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土木工程英语专业词汇小集Word文件下载.docx

1、砖(brick) 石材(stone) 木材( wooden) 钢材( steel)玻璃(glass) 抵抗(resist)压力(compression)挤压(squeeze)压碎(crush)拉力(tension)拉(pull) 纤维的(fibrous)装饰(decoration)饰品(ornament)Alloy steels(合金钢) Steel wires(钢丝)durability(耐久性)hydraulic cement(水硬性水泥)lime(石灰)3、基础工程土工试验(soil experiments)自重(the own weight)岩土工程(Geotechnical engi

2、neering) 岩土特性分析(analyze the properties of soils and rocks)沉降(settlement) 基础(foundation)坡体(slopes)填土(fills)压缩(compaction)颗粒(particle)淤泥(silt)粘土(clay)砂(sand)砾石(gravel)岩石(rock)稳定(stability)强度(strength)上部结构( superstructure)下部结构( substructure)变形(deform) 回弹(rebound) 时间相关的(time-dependent)施加(impose)隆起(heave

3、)不均匀的(uneven)倾斜的(leaning)开裂(crack)倒塌(collapse)扩展基础(spread footing)raftor mat(筏式基础)土力学(soil mechanics)桩(pile)The allowable bearing pressure(允许承载力)building code(建筑规范)grade beam(地梁)the retention of earth(填土)slide(滑移)overturn(倾覆)rigid(刚性的)discontinuity(不连续性)floating foundation(浮式基础) survey(勘察)samples of

4、 soil and rock(岩土试样)Bore(钻孔) 地基土(subsoil)shear(剪力)4、建筑工程建筑物(building)建筑学(architecture)结构(structures)结构工程(structural engineering)梁(beam)跨越(span)弯曲(bend)支座(support)柱(column)应力(stress),柱(post)框架(frame) 外墙(exterior walls)承重墙(bearing walls)过梁(lintel)简支梁(simple beam) 骨架(skeleton) 悬臂的(cantilever)特种结构(speci

5、al structures )可居住的(habitable)自然采光(natural light) 人工照明(artificial light)耐久性(permanence)砌体(masonry)筒体(tube) 刚度(stiffness)刚梁(rigid beam)刚性框架(rigid frames) 桁架(trusses)侧向稳定( lateral stability)公共建筑(public building)高层建筑(tall buildings)超高层建筑(ultrahigh rise buildings)围护(skin)应力蒙皮(stressed-skin) 风荷载(wind loa

6、d)刚性带桁架框架(frames with rigid belt trusses)框筒(framed tube)束筒(bundled tube)滑移(drift)筒中筒(tube in tube)剪力墙(shear wall) 组合体系(composite system)。5、交通土建交通(transportation )交通工程(transportation engineering)公共设施(public facilities) 公共交通(mass transit) 铁路(railroad)公路(highway)expressway(高速公路)6、桥梁桥梁(bridge) 悬索桥(suspe

7、nsion bridge)桥墩(bridge pier)悬臂桥(cantilever bridge)悬臂(corbel)7、隧道 隧道(tunnels)锚固(anchor)港口 水利水电 给排水 防灾减灾计算机大坝(dams)滨海(offshore)海港(harbors)水利工程(water resources engineering)防洪(prevent floods)供水(supply water )灌溉(irrigation) 运河(canals)Sea Works(海洋工程)martime engineering (海事工程)Fishing ports(渔港) marinas(码头)R

8、eclamation and conservancy(填海与保护)estuaries(河口)Hydraulic(水力的),Natural harbor(天然海港),artificial harbor(人工海港),Tidal cycle(潮汐周期),scour(冲刷),siltation(淤积),breakwater(防波堤),Secondary wave(次生波),Reflected wave(反射波),disturbances(干扰),Bay(海湾),jetty(防波堤),mole(防波堤)。水闸(locks)大型水电坝(huge hydroelectric dams) 水围堰(water

9、impoundments )给水(water)排水(sewage)管线(pipelines)管道工程(Pipeline engineering)地下水( groundwater )结构抗震(protect structures against earthquakes)地震(earthquake)柔性的(flexible)索(cable) 桥台(abutment)cantilever(悬臂梁),truss(桁架),arch(拱),suspension(悬索), cofferdams(围堰),caissons(沉箱), piles(桩)。dam(水坝)discharge(流量), hydrauel

10、ectric(水电的),navigation(航行),spillways(泄洪道),gates(闸门),valves(阀门),tunnels(隧道),pipelines(管道),evacuate(开挖),reservoir(水库),rockfill(填石),masonry(砌体),abutments(墩台)。Site(场地),investigation(调查),boring(钻孔),strata(地层),shaft(钻杆),elasticity(弹性),permeability(渗透性),stress(应力),groundwater(地下水),assess(评估),seismic(地震),hy

