1、 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式。 Its +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a wa)+doing s no good reading in dim ligIts no ug here waiting. Its形容词doing s dangerous swimminga in windy da这样用的形容词有expensivg等,但importaary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式 代替,如:simportauT+doing Taying what will happen nex在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于ble to结构。 动词不定式和动名词作主语的区
2、别 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。 字串8 s no good eating too much faIts no good for you to eat so much fa动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语。s no use youding that you didnt know the rul二、作宾语 不定式作宾语 以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语。agree,ask,aim,arrangdecide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,
3、long, managlan,prepaduse,wish等,这些词大部分可接th at引导的从句。 I decided to abaI decided that I would abaWhen our varm was over,we expected to startbaWhen our varm was over, we expected that wewould start ba当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语动 词it补语to do句式。字串Wquant for us to learn a foreignlanguage wel
4、l. He feeldul介词but,except,besides+to do(do) 在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do。 Tldiers hadbut to givunday aI had nothing to do but watch TV. 动名词作宾语 以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciader,delaagdaave,suggest,dont mind,give uut off等。 I suggding our summer vacaa seaside towu mus
5、t give ugduch harm toyour heal动名词作介词的宾语 I should go to attend the birthday celebraad of staying a字串8 What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech? 动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing,havuble(in)doing,l(in)doing,prevent/stop(from)doinguse(in)doing等。 部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变。begue,start,hat
6、e,like,love,need,require,want等。 在need,require,want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为。 在下列情况下,一般要用不定式: hate,like,love前有would(should)时,如:Id lave a cu当谓语动词begue,start等是进行式时,如:Thestudents are starting to w
7、di fficult maths problbegue,start与know,understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what 字串was happening. advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语。 Our teachers donur swimminglaur teachers donus to swla部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用。 forgber,regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经
8、发生。 Dont forglHave you forggBeijing Airport? Remember to clwindows bu leavI remember writing him a letter a year agWe regll you that all of you avited toattendg. They regretted ordering these babroad. mean to do 打算做某事 doing 意味着 字串2 I meant to catch up warly buThis means wasting a ltry to do 设法尽力做某事
9、doing 试着做某事u shouldvugTry working oublem in another wado 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语) doing 停止做某事waairport,I stopped to buy a paud barguing and do as you are told. cant help doing 禁不住do不能帮助干 They couldnt help jumping up awI have lots of work to do.So I cant help to make uu. gdo 做不同的事或不同内容的事 doing 继续不停地做某事,
10、指同一动作的继续 字串He walk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势。 Well go on fighting so long aworld. leavdo 离开某地去干什么(目的状语) doing停下某事 leave off talking and to start acting. They lgg. 三、做表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kindbe cruelluut the difficulaWhat I would suggug. 当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例)。当主语
11、是aim,dudea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例),不定 式说明主语的内容。 字串7 Our wvinglWhat he laking a walk after suTld by Mr.Wangg. 句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Servingle is out work,而句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质、状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来。 四、作定语 不定式作定语 不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。 The next
12、train to arrivWashingHave you anything to be tau? Do you have anything to saquestion? Would you please givaper to write on? My wish to visit France haue at la不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系: (1)表示将来的动作(例)。 字串1 (2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例)。 (3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例);如只有动宾关系,
13、而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例)。 (4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例to arrive=that will arrive。 动名词作定语 This passage can be used as listening materialThe readingur school library can hold 800peoplAll moving bodies have energ句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来的;第句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后。The man stand
14、ing al gate is PHua. 五、不定式作补足语 作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为、状态、特征,这时意思才相 对完整。 字串2 (1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(强迫),encourage,exbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),orduade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。 Would you lgive your regards to Mary? I want you to understand the w
