人教版高中英语选修7Unit 2Robots学案1.docx

1、人教版高中英语选修7Unit 2Robots学案1Robots一、单元要点【主要词汇与短语】fiction cartoon desire satisfaction absent alarm smoothembarrass sympathy elegant pile scan fingernailabsurd haircut accompany curtain cushion carpet paintawful affairfirm declare victory envy marriagecomplicated biography explanation transfusion junior

2、navy talentchapter empire divorce obey asidetest out turn around make up leave alone ring up set aside【交际用语】Prediction, conjecture and belief 预见、猜测和相信 She / He will I guess that He must have done It seems (that) It looks as if I believe that he is right I suppose I dont think I doubt【语法】被动语态和动词不定式的被

3、动语态She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin.As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shopsThe women were impressed by Claire and the house.It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire.二、难点解析1. It was going to be tested out by Larrys wife, Claire. 这项试验将由拉

4、里的妻子克莱尔来尝试。1) 本句是一个过去将来一般时的被动语态。过去将来一般时表示在过去将来的某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，如：He said that the bridge would be built next year. 他说这座桥明年将建成。This book was going to be lent to the assistant of the professor. 这本书将要借给教授的助手。2) test 有动词和名词词性。本句用作动词。 测验；检验；试验；检查The teacher tested the children on their homework. 老师就孩子们的家

5、庭作业进行检查。Before he bought the car, he drove it to test it. 他在买这辆小汽车之前先开了一下试试车。 考验；考查The long race tested the swimmers endurance. 长距离比赛考验了游泳者们的持久力。 探测，勘测The workers are testing for oil. 工人们在勘探石油。 test表示“测验，考查”是以某种手段来试一试某人或某物是否达到了一定的标准I think I failed the Intelligence Test. 我想我的智力测验没及格。I was being test

6、ed for a driving licence for the third time. 为了取得驾驶执照，我正在接受第三次考试。After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. 温佩尼先生把飞机制造好之后，对飞机进行了彻底的试验。He has stood the test of war. 他经受住了战争的考验。 examine表示“测验，考查”是通过观察或测试来确定某人或某物的资格或者性能How was the examination, Dick? 考试的情况怎么样，迪克？The teacher will exa

7、mine the students in English. 老师要考学生的英语了。2. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human. 机器人如此有人情味，使得她烦恼而且害怕。1) it 是形式主语，that引导的句子是这个句子的主语，即that 从句是一个主语从句，有时候that可以省略。Itsclear(that)hehasdonehisbest. 很明显他已经尽力而为了。 Itwasstrangethathehadmadeamistake. 真奇怪，他竟然错了。 有时为了强调that从句的内容，也可以将从句放在句首，这

8、时that不可以省略。 Thatweneedmorefoodisquiteobvious. 我们需要更多的食物，这是很明显的。 但是疑问句中，只能用先行词it结构。Was it disturbing and frightening that he looked so human?2) human 有形容词和名词的词性，在本句中用作形容词词性，作连系动词look的表语。 人的；人类的They were researching the ancient human affairs. 他们在研究与古人类有关的事。 To err is human. 人皆有过。 有人性的；通人情的His cruelty

9、suggests that he is less than human. 他的残忍表示他没有人性。He seems quite human when you know him. 如果你了解他,你就会觉得他是很有人情味的。 用作名词，表示“人”，human作名词时等于human being，在将人与动物、神仙、鬼等比较时常用human。如：Are robots as clever as humans？机器人跟人一样聪明吗？That was the beginning of the lift of us humans那就是我们人类生活的开始。We are all human beings. 我们都

10、是人。 human, humane都表示具有或者显出人类特质的。而human 指属于人类的感情，包括缺点； humane 主要指人类对动物及孤苦零丁的人怜悯/ 同情的情绪或行为。 3. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.克莱尔觉得机器人向她表示同情，这有点荒唐可笑。1) 本句中的it是宾语从句中的形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。2) ridiculous 形容词词性，表示“可笑的，滑稽的，荒谬的” He is a ridiculous figure. 他是一个可笑的人。The seller sho

