149 专升本英语词汇辨析.docx

1、149 专升本英语词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth 指布，为不可数名词；clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件；accident 指不幸的事故，例：He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可数名词；number 后接可数名词，例：a number of students4. family, house, home

2、home 家，包括住处和家人；house 房子，住宅；family 家庭成员，例：My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音；voice 人的嗓音；noise 噪音，例：I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片；picture 可指相片，图片，电影片， 例：Lets go and see a good picture.drawing 画的画。7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 词汇，一个

3、人拥有的单词量，例：He has a large vocabulary.word 具体的单词。8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数，例：China has a large population.people 具体的人。9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况；climate 长期的气候状况，例：The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路，例：take this roadstreet 街道，例：in the str

4、eetpath 小路，小径；way 道路，途径，例：Show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多门科目），例：a summer coursesubject 科目（具体的学科）12. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do；habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. 例：Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing st

5、h；reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）；exercises 练习（可数）；practice（反复做的）练习，例：Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。指课文用lesson，例：Lesson 6，第6课；指班级或全体学生用class，例：Class 5，5班。16. speech, talk, lecturespeec

6、h 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说；talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话；lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课，例：a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官，例：an army officerofficial 政府官员。18. work, job二者均指工作。work 不可数；job 可数，例：a good job19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或动物；pair 多指由两部分组成的东西，例：a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landc

7、ountry 侧重指版图，疆域；nation 指人民，国民，民族；state 侧重指政府，政体；land 国土，国家，例：The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 厨师，例：He is a good cook.cooker 厨具。22. damage, damagesdamage 不可数名词，损害，损失；damages 复数形式，赔偿金，例：$900 damages23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，例：The police are questioning everyon

8、e in the house.policeman 指某个具体的警察。24. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为think about, solve, raise；question 常和疑问连系，多和ask, answer连用。25. man, a manman 人类；a man 一个男人，例：Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉；例：The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram指具体

9、的；例：a telegramtelegraph指抽象的；例：by telegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的；trip 指短期的旅途；例：a three-day tripjourney 指稍长的旅途；voyage 指海上航行。29. sport, gamesport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；例：His favorite sport is swimming.game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则。30. price, prizeprice 价格；例：The price is high/low.pr

10、ize 奖，奖品，奖金；例：win the first prize31. a number of, the number ofa number of 许多，谓语动词用复数；the number of 的数目，谓语动词用单数。例：The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面；in the front of 范围内的前面 例：In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day 每一

11、天的，当时的，当代的，例：a famous scientist of the day；of a day 暂时的，不长久的。34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个；the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）例：The three of us - Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，例：They went there by bus.on the bus 表范围。36. for a moment, fo

12、r the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，例：Thinking for a moment, he agreed.for the moment 暂时，一时。37. next year, the next yearnext year 将来时间状语；the next year 过去将来时间状语，例：He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多；more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）。39. take

13、 advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意见；take the advice 接受忠告 例：He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏；take the air 到户外去，散步 例：We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之，一句话，例：In a word, you are right.in words 口头上。42. in place

14、of, in the place ofin place of 代替；in the place of 在地方，例：A new building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语，例：My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩；one girl 一个女孩，例：Can

15、one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtake a chair 相当于sit down坐下；take the chair 开始开会。46. go to sea, by seago to sea 当海员，出航；by sea 乘船，由海路；by the sea 在海边。47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师；the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个

16、医生和一个老师。48. in office, in the officein office 在职的，例：He is in office, not out of office.in the office 在办公室里。49. in bed, on the bedin bed 卧在床上，例：He is ill in bed.on the bed 在床上，例：The book is on the bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料，例：He is in charge of the matter.in the charge

17、 of 由照料，例：The matter is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在课上；in the class 在班级里，例：He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火，例：The house is on fire.on the fire 在火上，例：Put the food on the fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫无疑

18、问的；out of the question 不可能的。54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一；the second 第，例：He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天；by the day 按天计算，例：The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人；a people 指民族，例：The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同一物体；one

19、 同类不同一，例：I lost my pen. I have to buy a new one.58. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的；例：I was ill. Thats whythis 导出下文所要说的。59. none, nothing, no onenone 强调有多少；nothing, no one 强调有没有；nothing 指物，no one 指人。60. anyone, any oneanyone 指人，不能接of；any one 指人物均可，可接of 例：any one of you61. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系；what 指职业或地位，例：W

20、hat is your dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的；which 在一定范围内进行选择，例：Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother 后接名词复数，例：other studentsanother 后接名词单数，例：another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常；not a bit 一点也不，例：Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, m

21、uch, a lot ofmany 和可数名词连用，例：I havent many books.much 和不可数名词连用；a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句。66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan 后接形容词或不可数名词，例：much more water, much more beautifulmany morethan 后接可数名词，例：many more people67. no, notno=not a/any例：no friend=not a/any friend; no water=not any water68

22、. no more than, not more thanno more than 相当于only，仅仅，只有；not more than 至多，不超过。69. majority, mostmajority 只能修饰可数名词，例：the majority of peoplemost 可数不可数均可。70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的，独自的；for oneself 为自己；to oneself 供自己用的；of oneself 自行的，自动的，例：The door opened of itself.

23、71. at all, after allat all 根本，全然；after all 到底，毕竟，例：After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall 常指人或动物，例：He is tall.high 常指物体。73. fast, quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，例：run fastquickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快，例：answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh 具体的高；highly 抽象的高，高度的，例：think highly of75. healthy, he

24、althfulhealthy 健康的，健壮的；healthful 有益于健康的，例：healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep,sleepysleeping 正在睡觉，例：a sleeping babyasleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，例：The baby is asleep.sleepy 困的，有睡意的，例：Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品，例：a gold ringgolden 指金色的，但金鱼用gold fish78. most, mostlymost 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时

25、是形容词或名词，例：most peoplemostly 大部分，是副词，例：the people are mostly79. just, veryjust 表强调时是副词，作状语，例：just the manvery 表强调时是形容词，用作定语，例：the very man80. wide, broadwide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离；broad 侧重于幅面的宽广，例：broad shoulders81. real, truereal 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，例：real goldtrue 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合，例：a true story82. re

26、spectful, respectablerespectful 尊敬，有礼貌，例：be respectful to the agedrespectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的。83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面；outward 还可用作形容词，例：an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant 常用作定语；pleased, pleasing 常用作表语；pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物，例：a pleasant trip; The trip is pleasing.

27、85. understanding, understandableunderstanding 明白事理的，能体谅的，例：an understanding girlunderstandable 可理解的，能够懂的，例：an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose 接近，靠近，例：stand closeclosely 紧紧地，紧密地，例：closely connected87. ill, sickill 做表语；sick 定语、表语均可，例：a sick boy88. good, wellgood 形容词；well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词，例

28、：He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet 安静的，可以发出小的声音；silent 不发出声音，但可以动；still 完全不动，完全无声响，例：He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard 努力，例：work hardhardly 几乎不，例：I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable able 与不定式to do连用；capable 与of连用，例：He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly二

29、者均为“几乎，差不多”，和否定词连用用almost，例：almost nobody。93. late, latelylate 迟，晚；lately 最近，近来 例：I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live 均为活着的；living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置；live 只能做定语，lively 意为活泼的，例：all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的，例：Im excited.exciting 令人兴奋的，例：The ne