届新课标高考英语名师知识点总结专题10 主谓一致Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、 2. 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities. 桌球在一些城市里越来越受欢迎。C.就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。 There is a square table and some chairs in the center of the dining-room. 餐厅中央有一张方桌和几把椅子。 Either your stude

2、nts or William knows this. 不是你的学生就是威廉知道这件事。 注意： 一般说来，究竟何时采用何种原则，应视英语习惯用法而定。但在实际使用中，如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定，遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。 二、并列主语的主谓一致由and 连接的并列主语1. 用and（或both. and）连接并列主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。 A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 榔头和锯子都是有用的工具。 Both industry and agriculture have been greatly developed these years.

3、 这几年工农业大大地发展了。 当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西，或表示同一个人或一种概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。 The writer and teacher is speaking at the meeting. 这位教师兼作家正在会上发言。 A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on. 针线给了她，但她不会把钮扣缝起来。（a needle and thread 作为同一件东西对待） Going to bed early and getting up earl

4、y is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。（going to bed early and getting up early 被看成同一概念） Bread and butter is his usual breakfast. 他经常以黄油面包当早餐。 A cart and horse was seen in the distance. 远方看见一辆马车。 必背： 英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有： iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and

5、fork刀叉 a coat and tie配有领带的上衣 aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚2. 一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时，这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则。 Clever and slow students are treated alike. 聪明的和迟钝的学生都受到相同的对待。 A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 昨天在花园里发现一只黑白色的小花猫。 比较： A black and a white dogs are playing in the

6、 yard. 一只黑狗和一只白狗正在院子里玩。（两只狗） A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 一只黑白花狗正在院子里玩。（一只狗）3在each. and each ., every.and every., no.and no.等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。 Each boy and each girl has an apple. 每个男孩和女孩都有苹果。 Every hour and every minute is precious. 每一小时，每一分钟，都很宝贵。 No bird and no beast is seen on the

7、 lonely island. 荒岛上既看不到鸟也看不到野兽。4. 带有并列动词的what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数。 What he says and does do not agree. 他的言行不一致。（具体指他说的话和他做的事） What he says and does does not concern me. 他的言行与我无关。（泛指他的为人）5在某些成语中，一些并列主语用and相连时，其后谓语用单数形式。 All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 光工作不玩耍，聪明的孩子也会变傻。 Early to bed and

8、 early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起使人健康、富有、聪慧。以or, either.or, neither.nor, not.but, not only.but also等连接的名词（代词）作并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. 他和我今天都不愿去购物。 -Are either you or he to go there -是你还是他将去那里？ -Neither is. -一个也不去。 Not only t

9、he Writer brothers but also their father was there. 不只是莱特兄弟在那里，连他们的父亲也在。 Not the students but their teatrers but also their father was there. 被邀请去参加晚会的不是学生（们），而是他们的老师。C主语后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其

10、谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数而定，也就是说，谓语动词的数不受这些词组的影响。 The teacher as well as the students was reading in the library. 这位老师和学生们一起在图书馆阅读。 The students as well as the teacher were reading in the library. 学生们和这位老师一起在图书馆阅读。 The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任应由经理而不是工人们来承担。 Nobody

11、 but three policemen was on the spot. 当时只有三个警察在现场。三、单一主语的主谓一致单数的主语跟单数的动词，复数的主语跟复数的动词，这是符合语法一致的原则。但在实际运用中，往往会出现较为复杂的情况：A形复意单的名词作主语形复意单的名词作主语（即形式为复数，意义为单数），按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。1. 许多学科名称，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics等，以及news等名词作主语时，动词用单数。 Physics is required of every student in

12、 our school. 物理是我校每个学生的必修科目。 News is traveling fast nowadays. 当今新闻传播得很快。2. 用作国名、组织机构、书名、报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待，谓语用单数。 The United Nations has passed a resolution to lift sanctions against Iraq. 联合国通过了解除对伊制裁的决定。 The Times reports the news of the strike. 时代杂志报导了罢工的消息。 Great Expectations was written by Dic

13、kens in 1860. 远大前程是狄更斯于1860年写的。 如果山脉、群岛、瀑布等名称作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The Great Lakes lie between the USA and Canada. 五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间。 The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China. 菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部。 The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River. 尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上。3. 一些形复意单的名词，包括有成双成套部分

14、的衣物或工具名称，作主语时，谓语用复数。 My blue trousers have been worn out. 我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。 His glasses are new. 他的眼镜是新的。 这些名词如用a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。 The pair of shoes is under the bed. 这双鞋在床下。4. 单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数；用作复数意义时，谓语用复数。这类名词有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, s

