Chicago Manual and MLA and APA.docx

1、Chicago Manual and MLA and APAChicago ManualBook with one authorCMoSAuthors last name, First name and Initial. Title italics. Publication location:Publishing company, Year.example:Townsend, Robert. The Medieval Village Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993. topBook with an editorCMoSE

2、ditors last name, First name and Initial, ed. Title italics. Publication location:Publishing company, Year.example:Mcrae, Murdo William, ed. The Literature of Science: Perspectives on Popular Science Writing. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1993. topJournal article - one author CMoSAuthors last

3、 name, First name and Initial. Title of the Article. Journal Title italics Volume number (Year): page numbers.example:Yeh, Michelle. The Cult of Poetry in Contemporary China. Journal of Asian Studies 55 (1996): 51-80. topJournal article - 3 authors CMoSAuthors last name, First name, Authors First na

4、me and Last name, andAuthors First name and Last name. Title of the Article. Journal Title italics Volume number, no. issue number (Month or season (if given) Year): page numbers.example:White, Sabina, Andrew Winzelberg, and James Norlin. Laughter and Stress. Humor 5, no. 3 (1992): 343-55. topNewspa

5、per articleCMoSAuthors last name, First name. Title of the article. Newspaper Title italics(city, if applicable) month day year, edition if applicable. URL (if consulted online)example: Greiner, Lynn. Wrists on fire? Tech gear for what ails you. Globe and Mail (Toronto) January 27, 2011. Note that a

6、ccording to the Chicago Manual of Style, citations to items in daily newspapers are more commonly made in the text, and need not be mentioned in the reference list.example:In the article entitled Wrists on fire? Tech gear for what ails you, published in the Globe and Mail , January 27, 2011, Lynn Gr

7、einer noted that. topOnline articleCMoSAuthors last name, First name and Initial. Article title. Articles original source publication date: page numbers. Access date (if required). DOI (Digital Object Identifier, if present) or URL.examples:Arnott, Gareth, and Robert W. Elwood. “Assessment of fighti

8、ng ability in animal contests.” Animal Behaviour 77, no. 5 (2009): 991-1004. Accessed March 21, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.02.010.Bonner, W. Nigel. “Environmental assessment in the Antarctic.” Ambio 18, no.1 (1989): 83-39. http:/www.jstor.org/stable/4313530Daley, Beth. “A Tale of a Whale: Scie

9、ntists, Museum are Eager to Study, Display Rare Creature.” Boston Globe, June 11, 2002, third edition. NewsBank Access World News (0206110256).Zimmer, Carl. “DNA Studies Suggest Emperor Is Most Ancient of Penguins.” New York Times, October 11, 2005, late edition. LexisNexis Academic.Note that it is

10、always necessary to cite the original source of an article even if the article was retrieved from an on-line database or other such electronic source. DOI is preferred, but if not available, use the shortest, most stable form of the URL. For library databases, if no DOI or persistent URL is availabl

11、e, include the name of the database and, in parentheses, any identification number provided, if present. (CMoS 16, p.763)Chicago style does not require including an access date. However, if your professor or publisher asks for this, include it after the journal information or publication date, for e

12、xample, Accessed July 8, 2010. topLectureCMoSAuthors last name, First name and Initial (if given). Title of the lecture. Themeeting title. The sponsoring organization (if given). Location. Month Day Year.example:Atwood, Margaret. Silencing the Scream. Boundaries of the ImaginationForum, MLA Conventi

13、on. Royal York Hotel. Toronto. December 29, 1993.Note that if a lecture is unpublished and wont be published, it is necessary to only cite the lecture in the text.example:During a class lecture on December 12, 1998, Dr. L. Scott noted that. topInterviewCMoSIf the interview is published and/or broadc

14、ast:Interviewees last name, First name and Initial. Title of the interview (ifgiven). Interview (if untitled) with interviewers name. Radio, TV program, or Journal title. Program producers (if pertinent). Month, Day, Year, edition (if radio, TV, or periodical). Publication location: Publishing compa

15、ny, year (if given). Page numbers (if given).example: Gordimer, Nadine. Interview. New York Times, late ed., October 10, 1991.example:Lansbury, Angela. Interview. Off-Camera: Conversations with the Makers of Prime-Time Television, eds. Richard Levinson and William Link, New York: Plume-NAL, 1986. 82

