高考考点复习之介词及练习题答案解析Word下载.docx

1、介词后面跟宾语，一般有名词、宾格代词或动名词，短语或从句作它的宾语。三、常用介词辨析：（1）表时间的介词1）at, in on表示时间点用at。例如：at six oclock.表示在世纪，年，月，季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in May, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。2） in, afterIn 与将来时态连

2、用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。He will be back in two months.他在两个月后回来。He will arrive after four oclock四点钟后，他到达。He returned after a month.一个月后，他回来了。3）since, from和forsince 指从某时一直延续至今的，后接时间点，主句用完成时。He has studied English since 2000.他从2000年开始一直学习英

3、语。from 说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来的时态。From now on, I will learn English in the mornings.从现在开始，我每早上都要学习英语。for 指动作延续贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，主句用完成时。 例如： I have studied English for six years.我学习英语六年了。4）until和by by意为“不迟于某时间”，其前多用结束性动词。 例如： We can finish the work by the end of this month.在这个月结束前我们可以完成这项工作。 until用于否定句中，意为“直

4、到才”，用在肯定句中，意为“直到为止” 例如：I didnt go to bed until my mother came home.直到我妈妈回家我才会上床睡觉。I waited for my mother until she came home.我等我的妈妈直到她回家为止。牛刀小试：1.His son suddenly returned_A_ a cold rainy night. A. on B. at C. in D. for 2. The accident happened _ in_ the morning.I was born _ on_ the evening of Oct.

5、1st, 1949. 3. My father will be back _in_ two weeks. I was doing my homework _at_ this time yesterday.I have lived in Beijing _since_ I was born.I have taught in Beijing _for_over ten years.答案：. in; at; since; for;（2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, onat一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。He arrived in Shanghai

6、 yesterday.他昨他天到达上海。They arrived at a small village before dark.他们在天黑前到达一个小村庄。The teacher put up a picture on the wall.老师把一幅画挂在墙上。2）in, to和onin表示在某一地区的某方位（属于某范围）；to表示某一地区之外的某方位（不属于该范围）；on表示与某地相邻或接壤，或表示位于某河畔或湖畔。 Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国的北部。 Japan is to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。Mongol

7、ia is on the north of China.蒙古国在中国的北方。3）over, above, onover, on和above都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上面。There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架桥。We flew above the clouds.我们飞越云层。They put some flowers on the teachers desk.他们把一些花放在讲

8、桌上。4）across, through,overacross和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示横穿某一平面，或横过某一线形物。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示从物体的内部穿过。Over是指越过某一障碍物。The dog ran across the grass.狗跑过草地。They walked through the forest.他们穿过森林。The lion went over the mountain.狮子翻越了高山。5） in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前

9、面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部”，在某个范围以内。There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大楼前有一些高树。The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老师坐在教室前面。1.China lies_B_ the east of Asia and_ the north of Australia, A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on 2.Last month , students had to h

10、ave their lessons by Internet _B_ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 3.I live near the lake. I often play _on_ the beach with my friend. 4.There are many apples _on_ the tree. The birds are singing _in_ the tree. 3、介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定

11、搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for， wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, pay for,care for等。（2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end,spendon等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配be late

12、 for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for,be famous for,be kind to等。1.Bob goes to school _C_ every day . Its 5 minutes walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 2.Mr. Wang is very kind _to_ us.3. Edison was very intere

13、sted _in_ science when he was a boy.4.I get _to_school _on_time everyday.5. My father paid 10,000 yuan _for_ the TV set.My father spent 10,000 yuan _on_ the TV set.4、易混知识清单一 1. between 和among的区别： between常指 “在（两者）之间”。among用于指“在（三者或三者以上的人或物）之间”。 Maria sits between Lucy and Lily. Miss Wang stands among

14、 her students. 2.in, with和by表示“用”时的区别 in主要表示 “用语言、声音等”，with表示“用具体有形的东西”;by表示“用手段或方式”，后常接动名词。 Can you sing this song in English? I write my homework with a pen. The girl made money by selling flowers. 3、 but, besides和except的区别： but表示 “除之外”，常与有否定意义的词连用。当but前有动词do时，but后接动词原形；except所带的人或物，前面常有all, every

15、, any, on及其他复合词；besides表示“除之外（还有）”，它的意义是在原来的基础上加上besides除外的人或物，其前常有other, another, other, any other, a few等词。 We can do nothing but wait.除了等我们什么也做不了。 All the students go to the zoo except Jim. 除了Jim，所有的学生都去动物园了。I have a few good friends besides you. 除了你之外，我还有几个好朋友。 4. to和at表行为对象时的区别。 At同某些动词连用，表攻击的目

