高中英语被动语态讲解与练习Word下载.docx

1、2. 含情态动词的被动语态情态动词 +be+过去分词 练习：1） Visitors _ （request） not to touch the exhibits.2） All the preparations for the task_（complete）, and were ready to start. 3） Look, a new cinema _（build） here now4） I _ （give） ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5）By the end of last year, another ne

2、w gymnasium _（complete）in Beijing.6） A meeting _（hold） when I was there.7） Hundreds of job_ （lose） if the factory closes.8） The news _（send） to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） The project _（complete） before July.10）He told me that his new clothes _（make）very soon.11）The baby _（take care

3、 of） by the baby-sitter应. 该由保姆照顾2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式二. 主动语态与被动语态的转换1. 主+谓+宾结构：Rowling wrote Harry Potter. _.The government supported the research. _.No one has ever beaten her at tennis._.We didnt notice anything special in his work. _.2. 主+谓+间宾+直宾：His mother gave him a present for his birthday. _.My uncl

4、e bought me a new computer. _._. Our teacher offered us many suggestions to reduce pressure._._. 注意: 加 to 或者 forShe told me when the project would start. _.3. 主+谓+宾+宾补：People call this team a cheer-leading squad. _. 注意：在使役动词 have, make, let以及感官动词 see, look at, watch, notice,observe,hear, listen to,f

5、eel,help等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building._.4. 含有 be going to do和 be to do等结构（be 只有一般现在时和一般过去时）We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting._.They are to show this new film on TV next week. _. 5. 表 示“ 据说， 相信 ，认为，期 待”等动词后 含有宾语从 句的 主动句 变被

6、动句 ， 如；_。_We know that he is the best dentist in the town. _._. 重点拓展：It is said that 据说,It is reported that 据报 道，It is believed that 大家 相信，It is hoped that 大家希望，It is well known that 众所周知，It is thought that 大家认为，It is suggested that 据建议。6. 祈使句变被动句肯定祈使句： let+宾语+be+done否定祈使句： dont let+宾语+be+done；let+宾

7、语+not+be+doneMove the desks into the passage. _. Dont throw rubbish everywhere. _.7. 谓语为动词短语的情况：如 “动词介词 ”，“动词副词 ”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。They have put off the meeting till next Saturday._.When we got to the cinema, it had sold out all the tickets._.8. 双重被动结构：指句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句

8、子主语既是谓语动词的承受着又是不定式动作的承受者。They asked us to discuss the problem at once. _._.Parents often ask their children to do too much homework. _._.三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 不及物动词的主动语态表被动意义。（1） 可用来表示主语内在 “品质”“性能”的不及物动词： break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，常与 well/ badly/easily/smoothly搭配。例 This k

9、ind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较：The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）t be locked （指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁 ”是人的原因）（2）某些状态动词或不及物动词，在汉语中虽有被动意味，但英语中用主动形式，如： weigh，measure，cost，spread，last，happen，break out，take place，consist of, come out, come about, comeacross, get across, run out, g

10、ive out, turn o等ut。 This wall measures 10 meters long.The news that a famous singer would give a show spread quickly.2. 系动词的主动语态表被动： look，feel，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay，appear。 The music sounds comfortable.This shirt feels much softer than that one.四非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1. 不定式的主动表被动a. 在某些 “形容词不定

11、式 ”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时， 这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。 这些形容词有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 This problem is difficult to work out .b. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系 , 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I have a lot of things to do this afternoon I ll go to

12、 thpeost office. Do you have a letter to be posted?With something to buy, she went to market.I have a letter to write.She has something to say.c. 在 be to do结构中如 rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。Am I to blame? The house is to let.2. 动名词的主动表被动。a. 在 need，want，require, deserve等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动

13、词不定式的被动形式 。The house needs repairin（g to be repaired）这房子需要修理。b形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而 worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。3. 介词 in, on, under, out of等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义under control（受控制） , under treatmen（t 在治疗中） , under repair（在修理中） ,under discussion（在讨论中） , under construction（在施工中）in the charge of （在.

14、掌管之下）， in use（在使用中）, in print（在印刷中）on show（展出）， on sale （待售）， out of control, out of sightfor sale, for rent, beyond belief, beyond our hope. 例 The building is under construction（ is being constructed）. 重点拓展：被动形式表主动意义，某些动词 +反身代词可变为被动结构表主动意义如 devote oneself to, dress oneself, seat oneself, amuse ones

15、elf, lose oneself, prepare oneself for, concernoneself about.变. 为：be devoted to, be hidden in, be buried in, be absorbed in , be lost, be seated in, be faced with, be preparedfor.五、被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be过+ 去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一

16、般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 The glass is broken _The glass was broken by the boy _The teacher was pleased by her answer. _The teacher was pleased with her answer._2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 The door is locked _The door has already/just been locked _3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The

17、machine is being repaired_Many kinds of art have been lost in the world. _ 4. 被动语态和系表结构中的修饰过去分词的副词有区别。被动语态常用 greatly等词修饰，系表结构常用 very, quite, rather, too, so, more, mos等t 。例 I am greatly moved by his kindness.I am very interested in taking the course you are offering.六练习1. 改错1）Two boys hurt while pla

18、ying a ball2）The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3）How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4）A fire was broken out last night5）He had to travel by bus as his car was damaged in an accident a few days before6）The large building that is now built will be a hospital7）H

19、is plan is sounded good 8）Your coat needs being washed2. 填空1） The pen _ （write） very fast. 2） This kind of sweater _ sells （sell） well.3） Large numbers of plastic bags _ （use） in the supermarkets every day.4） Must the old people _ （speak） to politely?5） Her grandma was still alive when he _（take） to

20、 the hospital.6） English _（speak） in many is spoken counties.7） Three quarters of the worlds books are written （write） in English. _8） All the students _（ask）to bring a kite with them last Sunday.9） Are many ways _（try） to stop people from cutting down so many trees?10）. What are on show in the muse

21、um?Some photos _（take）by American children.11） The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, _ （develop） and perfected now.12） Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ （see） whether they willenjoy it.13） When and where to go for the on-salary holida

22、y _（decide） yet.14） The new suspension bridge _（design） by the end of last month.15）When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _（break）.16） - What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _（read） a second time.17）That suit _ （cost） less than 60 dollars yesterday, but n

23、ow its price is increased.七、被动语态与高考试题赏析1 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析1）. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. （NMET1993）A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served解析 B 因为 serve是及物动词，其动作承受者 tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。2）. This is Ted s phone. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in

24、 the earthquake.（NMET2002 A. killed B. is killedC. was killed D. was killing解析 C Ted是kill 的承受者，用被动语态，且 Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。3）. - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _. （NMET1991） A. are being painted B. are paintingC. are painted D. are being painting解析 A “house和”“paint应”该是被动

25、的关系，排除 B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除 C。4）. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet.（上海春 2003） A. are not decided B. have not been decidedC. is not being decided D. has not been decided解析 D decide 是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以 decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词 yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。5）. The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _.（上海春2001）A. was booked B. had been bookedC. were booked D. have been booked