-47.268Y-5.614I31.902J35.327F1000N370G01Y-51.639N372X52.732N374Y48.361N376X-17.631N378Y46.361F800N380X-26.357Y44.361N382X-32.841Y42.361N384X-38.241Y40.361N386X-39.268F1000N388Y39.362N390G

20、02X-38.241Y40.361I39.268J-39.362N392G01X-32.841Y42.361F800N394X-41.268F1000N396Y34.204N398G02X-32.841Y42.361I41.268J-34.204N400G01X-26.357Y44.361F800N402X-43.268F1000N404Y28.115N406G02X-26.357Y44.361I43.268J-28.115N408G01X-17.631Y46.361F800N410X-45.268F1000N412Y20.273N414G02X-17.631Y46.361I45.268J-2

21、0.273N416G01Y48.361F800N418X-47.268F1000N420Y5.614N422G02X-31.902Y-35.327I47.268J-5.614N424G01Z24.000F100N426G00Z100.000N428X-38.068Y-42.155N430Z23.000N432G01Z13.000F100N434X-37.264Y-41.265F800N436G02X-39.268Y-39.362I37.264J41.265F1000N438G01Y-43.639N440X-34.452N442G02X-37.264Y-41.265I34.452J43.639N

22、444G01X-35.923Y-39.781F800N446G02X-41.268Y-34.204I35.923J39.781F1000N448G01Y-45.639N450X-28.107N452G02X-35.923Y-39.781I28.107J45.639N454G01X-34.583Y-38.296F800N456G02X-43.268Y-28.115I34.583J38.296F1000N458G01Y-47.639N460X-19.826N462G02X-34.583Y-38.296I19.826J47.639N464G01X-33.242Y-36.812F800N466G02X

23、-45.268Y-20.273I33.242J36.812F1000N468G01Y-49.639N470X19.826N472Y-47.639F800N474X28.107Y-45.639N476X34.452Y-43.639N478X39.799Y-41.639N480X42.732F1000N482Y-38.623N484G02X39.799Y-41.639I-42.732J38.623N486G01X34.452Y-43.639F800N488X44.732F1000N490Y-33.021N492G02X34.452Y-43.639I-44.732J33.021N494G01X28.

24、107Y-45.639F800N496X46.732F1000N498Y-26.250N500G02X28.107Y-45.639I-46.732J26.250N502G01X19.826Y-47.639F800N504X48.732F1000N506Y-16.963N508G02X19.826Y-47.639I-48.732J16.963N510G01Y-49.639F800N512X50.732F1000N514Y16.963N516X48.732F800N518X46.732Y26.250N520X44.732Y33.021N522X43.399Y36.850N524Y39.027F10

25、00N526X41.452N528G02X43.399Y36.850I-41.452J-39.027N530G01X44.732Y33.021F800N532Y40.361F1000N534X38.241N536G02X44.732Y33.021I-38.241J-40.361N538G01X46.732Y26.250F800N540Y42.361F1000N542X32.841N544G02X46.732Y26.250I-32.841J-42.361N546G01X48.732Y16.963F800N548Y44.361F1000N550X26.357N552G02X48.732Y16.96

26、3I-26.357J-44.361N554G01X50.732F800N556Y46.361F1000N558X17.631N560G02X-33.242Y-36.812I-17.631J-46.361N562G01X-31.902Y-35.327F800N564G02X-47.268Y-5.614I31.902J35.327F1000N566G01Y-51.639N568X52.732N570Y48.361N572X-17.631N574Y46.361F800N576X-26.357Y44.361N578X-32.841Y42.361N580X-38.241Y40.361N582X-39.2

27、68F1000N584Y39.362N586G02X-38.241Y40.361I39.268J-39.362N588G01X-32.841Y42.361F800N590X-41.268F1000N592Y34.204N594G02X-32.841Y42.361I41.268J-34.204N596G01X-26.357Y44.361F800N598X-43.268F1000N600Y28.115N602G02X-26.357Y44.361I43.268J-28.115N604G01X-17.631Y46.361F800N606X-45.268F1000N608Y20.273N610G02X-

28、17.631Y46.361I45.268J-20.273N612G01Y48.361F800N614X-47.268F1000N616Y5.614N618G02X-31.902Y-35.327I47.268J-5.614N620G01Z23.000F100N622G00Z100.000N624X-38.068Y-42.155N626Z22.000N628G01Z12.000F100N630X-37.264Y-41.265F800N632G02X-39.268Y-39.362I37.264J41.265F1000N634G01Y-43.639N636X-34.452N638G02X-37.264

29、Y-41.265I34.452J43.639N640G01X-35.923Y-39.781F800N642G02X-41.268Y-34.204I35.923J39.781F1000N644G01Y-45.639N646X-28.107N648G02X-35.923Y-39.781I28.107J45.639N650G01X-34.583Y-38.296F800N652G02X-43.268Y-28.115I34.583J38.296F1000N654G01Y-47.639N656X-19.826N658G02X-34.583Y-38.296I19.826J47.639N660G01X-33.

30、242Y-36.812F800N662G02X-45.268Y-20.273I33.242J36.812F1000N664G01Y-49.639N666X19.826N668Y-47.639F800N670X28.107Y-45.639N672X34.452Y-43.639N674X39.799Y-41.639N676X42.732F1000N678Y-38.623N680G02X39.799Y-41.639I-42.732J38.623N682G01X34.452Y-43.639F800N684X44.732F1000N686Y-33.021N688G02X34.452Y-43.639I-44.732J33.021N690G01X28.107Y-45.639F800N692X46.732F1000N694Y-26.250N696G02X28.107Y-45.639I-46.732J26.250N698G01X19.826Y-47.639F800N700X48.7