高考英语一轮复习话题38发明家与发明Unit3Inventorsandinventions新人教版选修8.docx

1、高考英语一轮复习话题38发明家与发明Unit3Inventorsandinventions新人教版选修8话题38 发明家与发明（Unit 3 Inventors and inventions）晨读背诵话题单词1. discovery dskvr n. 发现 2. patent pet()nt n. 专利3.product prdkt n.产品 4. expectation ekspekte()n n. 预料5. recognition rekn()n n. 认可 6. application plke()n n. 申请7. occasionally kenl adv. 偶尔 8. practi

2、cal prktk()l adj. 实际的9. unrealistic nrlstk adj. 不现实 10. system sstm n. 系统11. negotiate net n. 磋商 12. positive pztv adj. 积极的 13. benefit benft v. 带来好处 14. function fkn n.功能；作用15. throughout ruat n.遍及；贯穿 16. feature fi:t n.特征；特色17. emergency mdns n.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻18. unexpected nkspektd adj.想不到的；意外的；未预

3、料到的19. particular ptkjl(r) adj.个别的；特别的 20. negative netv adj.否定的；负面的；消极的话题短语1. set about/ out开始；着手 2. in truth事实上3.out of order 发生故障 4. first of all 首先5. a variety of 各种各样的 6. in the Inernet 在网络7. concentrate on 集中于 8. research into 对研究 9. have an effect on 对有影响 10. bring about 产生；带来11. at a high sp

4、eed 高速地 12. as for 至于 13. on the other hand另一方面 14. potential danger 潜在危险话题句子1Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在你获得了那种认证后，你才能说是一个真正的发明家。2The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(评定)专利标准

5、是很严格的，除非新的想法真是新颖的，否则很难被接受。3Remember to include one change to your invention in case it doesnt work the first time.记住对你的发明要有变化的余地，以防它第一次不起作用。4. You have invented a car that uses water instead of petrol. 你发明了一种使用水而不用汽油的汽车。6. Creativity is not about getting high test scores, having a high IQ or being s

6、mart. 创造力并非意味着考试得一个高分，有高智商或聪明伶俐。7. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 创造性思维是一种有意识的打破旧的思维模式试图找到新的可能性的尝试。8. By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise

7、 remain invisible. 通过尽可能多的角度来看待一个问题，富有创造力的思考者可以发现在其他情况下可能觉察不了的答案。篇章模板Madame Curie was a world famous woman scientist. She was born in a teachers family in Poland in 1867 and died in 1934. From her childhood, she loved to study and hoped to become a scientist. At 24 she left for Paris and entered Par

8、is University. She lived a very simple life and studied very hard. Madame Curie devoted her whole life to scientific research. She won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911.She will be always remembered as a great woman scientist.汉语大意：居里夫人是一位世界著名的女科学家。1867年她出生在波兰一个老师的家庭，死于193

9、4。从她的童年起，她爱学习，希望成为一个科学家。她24岁去巴黎，进入巴黎大学。她过着很简单的生活，学习非常努力。居里夫人毕生致力于科学研究。她获得了1903获诺贝尔物理奖，1911诺贝尔化学奖。作为一个伟大的女科学家她将永远被人们铭记。基础知识自测一、单词拓展(A)根据音标及词义写出英文单词1.distinguish dstw vi. & vt.显示的差别;使有所不同;辨别2.merciful msfl adj.宽大的;仁慈的;慈悲的mercy ms n.宽大;仁慈3.product prdkt n.产品4.abrupt brpt adj.突然的;意外的abruptly brptl adv.突

10、然地,唐突地5.convenient knvinnt adj.便利的,方便的,就近的convenience knvinns n.方便,便利conveniently knvinntladv.便利地,方便地6.caution k:n n.小心,谨慎cautious k:s adj.小心的,谨慎的cautiouslyk:sl adv.小心地,谨慎地7.passive psv adj.被动的;消极的;被动语态的8.seize si:z vt.抓住;捉住;夺9.file fal n.文件;档案;文件夹 vt.提交;将归档10.freezing friz adj.冰冻的;严寒的freeze friz v.

11、冰冻11.innocent nsnt adj.清白的;无罪的;天真的innocence nsns n.天真,清白12.bear be(r) vt.忍受;忍耐;负担13.tap tp vt.轻打;轻拍;轻敲 n.轻轻地敲击(声);(水)龙头14.current krnt n.(水或气)流;电流 adj.现在的;当前的15.stable steb()l adj.稳固的;稳定的;安定的16.associate set vt.联想;联系 n.同伴,伙伴17.practical prktk()l adj.实际的;实践的;实用的petence kmptns n.能力;胜任;本领(B)单词活用 用所给词的正

12、确形式填空1. Im sorry, but I dont know there is an abrupt ( abruptly)change of plan.2. As expected (expect), the sales manager gave in his notice at work today.3. We should try our best to put the enemy in a passive ( passive) position.4. As we all know, newspapers influence the current ( currently) of t

13、hought.5. I have heard two versions (version) of the accident.6Its freezing (freeze) outside. Youd better put on more clothes.7Your invention is ingenious, but not very practical (practice).8I keep my reference books near my desk for convenience (convenient)二、短语互译及运用(A)短语互译1.call up 给打电话2.now and th

