热点语法项目之句子结构与并列句时态和语态.docx

1、热点语法项目之句子结构与并列句时态和语态热点语法项目之句子结构与并列句，时态和语态热点语法项目之名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句动词用法讲与练想一想用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1.Would you please give him the message the moment he _(arrive)?2. He hurried to the station only to find that the train _(leave).3. If it hadnt been for the PLA soldier, the boy _(drown) in the river yesterday.

2、4. It _(say) that another bridge will be built over the river.5. All kinds of trees _(plant) on the hill every spring so as to make the hill beautiful.6. Good care must _(take) of the children in our school.7. With a lot of difficult problems _(settle), the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.8. P

3、rices of daily goods _(buy) through a computer can be lower than store prices. 9. Have you checked all the machines _ (send) to Tibet next month ? 10. Hearing the news, he rushed out, _(leave) the book open on the table and disappeared into the distance. 11. For three hours we waited for the decisio

4、n, only _(tell) to come again the next day. 12. Im examining the article he has just finished _ (correct) the possible mistakes in it. 13. Everyone will thank the firefighters for the things they have done to prevent fires _(spread)14. There is no use _(quarel) with such a foolish person as he.15. I

5、m afraid she doesnt have enough time _ (finish) her report in time. Keys: 1. arrives 2. had left 3. would have been drowned 4. is said 5. are planted 6. be taken 7. to settle 8. bought 9. to be sent 10. leaving 11. to be told 12. to correct 13. spreading 14. quarelling 15. to finish讲一讲 动词填空在语法填空题中至少

6、有两道题，是考查的热点内容之一。通常情况下，这两道动词填空题有一空考查谓语形式，另一题则考查非谓语形式。遇到这类题的时候，我们应注意从如下几个方面进行思考： 一如果被考查的动词在句中作谓语，则要考查它的时态和语态。如果所在的句子是一个简单句，则要看整篇短文所陈述的事情发生在什么时候，并同时考虑所给动词表示的动作发生在什么时候，并据此确定动词的时态。此外，还应注意这个动词所表示的意义是主动的还是被动的，并据此确定动词所用的语态。 二注意动词的语气。要正确的使用动词，有的时候还得要注意正确地使用动词的语气。如果表示虚拟的情况，还得要注意正确地使用动词的虚拟语气。此外，在动词wish的宾语从句句、a

7、s if从句中等的谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。 三在某些特特殊的句型中（如it is the first time that），谓语动词也有其特殊的用法。这也是我们必须注意的地方。 四如果所给动词不在句中充当谓语，则要考虑使用其非谓语形式。非谓语形式有不定式、分词和动名词三种形式。要注意这个动词在相应的地方应用何种形式。另外，同谓语动词一样，使用非谓语形式也要注意正确地使用其被动式（除过去分词外）。练一练用括号中所给动词的正确形式填空1. Zhou Lan, you look puzzled. Have you understand it? -Yes. I _ (think) about anot

8、her problem just now.2. -Will you go now? - Not until I_ (finish) my experiments.3. Id like to buy a pen which _ (write) well. 4. -Hi. Bill. You are late. -Sorry, I would have come sooner. I _(not know) that you were waiting. 5. Did you meet the chief editor at the airport? -No. He _ (drive) away be

9、fore my arrival.6. If you _(be) a little more careful in the test, you would have passed the test. 7. The building_ (build) in our school is for our teachers. Its to be completed by the end of next year. 8._ (give) that they are in inexperienced, they have done a good job. 9. With all that she neede

10、d_(buy) , she left the supermarket happily.10. _ (leave) in the care of his grandmother, Ted grew to be a boy with very good manners. 11. There, almost _ (lose) in the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet. 12. What is the way Smith thought of _(make) enough money

11、 to buy the new house?13. He is said _ (treat) badly in the supermarket when he was doing his shopping yesterday.14. -Id like to buy an FM radio. -Well. Weve got several models _(choose) from.15. I wonder why you wont do it as _(tell) to and its the third time you have done so. Keys: 1. was thinking

12、 2. have finished 3. writes 4. didnt know 5. had been driven6. had been 7. being built 8. Given 9. bought 10. Left 11. lost 12. to make13. to have been treated 14. to choose 15. told 名词性从句讲与练想一想在下列句子的空格处填上适当的单词1. With the rapid development, the idea has already come true _we can play video games and

13、 receive e-mails without sitting at a keyboard.2. Word came _ the the Shengzhou VII will be sent off in a few days. 3. Ive learned _, no matter what happens and how bad it seems today, life goes on and it will be better tomorrow.4. What worries the public worry most? _ prices keep going up, I suppos

14、e.5. The reason he has been such a success in his career is _ he never gives up in his work.6. _this text can be used for listening this term has not been decided yet. 7. _ matters most in learning English is enough practice. 8. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine an

15、d soft sands make _it is. 9. It is none of your business _ other people think about you. Believe in yourself. 10. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. 11. My son was ill last week. Is that_ you asked for a few days off?12. Ive been expecting them the whole afternoon. What

16、I am wondering is _ they will be here.13. Someone is knocking at the door. Go and see _it is. 14. The volunteers are so young that I was wondering _ they can do to help us with our work.15. While youve made some mistakes, I believe youve done your best and _ things will improve. Keys: 1. that 2. tha