15、hole passage clearl(2)部分动词后常接to be形容词、名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,provu(=understand),understa nd等。 We all believe John(to be)I consider him(to be)best biology teaNo. 1 Middle School. 但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We considave been fool(3)感觉动词
16、和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to。 I didnt hear anyone say anything abouThey maudents do too much homework every day. 字串这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第句:Thestudents are made to do too much homewvery da(4)help,know后面的to可有可无。 Would you please help me(to) fillaxform? Ive never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to ha
17、ve been to France b(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:u may dependbarlThe Party calls on uase production and pra常这样用的短语动词有:aaall on,count on,depend on,wait for,long for(渴望), prepare for,wish for等。 作主语补足语 不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系。 He was not allowedlabeing laThe young univuddered to have grea字串六、不定式作状语 作目的状语 (1)
18、 I stayedwhat would haHenry has decided to gal to be examinedby the d(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as。 Bob took down my telumber so as(in order)g有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用。在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为so that,in order that,成为目的状语从句,如: I stayedat (in order that)I could see whatwould ha(3)在部分表示感情色
19、彩的形容词、过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:ad,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smilurprised等。 We are glad to heawI was surprisedat a three-year-old baby could wwell. 在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语。The quaised by thestudent is difficult to answer. 字串2 Tallable to liv常这样用的形容词有:comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficul
20、t,expensivble等。 作结果状语 We caafter our holidad our garden neat and tid不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。 soas to;suchaIupid(a fool) as to puwriting.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。m not such a stupid fool as to puwriting. enoughThe speed is high enough for us to catch up wlonlane hurried back onlddyingal. tooId to stay up long但在下列结构中,
21、tooto并非是“太而不能”之意。 Im only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了。(too修饰glad to have,相当 于very) 字串2 We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语)。 不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首、句中或句末。 To tell the trulay was a great disa常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的 话),to be sure(真的)等等。 七、动词不
22、定式、动名词的其它用法 疑问词不定式结构 疑问词who,what,which,when,where,ww后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。 When to leave for London has not been decideddidnt know wleave or staI asked PXu how to learn English well. The question was wgdded. 以上例句中疑问词不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式。When we shall leavehow I 字串2uld learn 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consi
23、der,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。 动词不定式的时态、语态 (1)时态 一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生。 Ibecome a univudar.(tobecome发生在hope之后) War Dick plaaxt room.(play和hear同时发生) 完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。avu waiting. We aung to havld进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。 The te
24、acher happened to bg our papers when IcaTd to be discussingg importa(2)语态 字串如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。s a great honour to be invited to Marys birthday party.(不定式作主语) It wable for lbe made up.(不定式作主语) I wish to bwuntry.(不定式作宾语) Can you tell me war to be repaired?(不定式作定语) He wal to be
25、 examined.(不定式作状语) 在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:Tg to do now.( We havg to do now.) Tg to be done now.(We can dg now.) 动名词的时态、语态 动名词的一般式所表示的动作可以是泛指,也可与谓语动词同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之前 、之后。字串We ad in collecting staI shall never
26、forgg the Great WallWe are not afraid of dying. 完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 Lmagine having travelledWe were praised for havingd the work ahead(2)被动语态 如果动名词的逻辑主语为动名词所表示的动作的承受者,动名词要用被动语态,动名词的被动语态有一 般式与完成式之分。 The young man came in without being noticed. He prided himself on having never been beala有些动词后的动名词用主动形
27、式,但表示被动意义。 The bike needs repairing. If a thing is worth doingworth doing well. 在口语中,为避免重复,常用代替不定式结构,有时甚至可以把to省略。字串Did you go to vGreat Wall? No,I wanted to,buwasnt enougWould you la party? Id lovDont make any mistaur homework,will you?llTry to be back by 12,wont you? OK,Ill另外,be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于这一结构中。 在why引起的问句中,省略。 Why spend such a l? Why not wait for a couple of days? 当两个或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用时,只在第一个不定式前加s quary for us to read more and hava在下列短语中是“介词”,后接动名词或名词形式。 devoteto,face up to(勇敢地面对),look forward to(盼望),object to(反对),take to(养 成习惯,对感兴趣;开始从事某种活动),be used to(习惯于)等。 字串
copyright@ 2008-2023 冰点文库 网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备19020893号-2