11、wed me a coat ridiculous in dress. 售货员给我拿了一件可笑的衣服。 ridiculous，absurd均含“不合情理、荒唐、可笑的”意思。ridiculous 意为“荒谬的、令人发笑的”, 常会有“鄙视”之意, 如:How ridiculous! 真滑稽! (含“岂有此理”意味)absurd 强调“不符合人情或常识的”, 如:Its clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd. 人人都清楚, 上帝创造世界的说法是荒谬的。3）sympathy 是个名词，表示“同情，慰问，怜

12、悯”，其复数形式为sympathies。 同情，同情心 I have no sympathy for beggars. 我不同情乞丐。 一致，同感；赞同；共鸣（作用）He is in sympathy with their beliefs. 他与他们的信仰一致。 慰问；吊唁；慰问电，吊唁信 We sent our sympathies on the death of his mother. 他母亲故世时我们去信吊慰。 4. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her,

13、Claire thought.她刚一转身，就看到格拉蒂斯克拉芬站在那里。克莱尔想，被格拉蒂斯发现了，这多么难为情啊。1）as作连词，当的时候,引导时间状语从句。表示两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生。只用as, 而不用when或while。如:I thought of it just as you opened your mouth. Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry. as，when和while as 意为“边边”或“与同时”，重在表示动作同时发生伴随进行。如：They talked as they walked他

14、们边走边谈。when 意为“在时刻或时期”，它可兼指“时间点”与“时间段”，从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词。如：When I got home，he was having supper我到家时，他正在吃晚饭。When I was young，I liked dancing我年轻时喜欢跳舞。while 只指“时间段”，不指“时间点”，从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如：While I slept，a thief broke in在我睡觉时，贼闯了进来。注意：当从句谓语是表动作的延续性动词，when，while 和as才有可能互相替代。如：While/When/As we were s

15、till laughing，the teacher came in正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了。当从句的谓语是终止动词，而且主句的谓语也是终止性动词时，when可和 as 通用，而且用 as 比用 when 在时间上更为紧凑，有“正当这时”的含义。如：He came just as/ when I reached the door我刚到门那儿，他就来了。从句的谓语动词如表示状态时，通常用 while。如：We must strike while the iron is hot我们应该趁热打铁。2）turn around(=turn round)表示“转过去, 转身” Now please

16、 turn round. 现在请转过身来。3）表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。How +形容词或副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）！how引导的感叹句，在口语中常用简略式，即省略后一部分（陈述句部分）如：How cold（it is）！多冷啊！5. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她叫了一声“托尼”，然后听到托尼很正式地跟她说，他不想

17、在第二天离开，而且他不仅仅满足于使她开心。1）declare 公告；布告；宣告；声明to declare war 宣战The judge declared Jim (to be) innocent. 法官宣布吉姆无罪。 声称；郑重地说；断言，其后常与that引导的宾语从句连用I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. 我在会上声明我不支持他。She declared that she didnt want to see him again. 她宣称她再也不愿见到他。 申报；详报Have you anything to declar

18、e? 你有要申报纳税的物品吗？ declarer n. 宣言者; (牌戏)叫牌成功的人 declarable adj. 应申报的2）morethan+名词(动名词),意思是“不仅仅是,不只是”。如:Weneedmorethanmoney;weneedtime,too.我们不只需要钱,我们也需要时间。MytriptoBeijingismorethansightseeing.我去北京不仅仅是观光。Bambooisusedformorethanbuilding.竹子不仅仅用于建筑。3）desire名词，表示“渴望；欲望；强烈的欲望”My greatest desire is to go back h

19、ome. 我最大的希望是回家He has no desire for wealth. 他对财富无欲望。I had a desire to go swimming. 我很想去游泳。 还可以表示“要求，请求” Ill try to act according to your desire. 我将尽量按你的要求行事。She played a piece by desire. 她应邀演奏了一曲。desire还有动词词性，表示“想要，意欲，希望” He desired a college education. 他想受到大学教育。They desire me to return soon. 他们要我快点回