16、-86.If the interview is unpublished and/or unbroadcast:Interviewees last name, First name. Interview by interviewers first and last name. Interview format. Location, month day, year. Location of the transcript if applicable.example:Roemer, Merle A. Interview by author. Tape recording. Millington, MD

17、., July 26, 1973. topWeb siteCMoSAuthors Last Name, First Name. Title of the web site. Month day, Year of Publication. URL.example: Kehoe, Brendan P. Zen and the Art of the Internet. January 1992,http:/freenet.buffalo.edu/popmusic/zen10.txt. topE-mailCMoSAuthors last name, first name. E-mail to reci

18、pients first and last name, monthday, year.example:Danford, Tom. E-mail to Terry Craig, September 13, 1993.Note that according to the Chicago Manual of Style, e-mail is regarded as personal communication, and therefore ultimately needs only to be cited in the text.example:In an e-mail memo to Terry

19、Craig on the 13th of September, 1993, Tom Danford state that. topArt Works CMoSWorks of art reproduced in a printed source (treat as book chapter) Artists last name, first name. Title of art work, medium, date of art work (Institution where art work is housed (if known), city where housed if not alr

20、eady named). In Title of printed source italicized, by Author of printed source, page or plate/figure/slide number. Place of publication: publisher, date.example: Cassatt, Mary. Mother and Child, oil on canvas, c.1890 (Wichita Art Museum). In American Painting: 1560-1913, by John Pearce, slide 22. N

21、ew York: McGraw, 1964.Works of art reproduced in electronic sourceArtists last name, first name. Title of art work, medium, date of art work (Institution where art work is housed (if known), city where housed if not already named). URL.example: Monet, Claude. Meadow with Haystacks at Giverny, oil on

22、 canvas, 1885(Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). http:/www.artstor.org.Note that it is optional to give the date of the artwork. topMore Information & Examples CMoSHere are summaries of changes and a quick guide from the publishers web site:Whats new in the 16th EditionSignificant Rule Changes in the 16t

23、h EditionChicago-Style Citation Quick GuideResearch and Documentation online: History (Diana Hacker) - gives examples for in-text notes and bibliography entries, along with a sample paper in Chicago style. Includes examples for many other types of material besides those shown above. Also includes gu

24、idelines on formatting a paper.Chicago Manual of Style - from Purdues Online Writing Lab (OWL), this guide includes examples using the notes-bibliography format. Based on the new 16th edition.Chicago Manual of Style Notes-Bibliography System Style Guide Chicago Manual of Style Author-Date System Sty

25、le GuideFrom Ohio State University. These guides include examples using both the footnotes-bibliography style (recommended in the arts, literature and history), and the bibliography and in-text author-date style citations (recommended in the sciences). Based on the new 16th edition.Turabian GuidesTu

26、rabian Quick Guide - gives examples for two basic documentation systems, notes-bibliography style and parenthetical citationsreference list style. From the publishers web site.Turabian Citation Guide (based on Chicago Style) - uses the newer parenthetical reference/reference list style. From Concord

27、ia University, Montreal.Turabian Style Guide (based upon Chicago Style) - created by University of Southern Mississippi.In-text CitationChicago: Author/Date StyleDocumentation 2, also called the Author-Date style, requires the use of parenthetical references in the text of the essay as well as a lis

28、t of References. Parenthetical references should be placed at the end of the sentence, before the period, when a resource has been used. If the sentence is either long enough or complex enough so that the cited portion of the sentence is not obvious, the parenthetical reference may instead be insert

29、ed immediately after the use of information from the source. Page numbers should be included whenever possible.General Form: (Author Last Name Year of Publication, Page #)Example: (Smith 1992, 142)The following examples illustrate parenthetical reference formats for works with more than one author.(

30、Smith and Johnson 1998, 14)(Smith, Johnson, and White 2001, 42)(Smith et al. 1998, 203)(National Alliance for Social Consideration 1932, 11)When organizations or corporate authors are the author of a text, the name of the organization may be shortened to its most basic title. Abbreviations for the o

31、rganization are not encouraged.In the Chicago style, daily newspapers are rarely included in a list of References. Instead, attribution may be given to information from a daily newspaper in a parenthetical reference. General Form: (Newspaper Name, Day Month Year of Publication, Section and Page #)Examples: (San Antonio Express-News, 2 June 2005, B2)(New York Times, 2 June 2005, A2)(Durant Daily Democrat, 2 June 2005, 3)The Chicago style guide does not offer ex