11、draulic(水力的),Finite Element Analysis(有限单元分析),equilibrium(平衡),strain(应变)。Tensile strength(抗拉强度),compressive strength(抗拉强度),support(支撑),vertical(垂直的),load(荷载),concrete(砼),cement(水泥),shrink(收缩),set(凝固),harden(硬化),crack(开裂),cast(浇注),blend(掺和),resistence(抵抗),aggregate(骨料),fine-grained(细颗粒的),fly ash(粉煤灰),

12、filler(填充剂),volume(量),addivitives(添加剂),surface-active agents(表面活化剂),air-entraining agents(引气剂),water-to-cement ratio(水灰比),cool(冷却),extract(提取),vacuum(真空)。Permeable(可渗透的),resistance(抵抗),deterioration(侵蚀),deformation(变形),seepage(渗透),quick(流砂),fluid(流体),earthquake(地震),seismically active region(地震活动带),s

13、trong ground motion(强地动),response(响应),predict(预言),degree of freedom(自由度),damping(阻尼)。Highway(公路),maintenance(维护),financing(筹款),traffic(交通),assess(评估),layout(布局),capacity(容量),route(线路),preliminary(初步的),alternate(备选的),detailed design(详细设计),terrain(地形),traverse(横过),photogrammetric(摄影测量的),stage(阶段),phas

14、e(阶段),evaluation(评价)。Delay(延期),coordinate(协调),preserve(保护),propose(提议),blueprints(蓝图),earthwork(土方工程),surfacing(路面),grading(场地平整),excavate(开挖),fill(填),analyze the gradation(颗粒分析),compact(压缩)。Surfacing(铺面),accommodate(容纳),frequency(频率),roadway(路面),sandy clay(砂质粘土),slag(矿碴),crushed stone(碎石),gravel(砾石

15、),stabilize(稳定),subgrade(路基),roller(滚压机),soil-cement(水泥土),bituminous(沥青的),surface drainage(地表排水),crown(路冠),shoulder(路肩),open ditches(明沟),storm drainage system(暴雨排水系统),catchbasin(集水井),runoff(径流),duration(持续时间)Ponding(积水),spacing(间距),precipitation(降水量),flow(水流),culvert(涵管),roughness(粗糙度),entrance(入口),

16、downstream(下游),conduit(导管),outlet(出水口)。Rest facilities(休息设施),rest stops(休息站),interstate highways(州际公路),access(入口),noise barriers(隔音墙),subgrade(路基),staking out(放样),award(授予),contract(合同),detailed plan(详细规划),specifications(说明),lay out(布置),indicate(标示),settlement(沉降),vibratory(振动的),maintenance(维护),sign

17、s(路标),guard rails(护栏),traffic striping(交通带),retaining walls(挡土墙),side slopes(边坡),supervising(监督)。Soil mechanics(土力学),laws of mechanics(力学定律),hydraulics(水力学),aggregate(集合),mineral grains(矿物颗粒),organic(有机的),constituents(成份),weathering(风化),three phases(三相),composition(组成),heterogeneity(不均匀性),deposits(沉

18、积土),retaining wall(挡土墙),earth pressure(土压力),equilibrium(平衡),cohesion(粘聚力), plasticity(塑性),sand(砂土),clay(粘土),shearing(受剪的),sliding(滑动),the surface of rupture(破坏面),shearing force(剪力),approximation(近似),cohesive soils(粘性土), Curved surface(曲面),the surface of slip(滑动面)。Consolidation(固结),lag(滞后),settlement

19、(沉降),waterlogged(浸水的),samples(试样),testing on the site(现场试验),testing in the laboratory(室内试验),internal friction(内摩擦角),cohesion(粘聚力),compressibility(可压缩性),elasticity(弹性),permeability(渗透性),capillarity(毛细管作用),moisture(水份),soil particles(土颗粒)。Tamping(夯打),load-bearing strength(承载力),elastic soils(弹性土),expan

20、sible soils(可膨胀土),flexible(柔性的),expand(膨胀),freezing-thawing cycles(冻融循环),wetting-drying cycles(湿干循环),soil grains(土颗粒),plane of free water(自由水面),volume(体积),stability(稳定性),instrument(仪器),stabilometer(稳定计),consolidation(固结),site investigation(场地勘察),survey(调查),visual investigation(肉眼鉴定),elaborate(详细的),s