20、来。 要求，请求I desire an immediate answer of his. 我请他立即回信。She desires that you (should) see her at once. 她要你立即见她。 desirable 是形容词，表示“值得做的；引起愿望的” It is most desirable that he should attend the conference. 他能参加此次会议，是最好不过的了。 desirous 形容词用作表语，表示“渴望的；有或表示某种愿望的；期望的”，常与to do, that连用。Both sides were desirous of f

21、inding a quick solution to the problem. 双方都渴望找到迅速解决问题的办法。Everybody is desirous of success / to succeed. 每人都想获得成功。6. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains on the front window. 也就在那时，克莱尔才意识到托尼早就把前边窗户的窗帘拉开了。1） 本句是一个强调句式，用来强调时间。现在我们来复习一下强调句型。It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) +

22、句子其他部分，此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。区别于主语从句，强调结构的that从句不能用于句首。It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. 早在阿西莫夫11岁的时候，他的写作才华就已经显示出来了。2) realize含义是“意识到，弄明白”，认识现实；领悟；认识过错Does he realize his error yet？他认识到他的错误吗？The man laughed when he realized what had happened. 当那个人意识到是

23、怎么回事时，便笑了起来。The personnel manager doesnt seem to realize the immediacy of the problem. 人事部长似乎还没有意识到这个问题的紧迫性。 实现；实行He finally realized his lifelong ambition to learn how to play the violin. 他最终实现了他毕生的理想学会了拉小提琴She realized her intention of becoming an actress. 她实现了当演员的愿望。7. He had prevented Claire fro

24、m harming herself through her own sense of failure. 他使克莱尔没有因为她的失败感而使她自己受到伤害。1）keep sbfrom doing (sth) 意为“阻止某人做某事”，from不可省。如：What kept you from joining us？什么阻止你加入我们？We must do something to keep the roof from falling我们必须采取措施阻止屋顶塌下来。 类似表示“制止（阻止、防止）某人或某物做某事”的意思的词组还有：prevent sb./sth. from doing sth.，stop

25、 sb./sth. from doing sth. ，keep sb/sthfrom doing sth.，protectfrom/against它们常可以互换，但要注意：现代英语中，prevent sb.（sth.）from doing sth.和stop sb.（sth.） from doing sth.，中的from常可省略，但用被动语态时，from不能省略。keep sb.（sth.）from doing sth中的 from不可省略。The rain prevented us (from) coming in time.（The rain prevented our coming i

26、n time.）下雨使我们没及时赶到。We were prevented by the heavy rain from（不能省）getting there in time这场大雨使我们未能及时赶到那里。Who can stop us（from）going if we want to go？如果我们要去，谁能阻止得了呢？Nothing will keep us from coming here什么也阻止不了我们到这里来。I think doing this can prevent such things from happening again我认为这样做能够防止再发生类似的事情。 protec

27、t意为“保护（不受伤害）”，后接较大的事情，如天灾，战争，重税等多用against，接较小的事情如harm，danger，catching cold等时用 from。如：I was wearing a fur coat to protect myself from the cold2）through在本句是介词，表示“由于；因为；考虑到”She succeeded through hard work. 她努力工作取得了成功。The boy made mistakes through carelessness. 男孩由于粗心大意而造成了错误。8. But even though Tony had

28、 been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt you cannot have women falling in love with machines. 但是，尽管托尼很聪明，他还是得作一番改造总不能让女人与机器相爱吧。1）even though和even if的意义和用法相同，只是even if较为常用。引导让步状语从句时，该从句往往是表述可能性不大或假设的事情，可译为“尽管，即使，纵然”等，可用于虚拟语气，也可用于直陈语气。如：Nothing could have saved him even if he has been tended without delay即使当时他得到及时的救护，他的生命也无法挽救。Even if you cant finish it，others many go on即使你做不完，别人也可以接着做。He wont give up the experiment even if he has failed ten times即使失败了十次，他也不愿意放弃这个实验。说明：有时可用 if代替even if，意思不变，这是古英语用法的残存形式。如：I couldnt be angry with him if（=even if）I tried我对他生不起气来，即使我想那样的话。