PEC土木工程英语证书考试常用桥梁词汇.docx

1、PEC土木工程英语证书考试常用桥梁词汇PEC土木工程英语证书考试-常用桥梁词汇下部结构-substructure桥墩-pier-墩身-pier-body墩帽-pier-cap,-pier-coping台帽-abutment-cap,-abutment-coping-盖梁-bent-cap又称“帽梁”。重力式桥墩-gravity-pier实体桥墩-solid-pier空心桥墩-hollow-pier柱式桥墩-column-pier,-shaft-pier单柱式桥墩-single-columned-pier,-single-shaft-pier双柱式桥墩-two-columned-pier,-tw

2、o-shaft-pier排架桩墩-pile-bent-pier丫形桥墩-Y-shaped-pier柔性墩-flexible-pier制动墩-braking-pier,-abutment-pier单向推力墩-single-direction-thrusted-pier抗撞墩-anti-collision-pier锚墩-anchor-pier辅助墩-auxiliary-pier破冰体-ice-apron防震挡块-anti-knock-block,-restrain-block桥台-abutment台身-abutment-body前墙-front-wall又称“胸墙”。翼墙-wing-wall又称“

3、耳墙”。U形桥台-U-abutment八字形桥台-flare-wing-walled-abutment一字形桥台-head-wall-abutmentT形桥台-T-abutment箱形桥台-box-type-abutment拱形桥台-arched-abutment重力式桥台-gravity-abutment埋置式桥台-buried-abutment扶壁式桥台-counterfort-abutment,-buttressed-abutment衡重式桥台-weight-balanced-abutment锚碇板式桥台-anchored-bulkhead-abutment支撑式桥台-supported

4、-type-abutment又称“轻型桥台”。组合式桥台-composite-abutment桥台后回填-back-filling-behind-abutment桥梁基础-bridge-foundation浅基础-shallow-foundation深基础-deep-foundation明挖基础-open-cut-foundation扩大基础-spread-foundation沉井基础-open-caisson-foundation沉井刃脚-caisson-cutting-edge气压沉箱基础-pneumatic-caisson-foundation管柱基础-colonnade-foundat

5、ion双壁钢围堰钻孔桩基础-double-walled-steel-cofferdam-and-bored-pile-foundation墩式基础-pier-foundation桩基础-pile-foundation排架桩基础-pile-bent-foundation高承台桩基础-high-rise-platform-pile-foundation桩-pile单桩-individual-pile,-single-pile群桩-pile-group又称“桩群”。斜桩-battered-pile,-raked-pile锚桩-anchor-pile主桩-key-pile预制桩-precast-pil

6、e钢筋混凝土桩-concrete-pile预应力混凝土桩-prestressed-concrete-pile木桩-timber-pile钢桩-steel-pile钢管桩-steel-pipe-pile混凝土管桩-concrete-pipe-pile钻孔桩-bored-pile就地灌注桩-cast-in-situ-pile沉管灌注桩-tube-sinking-cast-in-situ-pile板桩-sheet-pile微型桩-mini-pile又称“小型桩”。扩底桩-under-reamed-pile支挡桩-soldier-pile抗滑桩-anti-slide-pile排土桩-displacem

7、ent-pile非排土桩-non-displacement-pile摩擦桩-friction-pile支承桩-bearing-pile嵌岩桩-socketed-pile挖孔桩-cast-in-situ-pile-by-excavation打入桩-driven-pile承台-bearing-platform,-pile-cap灌浆截水墙-grouted-cut-off-wall灌浆帷幕-grouted-curtain地下连续墙-continuous-slurry-wall,-diaphragm-wall支座-bearing固定支座-fixed-bearing活动支座-expansion-bear

8、ing,-movable-bearing合成橡胶支座-elastomeric-pad-bearing板式橡胶支座-laminated-rubber-bearing盆式橡胶支座-pot-rubber-bearing聚四氟乙烯支座-polytetrafluoroethylene-bearing,-PTFE-bearing铅橡胶支座-lead-rubber-bearing滚轴支座-roller-bearing摆式支座-rocker-bearing平板支座-plate-bearing球形支座-spherical-bearing垫块支座-pad-bearing活动伸缩缝支座-sliding-expans

9、ion-bearing伸缩滚轴-expansion-roller拉压支座-tension-compression-bearing铰式支座-knuckle-bearing桥梁设计-bridge-design桥梁方案设计-bridge-conceptual-design桥梁结构设计-bridge-structure-design桥梁细部设计-bridge-detail-design荷载-load实用荷载-service-load施工荷载-construction-load开裂荷载-cracking-load疲劳荷载-fatigue-load容许荷载-allowable-load破坏荷载-failu

