特殊句式与主谓一致pptConvertor文档格式.docx

1、such, then, now, thus, the following 位于句首，谓语动词多为come, follow, begin, end, be时用完全倒装。Such are the facts.The following is the answer to the question. Now comes your turn.规则4：there be句型中，用完全倒装。此时，结构中的be可用lie/exist/stand/live/seem 等动词替代。There stands an ancient tower on the top of the mountain.规则5：有时为了突出或

2、强调，可用“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the party were Mr. Green and many other guests. Seated on the ground are a group of young men.规则6：在 “sothat”和“suchthat”结构中，将“soadj./adv.”和“suchn.”提到句首时主句部分用完全倒装。So terrible was the storm that the whole roofs were blown off.Such a clever boy was Jack that he was able

3、to work out all these difficult problems.考点二部分倒装将情态动词、助动词、be动词提到主语前。含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时。few, little, never, not, no, not until, nowhere, rarely, seldom, hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan， not onlybut （also）, at no time, by no means, in no way , under no circumstances等。He is active in personali

4、ty, and seldom does he stay indoors.Hardly had I got to the airport when the plane took off.（注意谓语动词的形式）Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.（将until后面的全部内容提前）so/as/neither/nor 为标志词放在句首。（1）表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一人或物。so/asbe/助动词/情态动词主语。Ive got an en

5、ormous amount of work to do.So have I.（2）表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一人或物。neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。If she doesnt agree to the plan, neither will Tom.（3）当前面既有肯定又有否定或两个谓语时用so it is/was with sb.，也可以用so it is / was the same with sb.。He is a student and he doesnt go to school by bus.So it is with her.only修饰状语（从句），并置

6、于句首时，后面部分要部分倒装。Only if he has time will he come here.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.在虚拟条件句中，从句谓语有助动词were, had, should时，可将if省略，而把were, had, should 移到句首，即Had/Were/Should主语谓语其他部分主句。Were he（If he were ）here now, I could ask him.Should he（If he should）come, tell him to ring

7、 me up.as或though引导让步状语从句引起的倒装。句型是：表语/状语/动词原形as/though主语其他。Boy as he is, he knows a lot.（名词前不用冠词）Much as I like it, I will not buy it.Try as he might，he could not find a job.省略句在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接，有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。英语中的省略要求不破坏语法结构，要保持句子意义的准确无误。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种

8、替代省略。省略部分的成分和含义可从上下文或具体语言环境中找到而且是有章可循的，英语的省略大致有以下几种情况：在某些特定的环境中，由于语言所指清楚，为了避免重复，常将谓语动词省略，留下主语和其他成分；如果谓语部分全部省略，而只留下主语时，主语用宾格形式。Jack would go to the Expo next week.Me, too.动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但

9、要保留不定式符号to。Did you get a ticket?No, I meant to （get one）, but there werent any left.【温馨提示】 如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have或have been。Are you a sailor?No，but I used to be.动词不定式与 be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等构成复合谓语时，不定式结构常可省略，但要保留to（因为没有to这些词组就不复存在）。I dont want to wait for

10、 him, but I have to.规则4: Im afraid, I think, I believe, I hope, I guess等作答语，后面so与not分别表示肯定和否定，宾语从句可省略。Do you think it will rain?I hope not.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it且从句中有be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。When（she was）asked, she made no answer.As（he was）a young man, he studied law and became a lawyer.温馨提醒：其它情况谨

11、慎使用省略，你懂的！反意疑问句当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用neednt；当含有mustnt（不允许、禁止）时，其反意疑问部分用must；当must表示推测，作“一定，准是”讲时，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据must后面的动词形式确定。You must go now, neednt you?你现在必须走，是不是？You mustnt smoke here, must you?你不能在这里吸烟，是吧？You must have watched that football match last night, didn 你昨晚一定是看足球比赛了， 是吧？（其它变式你能玩转吗）陈述部分含有u

12、sed to时，疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。You used to play football, usednt/didn你过去常常踢足球，是吗？陈述部分含有ought to时，其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnHe ought to attend the meeting, oughtnt/shouldnt he?他应该参加会议，是不是？当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。He could hardly get up, cou

13、ld he?他几乎起不来了，是不是？陈述部分含有表示“否定”意义的前缀或后缀构成的词，疑问部分一般用否定式。Mary dislikes sports, doesnt she?玛丽不喜欢体育运动，不是吗？当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语应和主句的主语保持一致。但当主句是：I think，I believe, I suppose, I expect, I imagine等结构时，疑问部分的主语和谓语动词均应和宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致。He said that he would come here on time, didnt think he will come here on tim