17、t 3. that 4. That 5. that 6. Whether 7. What 8. what9. what 10. where 11. why 12. when 13. who 14. what 15. that讲一讲对于名词性从句，我们应重点掌握引导名词性从句各类连词的用法。高考试题在考查名词性从句时，常考查名词性从句的连接词。这是一个测试热点。引导名词性从句的连词有三大类：1. 单纯连接词：that、whether、if。它们只起引导从句的作用，并不在从句中充当任何成分。that在句中没有一定的含义。whether和if引导名词性从句时，可表示“是否”之意。注意，if只能用来引

18、导宾语从句，不可引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。如：1).He told me that he would leave office soon.2).She asked me whether(if) I could lend him my dictionary. 2. 连接代词what、who、which、whose、whom.它们除了引导名词性从句外，还要在从句充当一定的成分。如：1).What can be done has been done.what在句中引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。2).Can you tell me which box is yours?which在句中引导

19、宾语从句，并在从句中作定语，修饰box。 3. 连接副词how、why、where、when。它们除引导从句外，还要在从句中作状语。如：1).I dont know how I can finish my work so soon.2).Your coat is still where your put it. 二注意that的用法及省略。that连接名词性从句时，只起一个引导的作用，不可在从句中充当任何成分。that在引导宾语从句时常常省略，但由并列连词连接的两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个连词that 可以省略， 第二个(包括第二个)以后的that则不可省略了。另外，that在引导主语从句、表

20、语从句和同位语从句时，不可省。如：I know (that) she was born in the country and that she came here to look for a job.这个句子中的两个that都不在句中充当任何成分。第一个that可以省略，而第二个that则不能省略。 三注意what和that的用法比较。what引导名词性从句时，还要在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语等。what不可在从句中省略。而that在句中只起引导名词性从句的作用，而不在句中作任何成分。试比较：1. I dont know what they are talking about.本

21、句中，what在句中引导宾语从句，并在从句中作talking about的宾语。2.I know (that) he is leaving for Shanghai.本句中，that引导宾语从句，但在从句中，它不充当任何成分。 四注意掌握whether和if的用法。whether和if都可用来引导宾语从句。但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用whether，不能用if。 五掌握whatever与whoever的用法。whatever和whoever的用法有相似之处。它们都可用于： 1引导让步状语从句，意为“无论”如：1).Whatever you do,you must do it

22、 well.2).Whoever you are，you must obey the rules。 2同时作主句的一个成分和从句的一个成分，相当于“一个先行词+关系代词”,即whatever相当于anything that/which；而whoever则相当于anyone that/who。 六引导名词性从句的连词同引导状语从句的连词、定语从句的关系代词或副词大多相同。不要将这三类从句混为一谈。下面以where为例进行说明。如：1.He went back to the small town where he grew up as a child.本句中的where是一个关系副词,引导一个定语

23、从句.从句的先行词是town.2.Plants grow well where there is enough water and sunlight.本句的where引导的从句是在整个句子中作状语,引导一个状语从句.3.Where we shall have the meeting is not known yet.本句的where引导一个主语从句.练一练 在下列句子的空格处填上适当的单词1. It worries both the parents very much _ their only son suffers from serious heart trouble.2. There is

24、 no doubt _ China will become more and more powerful in the future.3. During the summer holidays, we paid a visit to _ was once our primary school that the workers use as a store now. 4. At the very beginning of last year Mr. Wang made the decision _ he should organize a team to help the poor childr

25、en with their education. 5. Our city is no longer _ it was ten years ago, when it was quite dirty and noisy. 6. That policeman has no idea _ the Goldentex Hotel is, except that it is just next to the Hymall Shopping Centre.7. Is it true _ what he said is of great importance to us in improving our pr

26、oduction?8. We had waited for _ seemed like ages before the police finally came to our rescue.9. _ do you suppose will win the first prize in the composition competition?Im not sure. Lets wait and see.10. _ many people in south China received a heavy attack of natural disaster at the very beginning

27、of 2008 drew close attention from all over the world.11. Do you think parents should do everything for their children?No, thats _ they are mistaken. 12. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village, well known for its fresh air and water. 13. Have you found your notebook? Yes, I have. It was _ we we

28、re having a chat this morning.14. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella yesterday. Thats _I got soaking wet.15. _asks you to get rid of the bad habits is quite right. Keys: 1. that 2. that 3. what 4. that 5. what 6. where 7. that 8. what9. Who 10. That 11. where 12. when 13. where 14. why 15. Who

29、ever定语从句讲与练 想一想1. The gentleman about _you told me the other day will come to give us a lecture tomorrow.2. The result of the experiment turned out very good, _we hadnt expected.3. Have you seen the play _ leading role is played by Lilys sister? 4. The cleaning women was assigned to wipe off the dir

30、ty marks on the road, _ were mainly made by chewing gums. 5. _ is often the case, Mike was late againd and made up an excuse to fool the boss. 6. _ was known to all, our boss had broken his promise that he would give us a rise. 7. Nowadays teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants, _ only serve junk food. 8. Here are a lot of rubber gloves _fingers have holes in them.9. Mr Smith never read anything _ was not worth reading in his spare time. 10. The professor mentioned some poets and poems _ were unknown to us in his lecture.11. The volunteers have paid a