河北省学位英语常考语法.docx

1、河北省学位英语常考语法第一节 动词的时态考试重点：一般现在时（if 从句和as soon as 从句）；进行时表将来；现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别；完成时瞬间动词以及have （has）been, have（has）gone的区别；过去完成时的时间状语；将来完成时。一、一般现在式：1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态：常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。例：He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实，所以一般不用时间状语。例：

2、The earth is round. 地球是圆的。3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。例：I dont think you are right.我以为你错了。4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作：常用的连词有as soon as，when，till，if。（1）They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing（答案：B）（1996年22题）（2）When the mixture _, i

3、t will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated（答案：C）（1992年59题）二、一般过去时：1、表示过去的动作或状态：常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。例：Youve already missed too many classes this term .You _ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had missedD.

4、 have missed（答案：A。有具体的时间状语要用过去时。）（1995年59题）2、used to do sth：过去常常做例：I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。（意味着现在不在早晨散步了。）3、it is high time（that）句型中，谓语动词用过去时。例：Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up（答案：B）（1999年31题）三、一般将来时1、will（shall）+原形动

5、词：表示将来的动作或状态。例：He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。2、be going to +动词原形：表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。例：Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗？3、be to +动词原形： 表示安排或计划好了的动作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。4、be about to +动词原形：表示即将发生的动作。5、例：The lecture is abou

6、t to begin.讲座即将开始。6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如：go ,come, start, arrive， leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。（1）We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。（2）The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。四、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句。例：He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。五、现在进行时1、表示此

7、时此刻（说话时）正在进行的动作。例：The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作，但此刻并不一定在进行。例：I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。六、过去进行时1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。例：He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。2、when 和while 的用法（1）I

8、 fell and hurt myself while I _tennis.A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played（答案：A。连接词when 表示时间上的点，其所引导的句子用过去时，while 表示持续的一段时间，其所引导的句子用过去进行时。）（1998年43题）（2）When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking（答案为B）（1999年35题）（3）One of the guar

9、ds _ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has slept B. were sleeping C, slept D. was sleeping（答案为D）（1996年23题）3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。例：He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。七、现在完成时1、表示动作刚刚结束（常和just, no

10、w, already, yet等词连用）；或表示动作的结果（一般不用时间状语）。（1）Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯已经关上了）（2）I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在我还没有找到这支笔。）2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在，并且可能会继续延续下去（常用since引导的短语或从句，或由for 引导的短语连用）。（1）He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿已经三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）（2）Theyve known each othe

11、r since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还继续来往）3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since.（过去时）英语中有些动词不能延续， 因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。（1）He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into（答案：C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时，只能用含有持续意义的动词，不可用瞬间性动词。1995年49题）（2）It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我离

12、开上海已经三年了。（如果是非延续动词，这时常用 it is +时间+since 的句型代替，从句用过去时态。）4、have（has）been to 和have （has）gone to 的区别have（has ）been to：去过某地（表示某人的一种经历），可以和once，twice，often，never，ever 连用。have（has）gone to：去某地了（表示某人已经离开此地，在去某地的路途上或已在某地，所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称），此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。（1）He has gone to America.（意思为他已经去了美国，现在不在此地）（2）He has b

13、een to America twice. 他去过美国两次。八、过去完成时1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作（即过去的过去）。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。例：About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _ paper.A. inventedB. had inventedC. have inventedD. had been invented（答案：B）（1997年35题）2、表示从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到另一个过去的时间的

14、动作。例：The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on（答案：A）（1995年24题）3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中，由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序，因此，主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示，而不用过去完成时。例：I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。4、过去完成时常用在no sooner th

15、an, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen，一就。句型之中，句子到装。（1）No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go.A. thanB. whenC. asD. while（答案为A）（1997年50题）（2）Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门，蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。九、将来完成时：表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。1、By the time John gets home, his aunt

16、 _.A. will haveB. leavesC. will have leftD. is leaving（答案：C）（1995年25题）2、I _ writing the article by the time you get back.A. shall finishB. must have finishedC. have finishedD. shall have finished（答案：D） （2000年24题）十、现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作，这个动作一般会继续延续下去，或是到说话时结束， 但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。例：I _ on the doo

17、r for ten minutes now without an answer.A. was knockingB. am knockingC. knockingD. have been knocking（答案：D）（1998年49题）第二节 被动语态考试重点：感官动词和使役动词的被动语态；动词短语的被动语态；情态动词的被动语态；用主动表示被动的含义。一、感官动词及使役动词（如：see，feel，hear，watch，make，bid）在主动语态中用无to不定式做宾补，改为被动语态时要加to。1、The middle-aged man was seen _ out of the house on

