必修3一单元.docx

1、必修3一单元13. look forward to 盼望,期待 eg. 孩子们渴盼着过年 Children are looking forward to Spring Festival. 他期待着笔友来信 Hes looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.look 的短语look back (on) 回顾，回想look down on upon 看不起,瞧不起look into 调查,研究,了解look onas 看作,当作look over 审阅,翻阅,打量,检查look through 翻阅,浏览look to 注意,负责look up to

2、尊敬用look短语的适当形式填空1) You shouldnt _the poor.2) I still shudder when I _the past. 3) The police are _the cause of the accident. 4) I _my parents.5) _it that this doesnt happen again. 6) He _ her _ and nodded lightly. 7) _your notes before the examination.14. clothing 衣服,覆盖物 clothing , clothes , cloth用法

3、区别 1) clothing表示“衣服”的总称,是一个不可数的集合名词, 只有单数形式,其作主语时,谓语有单数形式。 表示“一件衣服” an article/item of 或a piece of clothing “衣食” food and clothing eg. 这种衣服在青少年中间很畅销 This clothing sells well to the teenage market. 小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食 Children depend on their parents for food and clothing.习语 a wolf in sheeps clothing 披着羊皮的

4、狼2) clothes是衣服的统称,不仅包括coat, shirt, dress等这样的“衣服”,而且还包括 trousers, socks等穿在身上的所有东西。表示“衣服”,是一个没有单数形式,其前不可加不定冠词,也不可加具体数词,不能说a clothes，six clothes但可用 some, these, those, many, (a) few, ones等词修饰,其作主语时谓语用复数形式 eg. These clothes wash well. 这些衣服经洗 I need to buy some clothes. 我需要买些衣服名词修饰: school clothes(校服), s

5、ports clothes(运动服), work clothes(工作服),play clothes (休闲服) spring clothes(春装),summer clothes(夏装) autumn clothes(秋装),winter clothes(冬装)名词复数所有格修饰: mens clothes(男装), womens clothes(女装), childrens clothes(童装)但“婴儿服装”却是baby clothes,通常不说babies clothes。表示一套衣服, a suit/set of clothescloth 表示“布”“衣料”,是不可数名词。 eg.

6、a piece of cloth(一块布), three yards of cloth (3码布), a roll of cloth(一卷布)She bought some cloth to make herself a dress. 她买了些布要给自己做一件连衣裙表示用作某种特殊用途的布(如桌布台布,揩布等),是可数名词 eg. Clean the windows with a soft cloth. 用块软布擦窗子。 The box was covered with a black cloth by the magician. 盒子被魔术师盖上黑布。a tablecloth(桌布), a

7、dishcloth(洗碟布),a face cloth(洗脸毛巾)等等15. as though = as if 仿佛,好像 引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气;但如果从句中陈述的情况可能实现,可用陈述语气翻译下列句子,注意as if/ as though的用法 1) 你好像是见了鬼似的 You look as if youd seen a ghost. 2) 他讲起话来就好像是个英国人 He speaks as though he were an Englishman 3) 他张开嘴好像要说什么 He opened his mouth as if he would say

8、something 4) It looks as if well be late. 我们似乎要迟到了 5) It looks / seems as if you have got no experience . 看来你似乎并没有经验在现代英语中,有时即使从句内容不是事实,也可能用陈述语气eg. I feel as if Im floating on air.他感到好像漂浮在空中It isnt as if 不像/又不是 eg. It isnt as if you did not know the matter. 你又不是不知道这件事的 as if/as though + to do/doing/

9、adj/介词短语/n. eg. 1) He raised his hands as if (he were) to say something 他举起手好像要说什么2) He acts as if （he was） a fool 他做事像个傻子 3) She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子4) He looked around as if (he was) in search of something = He looked around as if (he was) searching somethin

10、g15. have fun with和.玩的开心,过得快乐 1) have /there is fun (in) doing sth做某事很开心 eg. 我们今天骑自行车去海滨玩得很开心 We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach today. 晚上无事可干，很无聊 Theres no fun in spending the evening doing nothing. 2) Its fun to do/doing sth 做某事有趣 eg. 在大海里游泳真有趣 It is great fun to swim/swimming in the sea.

11、3) for fun 为了高兴,为了好玩 in fun 不是当真的,闹着玩的,开玩笑地eg. I am not saying it for fun. 我说这话并不是在开玩笑 He said so only in fun. 他这样说只是开开玩笑16. custom n.习惯,风俗 eg. The celebration of the Spring Festival is a custom. 庆祝春节是一种习俗 It is the custom for the Japanese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall. 脱鞋是日本人进入大

12、厅的风俗custom, habit, practice的区别custom 指国家或社会的传统习俗habit侧重于自然养成的，不易去掉的个人习惯practice “惯例, 习惯做法”即可指一个人也可指许多人长 期做某件事,常指习惯性的做法或行为customs 海关,关税It took us only four minutes to get through the Customs.我们用4分钟的时间通过了海关17. fool 1) n. 傻瓜,愚人,受骗者eg. What a fool I was to believe he is a good man. 我竟然相信他是个好人,我真是个傻瓜 mak

13、e a fool of sb. 愚弄,欺骗eg. 我可不愿意受到别人的愚弄 I dont like being made a fool of. 2) vt.欺骗,愚弄 eg. He is trying to fool you, dont listen to him. 他想愚弄你，别听他的 fool sb into doing sth欺骗某人做某事 fool sb out of sth 骗某人东西 eg. 她骗走了老人所有的钱She fooled the old man out of all his money3) vi.欺骗,开玩笑,戏弄 be just fooling 闹着玩,开玩笑 foo

