高中英语时态总结Word文件下载.doc

1、-Do you like the material?你喜欢这块料子吗？-Yes, it feels very soft.是的，这块料子手感很柔软。（2）一般现在时表示主语的性格、特征、能力等。He works hard .他工作很努力Does he like sports? 他爱好运动吗？She loves music.她喜欢音乐。（3）一般现在时表示客观事实或普遍真理，也用在格言中。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。Actions speak louder than words.百说不如一干。Water boils at 100.水在摄氏100度时沸腾。注意

2、：主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，但宾语从句中如果所说的是客观真理，它的谓语动词仍用一般现在时。Galileo insisted that the earth goes around the sun.伽利略坚持认为地球绕着太阳转。（4）在时间、条件、比较等状语从句中表将来的动作从句一般由when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, though, till, until, unless, so long as, where, whatever, whenever等引导。The volleyb

3、all match will be put off if it rains. 如果下雨，排球赛将推迟。The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as he arrives. 新秘书一到就应该找经理报到。Ill begin the dictation when you are ready.如果你们准备好，我就开始听写。When they leave school, they will go to college.中学毕业后，他们去上大学。（5）表示安排或计划好的将来的动作，只限少数几个动词：go, come, l

4、eave, start等。The train starts at 10 o clock in the morning.火车在上午10点发车。Supper is at 5 today.今天五点开晚饭。The summer holidays begin next week.暑假从下周开始。（6）一般现在时描述过去时间的事实 这种用法多见于叙述代或口述往事，以增加描述的生动和真实感。The story describes how Walt Disney starts a company.这篇代章描述了沃尔特迪斯尼如何创办公司的情况。He says the river rises higher and

5、 higher, breaks the bank and is filling all low places.他说河水越涨越高，漫过河岸，淹没低洼地。（7） 在新闻标题、小说和电影以及戏剧情节介绍、幻灯和图片的说明中常用一般现在时U.S. President holds talks with British Prime Minister. 美国总统同英国首相举行会谈。American Ambassador Leaves Beijing.美国大使离京。 二、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态，常和表示过去的时间连用，yesterday, last night, in 1990,

6、 two days ago等。也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness grew. 整个早上，当她等待医生的医学报告时，她神经越来越紧张。I got up at 6:30 yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。He always went to work by bus last year.去年他总是坐公交车上班。-Nancy is not coming tonight. 南希今晚不来了

7、-But she promised! 但是她曾经答应要来的。2、一般过去时的构成一般过去时由规则动词（-ed/-d）或不规则动词的过去时表示，除be外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。各种动词的否定结构和一般疑问结构，与一般现在时的否定结构和疑问结构相同。规则动词的构成变化详见上一章动词的过去时形式部分。Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon returned to his old ways. 老麦克唐纳戒了一段时间烟，但不久又重蹈覆辙。She suddenly fell ill yesterday.她昨天突然病倒了。-We could

8、 have walked to the station, it was so near.我们该步行到车站，这么近。-Yes. A taxi wasnt at all necessary. 是的，出租车一点也没必要。3、一般过去时的用法（1）表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态常有明确的时间状语，如yesterday，last night, some years ago，in1890等，以及由when等引导的时间状语从句。Tom didnt come to class yesterday.汤姆昨天没来上课。We went to dance last night.昨晚我们去跳舞了。-Hell

9、o! I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here? 喂!我不知道你在伦敦。你来多久了？-Your phone number again? I dint quite catch it. 请你再把电话号码说一遍好吗？我刚才没听清楚。-It is 9568442. 9568442。-Oh, its you! I dint recognize you.哇，是你呀！我没认出你来。-Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.我刚理了发，而且我还带着新眼睛。-You

10、havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? 布伦达，你还没说我的新上衣怎么样呢，喜欢吗？-Im sorry I didnt say anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you.对不起，我还没顾上。我认为穿在你身上当然好看。（2）表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作常与often，usually，seldom等表示频度的副词连用。When I was in the countryside, I often called on my old f

11、riends there.我在乡村里，经常去拜访那里的朋友。I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school.我上学时每周去看一场电影。表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，还可用used to 或would加动词原形表示。When I stayed at Aunt Lius ,she would tell me about the great changes which had taken place in the village since liberation.当我住在刘大娘家时，她常常告诉我解放以来农村发生的巨大变化。She used

12、to go for a walk after supper, but now she prefers to stay at home.她过去晚饭后总出去散步，但现在她却喜欢呆在家里。（3）用来代替过去将来时在条件、时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。They said they would let us know if they heard any news about him.他们说如果听到什么关于他的消息，就通知我们。He promised that when he went to the bookstore, he would buy me a book.他答应去书店时为我买本

13、书。He said he would not go if it rained.他说如果天下雨就不去了。They told us that they would not leave until she came back.他们告诉我们，直到她回来他们才会离开。（4）表示现在将来的时间在日常会话中，用一般过去时比用一般现在时较为婉转客气。能这样用的动词有：hope, wonder, want, think, intend等。Did you want to see me now? 现在你就想见我吗？I wondered if you would help me.我想你是否能帮我一下。What did

14、 you want?你要什么？（语气委婉）What do you want? 你要什么？（语气生硬）（5）表示某种感情色彩You asked for it!你这是自找的！I told you so.我早就告诉过你。（你就是不听）（6）表示虚拟语气这一用法只适用于某些特定的句型，表示现在或将来的非真实、主观意图或愿望。If only I had a better memory.要是我的记忆力好一点就好了。If it snowed tomorrow, the match would be put off.要是明天下雪，比赛就会延期举行 三、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状

