1、满分为120分,考试时间为100分钟。请同学们将答案写在答题卡上,务必注意你的书写。第卷第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节 (共15题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A(山东师大附中2020年月考)I was in the garden with Augie, my grandson, watching the bees. “How do they make honey?” Augie asked. “Actually, Augie, I dont know,” I replied. “
2、But, Grandma, you have your phone,” he said. For Augie, holding a smartphone almost means knowing everything.During my childhood I was crazy about books. Over time, reading hijacked my brain, as large areas once processing the real world adapted to processing the printed word. As far as I can tell,
3、this early immersion (沉浸) didnt prevent my development.Many parents worry that “screen time” will damage childrens development, but recent research suggests that most of the common fears about children and screens are unfounded. There is one exception: looking at screens before bed really disturbs s
4、leep, in people of all ages. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) used to recommend strict restrictions on screen exposure. Last year, the organization examined the relevant science more thoroughly and changed its recommendations. The new guidelines stress that what matters is what children watc
5、h and with whom.New tools have always led to panic guesses. The novel, the telephone, and the television were all declared to be the End of Civilization, particularly in the hands of the young. Part of the reason may be that adult brains require a lot of focus and effort to learn something new, whil
6、e childrens brains are designed to master new environments naturally. New technologies always seem disturbing to the adults attempting to master them, while attractive to those children like Augie.When Augies father got home, Augie rushed to meet him and said in excitement. “Daddy, Daddy, look,” he
7、said, reaching for my phone. “Do you know how bees make honey? Ill show you”1. Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “hijacked” in Paragraph 2? A. occupied. B. damaged. C. improved. D. relaxed.2. What do the new guidelines of AAP focus on about “screen time”? A. The harm to chi
8、ldren. B. The content and context. C. Childrens sleep. D. Peoples fears.3. What might be the authors attitude towards “screen time”? A. Opposed. B. Doubtful. C. Disappointed. D. Favorable.4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. Augies father might get angry for Augie used a phone.B. Augie
9、 asked his father about how bees make honey.C. Augies father didnt know how to answer Augies question.D Augie was excited to know new knowledge through the smart phone.BTheres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that p
10、rint, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isnt stopping there.Food productionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it
11、easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that are “exactly the same,” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed,rather than farm to table.Sustainability(可持续性)The global population is
12、 expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydro
13、colloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock food that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requireme
14、nts.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket
15、, youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, bec
16、ause ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food rest
17、aurants than homes and high-end restaurants.5. What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production? It helps cooks to create new dishes.B. It saves time and effort in cooking.C. It improves the cooking conditions.D. It contributes to restaurant decorations.6. What can we learn about 3D food print
18、ing from Paragraphs 3?A. It solves food shortages easily.B. It quickens the transportation of food.C. It needs no space for the storage of food.D. It uses renewable materials as sources of food.7. According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _.A. is more available to consumersB. can meet individual nut
19、ritional needsC. is more tasty than food in supermarketsD. can keep all the nutrition in raw materials8. What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?A. The printing process is complicated.B. 3D food printers are too expensive.C. Food materials have to be dry.D. Some
20、experts doubt 3D food printing.CWhy You Should Celebrate Your MistakesWhen you make a mistake, big or small, cherish(珍视) it like its the most precious thing in the world, because in some ways, it is. Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes, beat ourselves up about it, feel like failures, get mad a
21、t ourselves.And thats only natural: most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad, that we should try to avoid mistakes. Weve been scolded when we make mistakes at home, school and work. Maybe not always, but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconsciou
22、s reaction. Yet without mistakes, we could not learn or grow. If you think about it that way, mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the world: they make learning possible; they make growth and improvement possible. By trial and error-trying things, m
23、aking mistakes, and learning from those mistakes-we have figured out how to make electric light, to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, to fly. Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler, make speech possible, make works of genius possible. Think about how we learn: we dont just co
24、nsume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it. You dont just read about painting, or writing, or computer programming, or baking, or playing the piano, and know how to do them right away. Instead, you get information about something, from reading or from another person
25、 or from observing usually.then you construct a model in your mind.then you test it out by trying it in the real world.then you make mistakes.then you revise the model based on the results of your real-world experimentation and repeat, making mistakes, learning from those mistakes, until youve prett
26、y much learned how to do something. Thats how we learn as babies and toddlers, and how we learn as adults. Mistakes are how we learn to do something new, because if you succeed in something, its probably something you already knew how to do. You havent really grown much from that success-at most its
27、 the last step on your journey, not the whole journey. Most of the journey was made up of mistakes, if its a good journey. So if you value learning, if you value growing and improving, then you should value mistakes. They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.9. Why do most of
28、us feel bad about making mistakes?A. Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.B. Because its a natural part in our life.C. Because weve been taught so from a young age.D. Because mistakes have ruined many peoples careers.10. According to the passage, what is the right attitude to mistakes?A. We should
29、try to avoid making mistakes.B. We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.C. We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.D. We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.11. The underlined word toddler in Paragraph 6 probably means _.A. a small child learning to wal
30、kB. a kindergarten child learning to drawC. a primary school pupil learning to readD. a school teenager learning to write12. We can learn from the passage that _.A. most of us can really grow from successB. growing and improving are based on mistakesC. we learn to make mistakes by trial and errorD.
31、we read about something and know how to do it right awayD(山西省运城市景胜中学2019-2020学年度第二学期模考)A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops(笔记本电脑).Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度). But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “
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