英语翻译技巧文档格式.docx

1、卡彭。3.He saw himself, in a smart suit, bowed into the opulent suites of Ritzes.他发现自己身着漂亮的礼服，被恭恭敬敬地引进了像里兹饭店一般的豪华旅馆的客房里下榻。4.Its true that the enemy won the battle, but theirs is but a Pyrrhic victory,” said the general.将军说：“敌人确实赢得了战斗，但他们的胜利只是皮洛士的胜利，得不偿失。”5.Nancy Reagan, and not George Gallup, may well

2、have the final say. 拥有最后发言权的，并非乔治盖洛普民意测验，而是南希里根。直译加注指直译原文，并附加解释性注释。Big Apple 大苹果（纽约的别称）Sesame Street 芝麻街（美国儿童电视连续节目，每天一小时，主要为动画片、游戏、木偶剧等。）Oval Office 椭圆形办公室（美国白宫总统办公室）Desert Storm 沙漠风暴（1991年美国领导的多国部队对伊拉克实施的军事打击行动）6.It was Friday and soon theyd go out and get drunk.星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩酊大醉。7.Dont you

3、 know that I only love you in the world- you, who are a stone to me. 你难道不知道我爱的只有你？你对我就像石头一样冥顽不灵。8.While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr. Alistair Cooks excellent article.我想给阿利斯太尔库克先生的杰作稍加几笔，尽管这也许是为百合花上色，费力不讨好。 9.He works in the Old Lady of Thread-Needle Stree

4、t. 他在绰号叫“针线街老太太”的英格兰银行工作。2释义释义是指舍弃原文中的具体形象，而直接解释出原文的意思。在翻译一些具有鲜明民族色彩的词语，如成语、典故，如果直译不能使译语读者明白，而加注又使译文太罗嗦时，可采用释义法，它可使译文简洁流畅，又不损坏原文信息的传达。1.Its not easy to become a member of that club- they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick and Harry.要参加那个俱乐部并非易事他们只吸收手头阔绰的人，而不是普通人家

5、。2.Our son must go to school. He must break out of the pot that holds us in.我们的儿子一定得上学，一定要出人头地。3.Up Broadway he turned, and halted at a glittering caf, where are gathered together nightly the choicest products of the grapes, the silkworm and the protoplasm. 他拐到百老汇路上，在一家灯火辉煌的饭店前停下来，那里每晚汇集上好的美酒、华丽的衣服和

6、有地位的人物。4.Like many other southerners, I came to seek my fortune in one of those pot-at-the-end-of-the-rainbow factories.象许多其他的南方人一样，我也来到这儿，沿着尤克利大道那些根本不可能给我们提供工作的工厂找工作，做发财梦。5.Mr. Kingsley and his Red Brick boys will have to look to their laurels. 金斯利先生和他那些二流大学的学生们必须小心翼翼地保持已取得的荣誉。3增词（增词而不增义） （P26）增词是根

7、据具体情况在译文中增加一些必要的词，使译文在内容和形式上更加忠实于原文。增词一般用于以下两种情况： 一是为了语法上的需要，二是为了意义上的需要。A horse 一匹马 a book 一本书1. But he knew life, its foulness as well as its fairness, its greatness in spite of the slime that infested it 可是他懂得生活，懂得生活里的美，也懂得生活里的丑；懂得生活是伟大的，尽管生活里多是泥沼。2. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready m

8、an; and writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。 3. She had to make and receive at least fourteen presents她至少收到了十四份礼物，当然也得照样回十四份。3. These early cars were slow, clumsy, and inefficient.这些早期的汽车速度缓慢，行动笨拙，效率不高。4. He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation follow

9、ed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水，欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没了。6.Their host carved, poured, served, cut bread, talked, laughed, proposed healths.他们的主人，（又是）割啊，（又是）倒啊, （又是）布菜啊，（又是）切面包啊，（又是）谈啊，（又是）笑啊，（又是）敬酒啊，忙个不停。7I had experienced