15、态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next week, next year等。Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will stay fresh for several days.为什么不把肉放在冰箱里？它可以保鲜好几天。ve left the light on. 你忘了关灯了。- Oh , so I have. Ill go and turn it off. 噢，那我马上去关。2、构成一般将来时由“助动词will/shall+动词原形”构成。will用于第二、三人称，shall第一人称。在口语中，will在名词或代词后常

16、缩写为ll，will not简缩为wontwount。但在美国英语中，各种人称皆可用will。He will help his sister with her lessons.他将帮助他妹妹做功课。We wont be free this afternoon.今天下午我们没空。3、一般将来时的用法（1）表示未来的动作或存在状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a month, in the future等。We shall leave for London next Monday.我们将在下周一去伦敦。He will come to

17、 see you the day after tomorrow.后天他要来看你。You will be 20 next year.明年你就二十了。（2）表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性动作We shall come and work in this factory every year.我们将每年来这工厂参加劳动。The students will have five English classes per week this term.本学期学生每周将要上五节英语课。4、一般将来时的其他表达法（1）“be going to+动词原形”表将来 这种结构表示打算、计划、决定要做的事或肯定要发生的事

18、。What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么？They are going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。 还可表示说话人根据已有的事实或迹象，认为某事即将发生、肯定会发生或可能出现的情况。I think Im going to die. 我想我要死了。（现在生命垂危）Look at the cloud. Its going to rain.瞧那乌云，天要下雨了。（乌云密布，使我断定天要下雨）The ice is going to break.冰就要破了。这种结构表示“肯定、预测，注定

19、会”。在这种情况下可以和“think, hope, want, believe, like”等表示静态的动词连用。He failed in the exam; he knew he was going to when he looked at the test paper.他没考及格，他一看试卷就知道考不及格。The question is going to be very complex.这个问题将会很复杂。The voters arent going to like him.选民们不会喜欢他的。be going to 和will的区别a. will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事

20、，不含任何具体的时间，可以指遥远的将来；而be going to 指有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生，通常指很快就要发生的事情。Listen to the wind. We are going to have a rough crossing.听那风声，我们横渡时一定困难很大。She will not shove the heavy load onto others.她不愿意把重担推给别人。He will get better.他的病会好的。（即认为最终会恢复健康，而不是马上恢复）He is gong to get better.他的病就会好了。（指有恢复的迹象）b. be gong to 和

21、will均可表示意图，但事先考虑过的意图用be going to，不是事先考虑过的意图用will。-Why have you torn the paper into pieces?你怎么把论代撕了？- I am going to rewrite it.（事先考虑，不用will）我要重写。-Is it really a big stone?-I will help you to move it.（未经事先考虑，不用be going to ）He will go his own way.他一意孤行。I wont do so.我不愿这样做。c. be going to可以用在条件状语从句中表示将来，

22、而will不能。If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now.如果你要去参加这个会，你最好现在走。（不用will）If you are going to accept the job, start to work now.如果你想接受这项工作，从现在开始上班。（2）用现在进行时来表示将来现在进行时表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come , go , leave, start ,move, arrive等，还有join, play, eat, work, return, take,

23、 wear, stay, sleep, meet等。常与表示将来的时间状语连用。m leaving for Tibet on Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。When are you going back to your factory? 你什么时候回工厂？He is not coming.他不来了。They are arriving tomorrow afternoon.他们明天下午到达。进行时表示将来与be going to 的区别be going to表示说话前事先考虑过的意图（intend），现在进行时表示事先安排的动作（plan）；表示有迹象表明某事即将发生或肯定发生用be goin

24、g to，不用现在进行时。Mary and Jane are going to meet tonight.（have an intention to）Mary and Jane are meeting tonight.（ 事先安排的动作）I feel dizzy, I think I am going to faint.（不能用I fainting）我感到头晕，我想我要昏倒。（3）“be about to+动词原形”表将来“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。The English evening is about to s

25、tart.英语晚会即将开始。They are about to set out.（不能说，They are about to set out soon） 他们就要出发。The ship is about to sail.轮船马上就要启航。比较：be about to 与be not about to 的差异be about to 意为“正要、马上就”；be not about to 意为“不愿意”。He is about to come out. Please wait a moment.他马上就出来，请稍等。He is not about to do that again.他不愿再做那件事了

26、。（4）“be to+动词原形”表将来 “be to+动词原形”表示约定的、计划中的或按职责、义务要求要发生的动作，这种动作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意见。Theres to be a slide show this afternoon.今天下午要放幻灯。You are to hand in your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。If a man is to succeed, he must work as hard as he can.一个人要想成功，他就必须拼命干。（5） 一般现在时表示将来用一般现在时表示根据规定预计要发生、安排或计划好的将来的

27、动作。这一结构常用于表示位置转移的动词，如come, go, leave, start, begin, sail, return, stop, end, open, stay等。The plane starts at 8 oclock in the morning.飞机上午8点起飞。When does the show begin?展览什么时候开始？ 四、过去将来时过去时将来时是对于过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句中。We were all surprised when he made it clear that he would leave office soon

28、.他宣布不久离职的消息让我们都大吃一惊。At that time I knew we should succeed.那时我知道我们会成功的。过去将来时一般由 “助动词would（第二、三人称）/should（第一人称）+动词原形”构成。不论什么人称，美国英语皆可用would。I thought they would come to help me.我认为他们会来帮我的。He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.他说他要在车站等我们。3、过去将来时的用法（1）表示从过去某一时间点而言将要发生的动作或存在状态She hoped that they would meet again someday.她希望将来有一天他们能再见面。They said it would be fine.听说天气会很好。He said he would come.他说他要来。M