14、l around 闲荡,游手好 fool with 玩弄 Dont be angry. We are just fooling. 别生气,我们只是闹著玩的I was meant to be working on Sunday, but I just fooled around all day. 星期日我本应工作的，但却闲混了一整天Dont fool with that gun. Its dangerous.别玩枪,那很危险4) adj. 傻的a fool thing 蠢事 18. permission n. 允许,许可ask/request/apply for permission 请求许可

15、give/grant permission 准许,许可 get/obtain/receive permission from sb 得到某人允许 with/without sbs permission 得到/未经某人的许可 eg. You must ask permission if you want to leave early. 如果你想早走的话，必须得到允许permit vt. vi. 允许；许可Weather permitting (If weather pemits),we will go outing天气好的话,我们就去郊游The task doesnt permit any de

16、lay.这项任务不允许有任何耽搁They did not permit my coming here.= They did not permit me to come here他们不让我来这儿permit 用法归纳 permit sth permit (sbs) doing sth 允许做某事 permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 be permitted to do sth 被允许做某事permit n.许可证，执照a work permit工作许可证 a driving permit 驾驶执照 情态动词的语法特征1) 情态动词不能单独做谓语, 除ought和have外,

17、后面只能接不带to的不定式。 2) 情态动词没有人称, 数的变化, 但有些情态动词, 如can、will也有一般式和过去式的变化。3)情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志, 不少情况下, 情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。只作情态动词的 can / could, may / might, ought to, must可情态可实义的 need, dare 可情态可助动词的 shall / should, will / would相当于情态动词的 have to, used to can 和could1) can的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力

18、的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话的推测事物的可能性等: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中, can可以表示请求或允许: eg. Can I sit here? can表示“能够”时与短语be able to同义，但can只用于一般现在时或过去时，而后者可用于各种时态。另外，can表示个人有某种能力，而be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事，相当于succeed in doing sth.；叙述过去事实时，最好用was / were able to，因为could只表示过去具有某种能力。

19、如：Can you understand the different kinds of English these people are using?Two years later, he was able to speak very good Chinese.) could的主要用法是： A. could 是can的过去式, 表示与过去 有关的能力和推测: e.g. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替can表示请求, 但语气较can客气、委婉:e.g. Could you lend me your

20、dictionary? Could I use your bike? 3) can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中, 表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 e.g. They cant have gone out because the light is still on.以could或would提问时，不能再以could或would作答，而应该用can或will。如：Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes, of course you can.may和might： may 常用来表示： A. 表示请求、允许; 比can较为正式: e

21、.g. May I come in? You may go now.B. 表示说话人的猜测:“也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。e.g. -I believe the man is from England. -But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，may的可能性比can 高，may表示现实的可能性，can表示理论上的可能性。如：The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性

22、用can。 如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？C. 表示祝愿;但语气较正式: e.g. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有:多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。如: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。除了在间接引语中以外，might 一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可可以用was (were) allowed to 或者had permission to 。 表示现在的可能，其可能性要

23、比may 小。如：She might go home tomorrow.说不定他明天会回家。 表示现在的许可, 语气比may较委婉, 一般用于疑问句(包括间接疑问句), 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？will和would：1. will是助动词或是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动词。would亦同理。 e.g. I will tell you something important. 我要告诉你一些重要的事。（助动词）Will you tell her tha

24、t Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？（情态动词） 2. 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。 e.g.: If you want help - let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助, 让我知道, 好吗? Will you type this, please? 请打印这个, 好吗？ Wont you sit down? 请坐下, 好吗？ 3. would比will客气委婉。 e.g.: Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？Id go there with you. （表意愿）我要和你一块到那儿去。 Teacher w

25、ouldnt allow it. （表许可）老师不会允许这件事。shall和should：1. shall用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心” 是情态动词。 e.g.: Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. 可能今年冬天我会去英国观光。 （构成一般将来时, 助动词）Shall we go by train, Mom? 妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？ （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. 我必须立即去。 （表 “决心”，情态动词） shall可以用于第一、三人称的疑问

26、句，表示征求意见或许可；还可用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示允诺、警告、命令或威胁等。如：You shall be punished if you break the rule.2. should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该“should+ have+过去分词” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。must和 haveto1. must用于一般问句中, 肯定回答用must否定式用neednt或dont have to，做“不必

27、”, mustnt表示“禁止，不允许” MustIfinishallassignmentsatatime? Yes, you must. No,youneednt. 2. 表示“必须”这个意思时，must和haveto稍有区别。must着重说明主观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多时态。 I dont like this TV set. We must buy a new one. There was no more bus. They had to walk home.3. must表示对某人某事的猜测, 作“准是”, “一定” , 一般用于肯定句中。对过去发生的事

28、情作肯定判断用must have done。Youmustbethenewteacher. Hemustbejoking. Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveall gonehome. 4. must表示“偏要, 硬要”, 指做令人不快的事情He must come and worry her with question, just when she was busy cooking the dinner. Of course，after I gave her my advice，she must go and do the opposite.can / could,

29、 may / might, should和must都可表示肯定的推测。can / could表示客观可能性；may表示推测时，其语气不肯定；might语气更弱，表示某事实际发生的可能性；should表示确定或可能有的未来或期待；must表示比较肯定的语气。如：I think advertisements can be quite dangerous.The newcomer may be dismissed by the company.The rescue team should arrive by 5 oclock this afternoon.I think the old woman

30、must be a nice person.could, might, would, should都可表示委婉语气。如:I wonder if you could let me use your cell phone. Might I know your telephone number?1. A: _ you like to go to a special event with us on Saturday? B: Yes, I _ _.2. A: _ Xiao Feng find the origin of Easter from that book? B: No, he _.3. A: _ I go with my friend to the harvest festival? B: Yes, you _ _.4. A: If I want to be a doctor _ I study sci