10、oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或者两者都出故障。*英语中有 一些由动词或者形容词派生来的抽象名词，翻译时可根据上下文在其后增加适当的名词，或在其前面增加适当的形容词，使译文符合汉语表达习惯，例如:Complacency 自满情绪Unemployment 失业现象Preparation 准备工作Backwardness 落后状态，落后面貌8Arrangements have been made to give the foreign guests a warm welcome.热烈欢迎外宾的准备工作已经做好。* 有时候某

11、些单个英语名词, 为了表达的需要可以依照汉语的习惯译成四字对偶词组，例如：great contributions 丰功伟绩gratitude 感恩戴德careless 粗心大意rumors 流言蜚语4减词（减词而不减义）减词是指将原文中需要而译文中不需要的词省去。如果原文中某些词语使译文累赘罗嗦，且不合汉语语言表达习惯时，就可以省去。减词一般用于一下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省。从语法角度进行减省：因为英汉语法差异较大，英译汉时常常使用减词法。英语中的冠词、连词、介词等等通常可以省略。1.Most of the people who appear most ofte

12、n and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers历史上最经常出现、最为显赫者，大多是些伟大的征服者、将军和士兵。2.The product should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.产品出厂前应该进行抽样检查。3.Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water. 冰是固体。如果加热，就融化成水。4.I

13、 wonder if he was in time for the 7:30 train for Shanghai.（我）不知道他能否赶上7:30开往上海的火车。5.If it hadnt been for you, I dont know what I would have done. 当时要不是为了你，真不知我会做出什么事来。从修饰角度进行减省：翻译中语言必须精练简洁，因此对于那些在译文中可有可无、或者有了反而使译文显得累赘罗嗦的词语必须省去，使译文更加符合汉语表达习惯，体现译文的语言美.6.I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting

14、myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat come in to take me to the port for which I was bound.我要去见一个素不相识的陌生人，向他宣布我得住在他家、吃他的、喝他的、一直等到下一班船到来，把我带到我要去的港口为止想到这儿，我真有点不好意思了。7.Her father, finding himself n

15、ot likely to recover, after his third attack of delirium torments, wrote a manly and pathetic letter to Miss Pinkerton, recommending the orphan child to her protection她的父亲觉得自己的酒癫症已经是第三次复发，不见得有救，写了一封又豪放又动人的遗书向平克顿小姐托孤。8.Toward people with whom he didnt get on well, though, he was imperious, and when t

16、hey displeased or annoyed him, it made him snort like a bull.对于跟他合不来的人，他可是盛气凌人，谁要是触犯了他，他会气呼呼地象一头公牛。9.Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened.她那双乌黑的眼睛就像亮晶晶的星星在闪烁，他平素醒来的时候，她也是这样望着他。10.转换由于英汉语语言、语法、思维方式及表达习惯的不同，英译汉时常常使用转换法，使译文更

17、加通顺流畅，地道可读。转换的形式多种多样： 一、词类转换；二、句子成分转换；三、表达方式转换；四、自然语序与倒装语序转换；五、肯定与否定转换；六、主动与被动转换。词类转换：英汉语言在表达方式上差异较大，英译汉时并非逐字逐句对译，有时某些词类必须做一些转换，使译文流畅自然。通常有：转换为动词；转换为名词；转换为形容词；转换为副词。1.The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.因此，对于一个从事社会活动的人来讲，培养一种

18、爱好和新的情趣方式，乃是至关重要的对策。2.The sight and sound of our jet plane filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机器声，令我特别神往。3.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.我们在20年内坐视原料价格下跌与工业品价格暴涨。4.A

19、s he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。5. He added: “I understand and respect those views, but I deeply believe in the correctness of my decision.” 他还说：“我理解并尊重他们的看法，但我深信我的决定是正确的。6. It is our great pleasure to note that China has