18、 the afternoon of the murder.A. cameB. comeC. to comeD. have come（答案为C）（2000年58题）2、We were made to study harder. 我们被要求努力学习。二、有些动词后面接一个介词或副词，构成短语。变被动语态时，短语动词做及物动词用。1、The children are well looked after. 这些孩子得到了很好的照顾。2、The doctor has been sent for. 已经派人去请大夫了。三、情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。1、The work must b

19、e finished before lunch. 这项工作必须在午饭前干完。2、Nothing can be seen from here. 从这儿什么也看不见。四、用主动表示被动的含义常用：need/require +doing sth（=to be done）（此句型主语大多为物）例：My room is a mess. It needs _.A to be tidying upB. tidying upC. to tidy upD. tidied up（答案为B）（2000年47题）第三节 情态动词考试重点：情态动词+完成时情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。

20、情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起构成谓语。根据这几年的考试看，着重测验情态动词接完成时的用法。一、must +现在完成时表示对已发生的事情的一种肯定的猜测。1、Mr. Green _ my letter, otherwise he would have replied before now.A. must have receivedB. must have failed to receiveC. must receiveD. must fail to receive（答案：B）（1998年44题）2、I believe he _ an accident, otherwise he w

21、ould have arrived on time.A. would have hadB. could have hadC. should have hadD. must have had（答案为D）（2001年58题）二、should （ought to ）+完成时表示应该做的事情而没有做，否定式表示不该做的事情做了。含有对过去的动作的责备、批评。1、They have done things they ought _.A. not to doB. not to be doneC. not to have doneD. not having done（答案为C）（1999年59题）2、Im

22、sorry I couldnt get in touch with him before he left, I _ him earlier.A. had a telephoneB. have phonedC. should have phonedD. should be phoned（答案为C）（2000年26题）三、could +完成时表示能做的事情而没有做。表示对过去能做而未做的事情感到惋惜，遗憾。1、He could have joined us, but he didnt get our invitation in time.他本来能够参加我们的，但是他没有收到我们的请贴。2、I co

23、uld have passed, but I did not study hard enough.我本来能及格的，但是没有努力学习。第四节 虚拟语气如果所表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小时，称为虚拟条件句。考试重点：虚拟语气的基本形式和用法；if的省略形式；含蓄条件句；以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句；would rather 引导的从句；以as if, as though 引导的从句；以suggest, advise, insist 等词后引导的宾语从句；It is necessary（important）that引导的主语从句；It is time （that）

24、句型中。一、虚拟语气的基本形式和用法：虚拟（条件）语气中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：1、I would ask George to lend us the money if I _ him.A. had known B. have known C. Knew D. know（答案：C。与现在的事实相反，从句用过去时）（1995年38题）2、Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?A. Spoke B. Speak C. had spoken

25、D. will speak（答案：A。与现在的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。）3、If Bob_ with us, he would have had a good time.A. would come B. would have come C. had come D. came（答案为C。与过去的事实相反，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。）（1995年59题）二、if的省略形式在虚拟条件句中， 如谓语包含were , had, should等词， 则可以把这些词放到主语前面，省略if。1、_ you were busy, I wouldnt have bothered you with my

26、 questions.A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized thatD. As I realized（答案：B。虚拟条件句有时可以省略if，而将谓语中的过去式were，had，或should等移至主语之前。）（1996年39题）2、_, I should ask them some questions.A. Should they come to us B. If they come to usC. Were they come to us D. Had they come to us（答案：A。与将来事实相反。）（

27、1997年30题）三、含蓄条件句有时一个假设的情况不用条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。常用with，without，but for。1、Without your help, we _ so much.A. didnt achieve B. would not have achievedC. will not achieve D. dont achieve（答案：B。这是一句含蓄条件句，条件暗含在介词短语without your help中，因此要用虚拟语气。）（1996年33题）2、But for the rain, we _ a nice holiday.A. sh

28、ould have B. would have hadC. would have D. will have had（答案：B。2003年28题）四、以wish（that）引导的表示“愿望”的宾语从句wish后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，而在虚拟语气中时态的应用类似在非真实条件中从句时态的应用。表示现在或将来的愿望用：主语wish 从句（主语过去时）；表示一个过去没有实现的愿望用：主语wish +从句（主语过去完成时）；1、Peter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in college.A. could study B

29、. Studied C. had studied D. would study（答案：C）（2000年53题）2、I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _ there.A. Were B. would be C. had been D. will be（答案：C）（2001年53题）五、would rather句子（过去时）1、Id _ you didnt touch that, if you dont mind.A. rather B. Better C. happier D. further（答为案：A）（1998年45题）2、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _ next month for a dinner.A. Come B. would come C. Came D. have come（答案为C）（2002年46题）