14、e, will he?规则7：祈使句后加附加问句，不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：（1）否定祈使句，will you? 如：Dont open the door, will you?（2）肯定祈使句，will/wonOpen the door, will/won（3）Lets，shall we?Lets go out for a walk, shall we?（4）Let us，will you？Let us go out to play football, will you?强调句型强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和

15、状语等。要用that引导从句，而不能用which，而且不能省略。被强调的是人时，引导词可用who，也可用that。It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.昨天我是在火车站见到李明的。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把这个秘密泄露给她的吗？【温馨提示】 当被强调的是主语时，代词要用主格形式。It was I who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出这个理论的。强调主语时，要注意引导词与其谓语的一致性。It is our

16、 teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。对notuntil时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not untilthat其他。It was not until twelve oclock last night that I went to bed. （黑体部分是不可以倒装的哟） 昨天晚上我一直到十二点才睡。强调句的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat/who其他。When was it that he made up his mind to take this cour

17、se？他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？变式：“我不知道他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的。”（翻成英语试试看）Why is it that he doesnt like the book?他为什么不喜欢这本书？强调句型与It is/was时间when从句不能混淆。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.（强调句型）昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.（时间状语从句）昨天当我到达这儿时，已是半夜了。去掉结构能还原的就是强调句变式强调句型：It must/may/migh

18、t bethat；Can/Could it bethat？It might be his father that youre thinking of. Could it be Tom that is making the noise?注意：it除了作为强调句的结构词外，其形式主语、形式宾语及其指代用法也要引起足够的重视。it指代时间时，常考的一些句型结构：It is （about/high） timethat从句（从句用should do/did） It is/has beensome timesince从句（从句用一般过去时）（注意从句中延续性动词意义为否定）It/This is the f

19、irst/secondtimethat从句（必须使用现在完成时）（这是某人第次做了某事）It was时间点when从句It was/will be some timebefore从句感叹句及其他考点一“祈使句陈述句 ”句型 1and, then, and then 意思是“就，那么，才”，表示按照祈使句说的去做，会产生顺应的结果。2or, or else, otherwise 意思是“否则，要不，不然的话”，表示不按照祈使句说的去做，则会产生相反的结果。Make a bit more effort and the problem could be settled. Follow the ins

20、tructions otherwise the drug, I think, will be dangerous to you .考点二感叹句1what式感叹句Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语！What形容词复数名词主语谓语！What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！2how式感叹句How形容词/副词主语谓语！How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语！考点三there be句式1there be句式中的be可以有不同的时态，而且可以和助动词或情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country since then. There m

21、ust be a mistake somewhere.2there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be，have to be，be expected to be等替代。3there be句式中的be可用remain，live，stand， lie，exist等不及物动词替代。4there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：there being和there to be。 there being在句中通常作原因状语、主语或用在介词或某些动词后作宾语。There being no further busi

22、ness，I declared the meeting closed.I cant imagine there being such a quiet place here.there to be在句中通常作某些动词的宾语。The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.5用于组成特殊句式。There is no use/point/sense （in） doing做某事没用或没意义。There is no point （in） worrying about it. There is

23、no doubt about/There is no doubt that毫无疑问。There is no doubt that she has told the truth. There is no need for/There is no need to do没有必要。There is no need to hurry，is there?主谓一致在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。1意义一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。不可数

24、名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名，书名，如：the United States, the United Nations等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news, maths, physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one, either, neither, each of复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.Either of the stories is ve

25、ry funny.To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.Telling him the truth is too cruel.something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语，谓语通常用单数。表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the box.a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pai

26、r of 等修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。Two series of new stamps have been ordered.a number of复数名词，意为“许多”，是复数意义；the number of复数名词，意为“的数目”，是单数意义。the population of意为“的人口数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数；但如果是分数/百分数/half of/the rest ofthe population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，是复数意义。the average of意为“的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。The number of the

27、students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.“theadj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。规则8：分数、百分数及all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。The rest of the workers are still very tired.规则9：主语为集体名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。这类集体名词常见的有：

28、army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, people, police, public, staff, team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。规则10：当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。另外，当and 连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数，那么谓语动词也应该用复数。War and peace is a constant theme in history.Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.规则11：what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数形式。What surprised me most was