20、made great progress in economy. 我们很高兴地看到，中国的经济已经有了很大的发展。7. I had the honor to tell you that youve won the prize. 我很荣幸地告诉你你得了奖。8. The legendary heroes robbed the rich to help the poor. 传说中的英雄劫富济贫。9. He then acted as a reluctant interpreter. 他当时并非情愿地当了一次翻译。10. The inflammation is characterized by red,

21、 swelling, fever and pain.炎症的特点是红、肿、热、痛。11. The film impressed me deeply.这部电影给我留下了深刻的印象。12He is physically weak but mentally sound.他身体虽弱，但智力正常。13. Our proposal was warmly welcomed by all the representatives. 我们的建议得到了全体代表的热烈欢迎。14. “Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, a

22、cross the veranda, and into the porch.“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊.15. Out of all the glorious tales written about the U. S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence. 读遍了关于美国为了摆脱英国统治争取独立而进行革命的堂堂纪事，也不

23、容易知道第一个为美国独立而牺牲的原来是黑人。句子成分转换句子的成分常有主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。汉译时并不一定是一个萝卜一个坑，某一句子成分必须用其对等成分来表示，而是视具体情况而定。有时对某些句子成分做些适当、灵活的转换，可以使译文更加地道通畅。1.You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late.在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那些迟到的就是大人物。2.Cheerful, efficient and warm-hear

24、ted, they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。3.Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.华盛顿州东部大部分地区的公路交通和空中航线都已陷入停顿。4.The river was wide, and was walled with solid timber on both sides; you couldnt see a break i

25、n it hardly ever, or a light.大河宽得很，两边都长着密密的树林，象两道墙似的；你简直难以瞧见那些树林有个缺口，也瞧不见有月亮。 表达方式转换英汉语言在表达方式上有着较大的差异，翻译时常得转换一些表达方式，使译文符合汉语表达习惯。英语中有些 计量词，如score，dozen，decade，quarter等，在汉语中没有相应的表达方式，所以在汉译时必须加以转换。1.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand, signed the Emancipation Procl

26、amation. 100年以前，一位伟大的每个人签署了解放宣言，我们现在就站在他象征的庇荫中。2.Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上创建了一个新的国家。3.She will be back in the late ten days of June.她将在6月下旬回来。Five decades, a quarter of century ago, the first quarter of the year50年 25年 第一季

27、度在年龄的表达上，英语并没有什么特殊的表达方式，而汉语却有自己独特的书面表达法。如30而立之年， 40不惑之年， 50知命之年， 60花甲， 70古稀等，翻译时可加以转换。4.No one believes that he is already over seventy years old.没有人相信他已经年过古稀由于英汉表达方式和习惯的不同，有时翻译时还得进行视点上的转换，从其对立面进行表达，才能使意思清楚明白。5.She has been a widow only for six months.她丈夫死了至今不过半年。6.I couldnt agree more.我完全同意。7. Is h

28、ere a special rate by the month?Yes, there is a 10% discount.按月计算有什么优惠吗？有，可以打9折。8.Such a chance has denied me. 我没有得到这样一个机会。自然语序与倒装语序转换句子的自然语序是主语在前，谓语在后，倒装语序主要是指主谓倒装。英语中倒装语序使用较多，主要是为了加强语气、突出重点、平衡句子结构等，而汉语中倒装语序使用相对较少，所以英译汉时，常常得将倒装语序转换为自然语序。1.Slowly climbs the summer moon.夏天的月亮慢慢地爬上来了。2.These differenc

29、es should not hinder us from establishing normal state relations, still less should they lead to war.这些分歧不应妨碍我们建立正常的国家关系，它们更不应该引起战争。3.In front of me walked the little man who once walked so fast I had to run to follow him. 瘦小的父亲走在前面，他曾经走得那么快，我得跑才能赶上他。4.Up the road came a sound of creaking axles, and then a slow cloud of dust, and then a bull-cart bearing Ransic Bilbro and his wife.路那头传来了轧轧的车轴滚动声，徐徐地腾起一簇灰尘，接着出现了一辆牛车，车上坐着冉西比尔布洛和他的妻子。