14、en 偶尔;有时3.set about 开始;着手4.dive into 迅速把手伸入;一心投入5.set out (to do) 开始(做)6.hang on 不挂断;稍等;紧紧握住7.out of order 次序颠倒;发生故障8.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话);(设法)做完;通过9.ring back 回复电话10.ring off 挂断电话(B)灵活运用 选择以上恰当的词组填空1. The poor girl has gone through such a lot since her parents died.2. Do be careful with those

15、fireworks; the slightest spark could set them off.3. These old photos called up childhood memories.4. I set out to knit(编织) a sweater but in the end it became a vest.5. Hes not in; why dont you ring back after 6 oclock?6. He takes my sister out to the theatre now and then.7. My clock is out of order

16、 and waked me up at 3 this morning.三、课文语法填空When I called up my mother in the countryside 1 the telephone she was upset. There were some snakes in the courtyard 2 came near the house now and then. I think here was a chance for me to distinguish 3 by inventing something to catch the snakes 4 I set abo

17、ut working on some approaches. Finally I came up with an easy 5 convenient way: I put a bowl with some ice-cubes in it 6 the snakes habitat to make them sleepy, then I used a small net 7 (collect) the passive snakes and the next day I merrily released them all back 8 the wild. I was satisfied with m

18、y invention that I decided to seize the opportunity to apply 9 a patent. So I sent my invention to the patent office to get recognition. And 10 after I have had the recognition can I say that I am truly an inventor.【答案】1. on 2. which/ that 3. myself 4. so 5. and 6. over 7. to collect 8. into 9. for

19、10. only 重点词汇精讲精练1. distinguish vt. 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分背诵 The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。搭配distinguish A from B 辨别A与B be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by 以为特征be distinguished for 因而著称distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)Hes distinguished himself a

20、s a teacher. (作为老师，他早已负有盛名。)(2)What was it that distinguished her from (使得她有别于)her classmates?(3) Children should be taught to distinguish right from wrong (分辨好坏).2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的背诵 Our house is very convenient for the shops. 我们的房子离商店很近。搭配be convenient to/for sb 对方便It is convenient to do st

21、h 做某事方便convenience n 方便at your convenience 在你方便的时候 if it suits a persons convenience如果对某人方便for the convenience of sb为了方便起见运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。(1)Come and see me whenever it s convenient to you (无论你何时方便).(2)We must arrange a convenient (convenience) time and place for the meeting.(3)I keep my ref

22、erence books near by desk for convenience (convenient).3. bear v. 忍受，具有，带有，显示 （标记或特性）背诵 The letter bears no signature.这封信上没有签名。搭配bear doing/ n/to do忍受bear sb./sb.s doing忍受某人做某事bear sb./sth. out证实；为作证bear with sb./sth.耐心对待；容忍bear sth. in mind牢记说明 bear作“忍受”讲时，其后接动名词做宾语，表示习惯性的动作，也可接不定式做宾语，表示某一次具体的动作，且多

23、与can, could及be able to等连用。运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)I couldnt bear to listen (听不下去)any longer, so I left the room.(2)I cant bear being kept (忍受别人叫我等待)waiting.(3)I doubt if that chair will bear your weight (承受得了你的体重).(4)You must bear it in mind (记住)that your parents hope to depend on you to become a doctor.

24、4. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情 愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）背诵 She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。搭配seize hold of sth 抓住某物seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机seize on/upon sth 意识到某事物而立即加以利用运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)His father asked him to seize the chance to make some money (抓住时机赚一些钱).(2)We were seized (身不由己) by a sudde

25、n impulse to run.(3)The critics seized on (抓住) my mistake and said I was ignorant.5. expectation n. 预料，期待，期望背诵 He has little expectation of passing the exam. 他对考试及格不抱希望。搭配beyond expectation 出乎意料in expectation of 预料，期望，指望against all expectation (s) 与预期相反，出乎意料come up to ones expectations 不负所望运用 根据汉语提示

26、完成下列句子。(1)I usually enjoy his films, but the last one didnt come to my expectations (并不像我期望的那样好). (2)We waited at the station in expectation of her arrival(期待她的到来). 6. go through经历(困难,痛苦等)；通过,成功,成交；审阅,检查；翻找,查看,搜寻；穿过,通过背诵 The plan didnt go through. 计划没通过。联想look through 浏览 read through 通读 flow through

27、流过 get through 通过，接通，使成功 search through搜寻,查找 carry sth through 成功地完成 put sth through 完成或达成（计划方案）运用 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。(1)I have never gone through (经历)this kind of the thing, so Im afraid. (2) I tried several times, but couldnt get through (打通电话).7. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人背诵 He called me up t

28、o tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。联想call back 召回；回电话；收回处理call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)call for 要求，提倡，为叫喊call forth 使产生；引起；使起作用call in 召集，召来，来访call off 取消；取消或延期：call out 出动，唤起，大声叫唤 运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。(1)This is the work that calls for patience. (2)Human Rights groups are calling for the

29、release of political prisoners. (3)He had to call off the meeting because of the bad weather.(4) I ll call on him tomorrow do you want to visit him with me?(5)The company has called back all such models as built in 1990.(6)The government then called in troops to deal with the disturbances.(7) The ol

30、d photo calls up memories of my childhood. 8. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事背诵 The new government must set about finding solutions to the countrys economic problems. 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。联想set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）set sth down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来set out 从某地出发上路set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）set sth off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地开始做某事set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）记录运用 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。(1)I don t know how to set about this job. (2)She set up a new world record time in the 100 metres. (3)They set