10、re-load桥梁试运行荷载-test-run-loading-for-bridge静载-static-load动载-dynamic-load活载-live-load恒载-dead-load永久荷载-permanent-load可变荷载-variable-load偶然荷载-accidental-load非常荷载-abnormal-load环境荷载-environmental-load均布荷载-uniform-load,distributed-load等代均布荷载-equivalent-uniform-distributed-load集中荷载-concentrated-load车道荷载-lane

11、-load人群荷载-pedestrian-load风荷载-wind-load地震荷载-earthquake-load,seismic-force又称“地震力”。离心力-centrifugal-force冲击力-impact-force制动力-braking-force船舶撞击力-ship-collision-force土压力-earth-pressure冰压力-ice-pressure流水压力-flowing-water-pressure浮力-buoyancy下拉荷载-downdrag,-negative-friction-of-pile又称“桩负摩擦力”。拱推力-arch-thrust基础隆

12、胀力-heave-force-of-foundation临界压曲荷载-critical-buckling-load屈服破坏荷载-failure-load-by-buckling荷载组合-loading-combinations荷载效应-load-effect标准车辆荷载-standard-truck-loading桥梁容许应力设计-allowable-stress-design-of-bridge桥梁极限状态设计-limit-state-design-of-bridge桥梁承载能力极限状态-ultimate-limit-state-of-bridge-carrying-capacity桥梁使用

13、能力极限状态-serviceability-limit-state-of-bridge桥梁荷载系数设计法-load-factor-design-method-of-bridge桥梁概率极限状态设计法-probabilistic-limit-state-design-method-of-bridge桥梁优化设计-optimum-design-of-bridge桥梁结构可靠度-reliability-of-bridge-structure可靠度基准期-reliability-datum-period地震危险性分析-seismic-risk-analysis桥梁抗震设计-aseismatic-des

14、ign-of-bridge桥梁抗震稳定性-aseismatic-stability-of-bridge地震基本烈度-basic-earthquake-intensity设计烈度-design-intensity-of-earthquake地震震级-earthquake-magnitude地震加速度-seismic-acceleration疲劳设计-fatigue-design桥头回填设计-bridge-end-backfilling-design桥梁平面结构-plane-structure-for-bridge桥梁空间结构-space-structure-for-bridge静定桥梁结构-st

15、atically-determinate-bridge-structure超静定桥梁结构-statically-indeterminate-bridge-structure结构体系转换-structure-system-transform结构完整性-structural-integrity安全系数-safety-factor冲击系数-impact-factor又称“动力系数”。荷载系数-load-factor膨胀系数-coefficient-of-expansion构件-member,-element又称“杆件”。节间-panel梁腹-web又称“腹板”。翼缘-flange又称“法兰”。加劲杆

16、-stiffener又称“加劲肋”。加劲梁-stiffening-girder加劲腋-haunch又称“梁腋”。托架-bracket俗称“牛腿”。结点板-gusset-plate又称“节点板”。剪力键-shear-key横系杆-lateral-bracing风嘴-wind-fairing伸缩板-expansion-plate应力集中-stress-concentration应力腐蚀-stress-corrosion热应力-thermal-stress又称“温差应力”。支撑应力-bearing-stress组合应力-combined-stress容许应力-allowable-stress又称“许

17、用应力”。极限应力-ultimate-stress稳定性-stability刚度-rigidity,-stiffness位移-displacement挠度-deflection力矩-moment,-bending-moment又称“弯矩”。剪力-shear双力矩-bi-moment力矩分配法-moment-distribution-method又称“弯矩分配法”。力矩包络线-moment-envelope剪力分布-shear-distribution剪力滞后-shear-lag又称“剪滞”。影响线-influence-line影响面积-influence-area压曲-buckling又称“压

18、屈”。扭曲-distortion又称“畸变”。翘曲-warp颤振-flutter驰振-galloping抖振-buffeting又称“击振”。涡流效应-vortex-shedding-effect风致摆动-wind-induced-oscillation挠度横向分布-transverse-distribution-of-deflection荷载横向分布-transverse-distribution-of-load杠杆原理法-lever-principle-method偏心受压法-eccentric-compression-method刚性横梁法-rigid-cross-beam-method

19、铰接梁法-hinge-connected-beam-method刚接梁法-rigid-connected-beam-method弹性梁支承法-elastic-supported-beam-method准正交各向异性板法-quasi-orthotropic-slab-methodG-M-法-Guyon-Massonet-method抗风稳定性-wind-resisting-stability空气动力稳定性-aerodynamic-stability风压分布图-wind-pressure-distribution-graph临界风速-critical-wind-speed温度梯度-thermal-