21、ubsurface(地下的),exploration(勘探),boring(钻孔),laboratory testing(室内测试), Samples(试样),identification(识别),classification(分类),grain size(颗粒大小),liquid limit(液限),plastic limit(塑限)。Topography(地形),geological features(地质特征),outcrop(岩面露头),lake bed(湖床),weathered remnants(风化残积),paleontological maps(地质年代图),aerial ph

22、otographs(航空拍照),well logs(钻井记录),excavation(开挖),geophysical exploration(地质勘探),seismic(地震的),strata(地层),propagation(传播),shock waves(冲击波),bedrock(基岩),reflected wave(反射波),probe rod(探杆),penetration resistance(贯入阻力),water jets(喷水式推进器),augers(螺旋钻),drilling(钻孔),chip(切片),trenches(沟),pits(坑),Pneumatic drilling

23、(气动钻),diamond drilling(金刚钻),boreholes(钻孔),retain(保存),inspection(验收),in-place density(原位密度)。Foundation(基础),multistory(多层的),footing(扩展基础),earth-fill dam(填土坝),pile(桩基础),pile cap(桩台),foundation system(基础体系),reaction(反力),impose(施加),total settlement(总沉降),differential settlement(沉降差),withstand(承受),mat foun

24、dation(筏式基础),slab foundation(板式基础),caisson(沉箱),transfer(传递),superstructure(上部结构),transmit(传递),substructure(下部结构),Spread foundation(扩展基础),reinforced concrete(钢筋混凝土),plain concrete(素混凝土),masonry(砌体),combined footing(联立基础),cantilever footing(悬臂基础),building line(建筑红线),exterior wall(外墙),continuous footin

25、g(连续基础),pile tip(桩尖),wall footing(墙基)。Floor slab(楼板),the groundwater level(地下水位),well points(井点降水),pumping(抽水),deep well(深井),sumps(集水坑),dewater(降水),electroosmosis(电渗降水),cutoff wall(截水墙),grout(水泥浆),periphery(周边),subside(下沉),basement(地下室),the hydrostatic pressures of the water(静水压力),soil backfill(回填土)

26、,uplift(上浮的),anchor(锚固),infiltrating(渗透),joint(连接),encase(包裹),impermeable(不渗透的),membrane(薄膜),coat(涂抹),asphaltic mastic(沥青胶),permeability(渗透性), retaining wall(挡土墙),abutment(墩台),weep hole(泄水孔)。Expansive soil(膨胀土),swell(膨胀),contract(收缩),nonexpansive(非膨胀的),alter(替换),admixture(混合物),lime(石灰),flexibility(柔

27、性),underpinning(托换),remedial(补救的),precautionary(预防的),defect(缺陷),settle(下沉),beneath(下面),confined(狭窄的),pit(坑),sheeting(挡板),caving(坍塌),stratum(地层),form(模板),continuous wall(连续墙),intermittent(间断的)。Construction engineering(施工工程),scheduling(安排工期),delay(延误),allot(分配),contractor(承包商),fabrication(安装),inspect(

28、检查),formwork(模板),cofferdam(围护)。Progress control(进度控制),cost control(成本控制),unit cost(单位成本),budget(预算),periodically(周期性地),payroll(工资),allocation(分配),overrun(超支),labor costs(人工费),supervision(监管),earthmoving(运土),foundation treatment(地基处理),erection(安装),concrete placement(砼浇注),asphalt paving(沥青铺面),electric

29、al(电力的),mechanical(机械的),installation(安装),dismantled(拆除)。Elevation(标高),topsoil(表层土),landscape(景观),contamination(污染),blasting(爆破),fragment(粉碎),explosive(炸药),defect(缺陷),strengthen(加强),cavity(洞穴),fissure(裂隙),fault(断层),grouting(灌浆),injection(注入),fluid(流体),solidify(固化),precipitating(掺入),assembly(安装),rivet

30、ing(铆接),bolting(栓接),welding(焊接),anchorage(锚锭)。Forming(支模),curing(养护),bracing(支撑),slip-forming(滑模),lift(提升),rod(杆),embed(埋设),aggregate(骨料),crusher(破碎机),screen(粗筛),paving(铺设),contraction joint(收缩缝),roadbed(路基)。Building materials(建筑材料),physical properties(物理性质),permanently(永久地),deform(变形),stretch(伸长),bend(弯曲),elasticity(弹性),brittle(脆性的),plastic(塑性的),yield strength(屈服强度),fracture(断裂),ultimate strength(极限强度),stiffness(刚度),elastic modulus(弹性模量),masonry(砌体),bonding agent(粘合剂),cement mortar(水泥浆),bricks of burnt clay(烧结粘土砖),slate(页岩),concrete block(砼块),ultimate com

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