16、标，含有某种程度的恶意；to只表示方向，无恶意。 Dont laugh at others, its impolite.She came to me and shook my hand warmly. 5. of和in用于最高级结构中的区别。 若主语和比较范围一致，无从属关系，一般用of,后接数词或可数名词复数；若主语属于比较的一部分用in, in后一般是可数名词的单数。 Tom is the tallest boy of the four.Tom is the tallest boy in the class. 6. by, in和on表旅行方式。by: 不涉及交通工具的名词时用。如：by

17、sea, by air；涉及交通工具的名词用单数，用前面不加冠词或任何修饰语。by ship, by plane。当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时，用on或in,名词前应有冠词物主代词指示代词等修饰语。在开放或半封闭型工具前用on, 在封闭型工具前用in。on my bike, in a car.7.with的不同用法：有，带着。I have to go to school with my homework tomorrow.表方式或工具，write with a pen用钢笔书写表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花园的房子。1. Some shops open_

18、B_ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. A. at B. between C. from D. about 2. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?- Im going there _B_ my car. A. by B. in C. to D. on 3. His mother cares _for_ nothing _but_ money. 4. We will go to the cinema _except

19、_ Tom because he lost his ticket.He is good _at_ physics and chemistry _besides_math.四、考点诠释1、考查简单介词的用法1.-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?一_July 1st，1997福州市A On B In C At D For A 本题的四个选项都可以放在表示时间的单词（组）前面，in，on，at往往在时间点的前面，for往往引导一个时间段。1997年7月1日是一个具体的时间，在具体到某一天，用介词on。2.Id like a cup of cof

20、fee _some sugar and milk. 广东省A. in B. to C. of D. withD A选项介词in，表示“在里面”；B选项介词to表方向，意为“到，向”；C项of表“所属关系”，意为“的”；D项介词with作“带有；用_力口”等讲。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。”可知，选项D正确。3，-Oh, so many people in the amusement park!- Nobody likes to stay at home _ Sunday morning. 太原市A. in B. on C. atB此题考查介词的用法。三个选择都可以用来表示时间，at多用

21、于具体时间点前，在上、下午及晚上常用介词in，但具体到某一天的上、下午要用介词on。2、考查介词之间的辨析1.The moon light is coming in _ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. 成都市A, across B. through C. over B across表示平面穿过，through从内部穿过，over表示越过某一障碍物。“月光透过窗子射进来”故选B2.Be careful when you come _ the street, because the traffic is very busy at

22、 the moment. （山东济宁） A. across B. behind C. between D. overA。本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿，因此要用across。3.-Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, Its too dangerous.-Lets go and help him _the road. 河南省A. through B. along C. across D. overC横穿马路要用across表示“从一边到另一边”而不用through，through用于穿过森林等。Along表示沿着走

23、3、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配1.You must always be careful _ electricityIts dangerous沈阳市A to B at C for DwithDbe careful with（ofabout）对注意（警惕），句意为“你必须时刻注意用电，那很危险。”2.Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam _ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! 哈尔滨市A. on B. with C. withoutB考查介词用法。with a light heart

24、以一种轻松的心态（with表伴随）。with是中考的重要考点，有如下几种用法：有，带着表方式或工具，write with a pen用钢笔书写表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花园的房子。3.Mary bought a house _a small garden. She will move in next week. 昆明市A. from B. with C. for D. ofB本题由句意人手，玛丽买了一处“带有”花园的房子，这儿可用介词with，意为“具有；带有”，所以B项正确。4.一I hear you have got a ticket _ the Bei

25、jing Olympics一YesI got it _my uncle黄冈市A of；from B toby C to；from Dfor；toC考查介词的用法。本题易错选项为A . 的答案钥匙票，都要用to，而不能用of。故不能选A。5.It was a great day but We did not enjoy it_ the beginning苏州Aon Bfor Cwith DatD此处考查固定短语“在开始时”，用介词at，故选D。6.It is important _us students to make a plan _our studies before a new term

26、starts连云港）Afor；for Bof：for Cto；of Dwith：onA此题考查介词for的用法，第一空It is important for sbto do sth；第二空for our studies为我们的学习，表目的。7.Its necessary for us to take one hours exercise every day. I agree _you. 吉林省A. at B. to C. on D. withD agree with sb同意某人的观点。注意agree with与agree to的区别。；agree to+动词原形“同意干某事”。8.一How

27、are you going to the Summer Palace?一Were going there _bike北京市A for B at C of Dby D考查短语by bike骑自行车”。要注意区分：take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。9.This _woman has devoted all her life_ caring for the poor 连云港Amodest；with Bkind; to Cselfish；for Dunfair；atB第一空意为“这位善良的妇女”，故选kind，第二空，devoteto指献身于，to后跟动名词或名词，故本题选B