20、gradient温差-temperature-difference年均温差-annual-mean-temperature-difference连拱作用-continuous-arch-effect土-结构共同作用-soil-structure-interaction桥梁承载能力-load-carrying-capacity-of-bridge桥梁耐久性-bridge-durability地基承载力-bearing-capacity-of-subsoil单桩承载力-bearing-capacity-of-pile抗裂性-crack-resistance裂缝控制-crack-control裂缝宽

21、度限值-limit-of-crack-opening裂缝分布图-crack-pattern疲劳限度-fatigue-limit磨损限值-wear-allowance又称“容许磨耗”。使用状态挠度限值-deflection-limit-for-serviceability结构延展性-structure-ductility桥梁破损-bridge-failure桥梁破坏-bridge-collapse毁灭性破坏-catastrophic-collapse钢筋锈蚀-steel-bar-corrosion桥梁计算机辅助设计-computer-aided-design-for-bridge,-CAD-fo

22、r-bridge格构比拟-grillage-analogy预应力度-degree-of-prestressing全预应力混凝土-fully-prestressed-concrete部分预应力混凝土-partially-prestressed-concrete有限预应力混凝土-limited-prestressed-concreteA类部分预应力混凝土-type-A-partially-prestressed-concreteB类部分预应力混凝土-type-B-partially-prestressed-concrete体内预应力-prestressing-with-bond体外预应力-exte

23、rnal-prestressing预弯法预应力-prestressing-without-tendon-by-pre-bending复传力法预应力-prestressing-by-subsequent-bond压拉双作用预应力-prestressing-with-subsequent-compression-and-tension后张自锚法预应力-self-anchored-post-tensioning-prestressing双向预应力-two-dimension-prestressing三向预应力-three-dimension-prestressing非预应力钢筋-non-prestr

24、essed-reinforcement粘结的预应力筋-bonded-tendon消除粘结的预应力筋-debonded-tendon无粘结的预应力筋-non-bonded-tendon预应力损失-loss-of-prestress管道摩擦损失-loss-due-to-duct-friction锚具变形损失-loss-due-to-anchorage-deformation锚具温差损失-loss-due-to-anchorage-temperature-difference混凝土收缩损失-loss-due-to-concrete-shrinkage混凝土弹性压缩损失-loss-due-to-ela

25、stic-compression-of-concrete混凝土徐变损失-creep-loss-of-concrete钢筋预应力松弛损失-loss-due-to-tendon-relaxation杆件缩短损失-loss-due-to-concrete-member-shortening杆件弯曲损失-loss-due-to-bending-of-concrete-member锚具-anchorage又称“工作锚具”。夹具-clamper又称“工具锚具”。锥形锚具-cone-anchorage,-Freyssinet-cone-anchorage又称“弗氏锚”。夹片式锚具-strand-tapere

26、d-anchorageVSL锚具-VSL-anchorage瑞士VSL-厂生产的国际通用夹片锚具。YM锚具-Y-typed-anchorage,-post-tensioning-strand-group-anchorage公路规划设计院与新津筑路机械厂研制的Y型锥形三夹片式群锚。XM锚具-X-typed-anchorageX型三夹片式群锚。OVM锚具-oriental-cone-anchorage东方（orient）公司与郴州厂研制的锥形二夹片式锚具。J-M-1-2-型锚具-J-M-12-anchorage镦头锚-bulb-end-anchorage,-BBRV-anchorage又称“B-B

27、-R-V-锚”。精轧螺纹锚-thread-bar-anchorage,-Dywidag-anchorage-system又称“迪维达格锚固系统”。连接器-coupler锚固区-anchorage-zone横向承载桩地基系数法-subsoil-reaction-modulus-method-for-laterally-loaded-pile桩基m值法-subsoil-reaction-modulus-m-method-for-laterally-loaded-pile桩基c值法-subsoil-reaction-modulus-c-method-for-laterally-loaded-pile

28、p-y曲线法-p-y-curve-method应力波方程法-stress-wave-equation-method基底应力扩散-stress-dispersal-beneath-footing基础沉降-foundation-settlement沉降差-differential-settlement桥梁施工-bridge-construction缆索吊装法-erection-with-cableway又称“无支架吊装法”。悬臂拼装法-cantilever-erection-method平衡悬拼法-precast-balancing-cantilever-method悬臂浇筑法-cast-in-place-cantilever-method平衡悬浇法-cast-in-place-balancing-cantilever-method逐跨施工法-span-by-span-construction-method膺架式架设法-erection-with-scaffolding-method膺架浇筑法-cast-on-scaffolding-method,-cast-in-place-method又称“就地浇筑法”。顶推法-incremental-launching-method