15、pecies, Chinese, Japanese等。 The （This） glass works was set up in 1986. 这家玻璃厂建于1986年。 The （These） glass works are near the railway station. 这些玻璃厂在火车站附近。 This species of rose is very rare. 这种玫瑰很稀有。 The species of fish are numerous. 鱼的种类很多。 Sheep are raised for wool. 养羊是为了剪毛。 There is a sheep under the

16、 tree. 树下有一只绵羊。 当这类名词前有a, such a, this, that, every修饰时，谓语用单数；有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语用复数。 Every means has been tried out without much result. 每一种方法都试过了却没什么结果。 All means have been tried out without much result. 所有方法都试过了却没什么结果。B集合名词作主语集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体，如army, audience, class, club, company, crow

17、d, government, group, party, population, team, union等。1. 集合名词作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数，若表示构成该集合体的成员，则谓语动词用复数。 His family are waiting for him. 他的家人正在等他。 But the mans family was small-only himself and his wife. 但那人的家庭很小，只有他本人和妻子。 One third of the population here are workers. 这里人口中有三分之一是工人。 The population o

18、f the earth is increasing every year. 地球上的人口每年都在增长。2. 有些集合名词，如cattle, folk, people, police, youth等，作主语时，谓语动词用复数，即所谓的“形单意复”。 The police have caught the thief. 警察已经抓住了小偷。 The cattle are grazing in the field. 牛在田野里吃草。 Youth today are quite different from 20 years ago. 现在的年轻人和20年前大不一样。 Some folk are nev

19、er satisfied. 有些人从不知足。 几组集合名词作主语的句子。 The team is well organized. 这个队组织得很好。 The team are all tough players. 这个队的队员都很强壮。 All the class were jumping with joy. 全班同学都高兴地跳了起来。 The class is made up of 54 students. 这班由54名学生组成。 The young couple is happy. 这对年轻夫妇很幸福。 The young couple are quarrelling with each

20、other. 这对年轻夫妇正在吵架。 The village is at the foot of the mountain. 这个村子在山脚下。 All the village are out to greet him. 全村人都出来欢迎他。3有些无生命（表示物）的集合名词作主语，谓语用单数。 All the furniture in my room is new. 我房间里的家具都是新的。 Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 在寒冷的气候中，保暖的衣服是必需的。 The machinery is driven by electricity

21、. 这些机器是由电力驱动的。 Has your luggage arrived yet 你的行李已经运到了吗？ A lot of hiking equipment is needed here. 这里需要大量徒步旅行的装备。C代词作主语1名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。 Ours is a great country. 我们的（国家）是一个伟大的国家。（ours = our country） Your shoes are black, and mine are brown. 你的鞋是黑色的，我的（鞋）是棕色的。（ mine=my sho

22、es） 2such, the same等指示代词作主语时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements. 爱因斯坦就是这样一个俭朴而又取得巨大成就的人。 Such are her wishes. 她的愿望就这些。3关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands. 那些想去野餐的人请举手。 Some of t

23、he energy that is used by man comes from the sun. 一些被人类使用的能量来自于太阳。 在 one of+复数名词+whothatwhich 引导的定语从句结构中，关系代词whothatwhich的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但当one之前有 the, the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。 This is one of the best films that have been shown this year. 这是今年所放的最佳电影中

24、的一部。 She is the only one of the girls who sings best. 她是这么多女孩中唯一歌唱得最好的。4疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。 Who lives upstairs It is Xiao Wang. 谁住在楼上？小王。 Who live next door It is Li and Zhang. 谁住在隔壁？李和张。5不定代词作主语时，有以下两种情况： some, all, any, none, more, most等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词，它们作主语时，视其文中的意义，判

25、断动词用单数还是复数的形式。 Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。 All are present today, Mr Li. answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。 None is so good as he. 没有人像他那么好。 None are so good as those who are always ready to help others. 没有人像那些总是乐于助人的人那么好。 提示： 在口语中，none of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数均可，要以说话人所想的而定。 None of the t

26、elephones workswork. 这些电话都坏了。 None of us havehas been to Dalian. 我们中谁也没去过大连。 some, all, any, none, more, most等词接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形式。 Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 他的大部分业余时间都花在读书上了。 Most of the colour blind people are men. 色盲的人大多数是男的。D数词、量词作主语1. 数词作主语，不论指人还

27、是指物，谓语通常用复数。 About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道这个秘密。 Six are missing. 丢了六个。2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。 More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。3. one out of ten

28、或one in ten结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。 One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在这场事故中有十分之一的人受了伤。4. “a +单数名词 + or two” 结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。 A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。 One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。5. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。 Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。 Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好几个男孩到过那城堡。6. “one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。 One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。 One and a half years has passed. 一年半时间过去了。7. “分数或百分数+