解放军理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲及样卷附答案.docx

1、解放军理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲及样卷附答案招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试 英语考试大纲 解放军理工大学研究生招生办公室编目 录一、考试大纲 - 3 -（一）评价标准 - 3 -（二）试卷结构与考试内容 - 4 -（三）答题和计分 - 6 -二、附录 - 7 -（一）博士生入学考试英语样卷及参考答案 - 7 -一、考试大纲解放军理工大学博士研究生入学考试英语考试大纲是专为本校招收博士研究生而设置的，其目的为帮助考生更好地准备博士生英语入学考试，考核已修完硕士研究生英语学位课程的考生是否达到教学各项要求及其英语实际应用能力。教育部硕士、博士研究生英语教学大纲规定，“博士研究生入学时，

2、其英语水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士研究生毕业时的英语水平，以适应博士生阶段学习及研究工作的需要。”本考试难度高于研究生入学英语考试。（一）评价标准考生应掌握下列语言知识与技能：1. 语言知识（1）语法知识考生应能熟练地运用英语基本语法知识。（2）词汇知识考生通过复习所掌握的英语词汇应达到大学英语课程教学要求中更高要求层次所推荐的7600左右的英语单词和1800个常用词组。（3）语篇知识考生应掌握英语语篇基本知识并具备在语篇水平上理解和表达英语的能力。2. 语言技能（1）阅读能力能读懂有一定难度的一般性英语文章，理解其意义，能借助词典阅读英语原版教材和英语国家报刊杂志上的文章，能比较顺利地阅读所

3、学专业的综述性文献。（2）翻译能力能将一定难度的科普性英语文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意，译速为每小时400-450英语单词。能将一般性或科普性汉语文字材料译成英语，译文达意，无重大语言错误，译速为每小时350400汉字。（3）写作能力熟练地运用基本写作技能，能按要求在半小时内写出200词左右的短文，正确表达思想，无重大语言错误，基本符合英语表达习惯。能在阅读有关专业文章时写摘要，文理基本通顺，表达意思清楚，语言规范。（二）试卷结构与考试内容 本考试包括五个部分：阅读理解(占45%)、完形填空(占10%)、阅读与回答问题(占10%)、翻译(占20%)、写作(占15%)。第一部分 阅读理解（P

4、art I Reading Comprehension）主要测试考生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定速度。共30题，考试时间为60分钟。要求考生阅读6篇文章，每篇文章后有4-6个问题。考生应根据文章内容从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。此部分总阅读量（不包括题目及选择项）为1500-1800 词。主要测试下述能力：1. 掌握所读材料的中心思想、主要内容和细节；2. 对所读材料的内容进行一定的判断和推理；3. 理解某些词和句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系；4. 领会作者的观点和判断作者的态度。第二部分 完形填空（Part II Cloze Test）主要测试考生语篇水平上

5、的理解能力和语言实际应用能力。测试内容涉及句型、结构，词汇、短语和搭配等。共20题，考试时间为20分钟。测试的形式是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约200-250词）中留有20个空白，每个空白为一题，要求考生根据文章内容从每题所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。第三部分 阅读与回答问题（Part III Short Answer Questions）主要测试学生阅读理解文章和书面回答问题的能力。既要求考生掌握文章中心大意，领会作者的观点和态度，又要求有分析、推理、判断和综合概括能力。考试时间为25分钟。要求阅读一篇300词左右的文章，然后回答5个问题。第四部分 翻译（Part IV Tran

6、slation）主要测试考生英汉互译能力。共2题，考试时间为40分钟。本部分共有二节。A节（Section A）：英译汉：内容为科学常识性的文章。要求译文忠实原文，表达正确。考试时间为20分钟。这一节考试内容为总量150词左右的英语短文。B节（Section B）：汉译英：内容为科学常识性的短文。要求译文忠实原文，表达正确。无重大语言错误。考试时间为20分钟。这一节考试内容为总量140个左右汉字的短文。第五部分 写作（Part V Writing）主要测试考生用英语书面表达思想的能力。要求考生按照要求写出一篇内容切题、意义连贯、无重大语言错误、约200词的短文。考试时间为35分钟。（三）答题和

7、计分本考试分试卷一和试卷二。试卷一（Part I和Part II）为多项选择题，要求考生从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，多选作废。多项选择题按答对的题数计分。试卷二（Part III、Part IV和Part V）为主观题，要求考生用钢笔或圆珠笔把简答题答案、翻译和作文直接写在答题纸上。主观题按统一规定的评分标准评分。试卷的题型、题数、计分、比重和考试时间列表如下：卷别序号题号各部分名称题型题数计分比重考试时间（分钟）试卷一I1-30阅读理解客观题304545%60II31-50完型填空客观题201010%20试卷二III51-55回答问题主观题51010%25IV翻译主

8、观题22020%40V写作主观题11515%35合计58100100%180二、附录（一）博士生入学考试英语样卷及参考答案Part I Reading Comprehension (60 minutes 45 points)Directions:There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).

9、 Decide on the best choice. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Despite the fact that today viruses are known to cause cancer in animals and in plants, there exists a great reluctance to accept viruses as being of importance in human cancer Basic biological phenomena generally do not

10、 differ strikingly as one goes from one species to another. It should be recognized that cancer is a biological problem and not a problem that is unique for man。 Cancer originates when a normal cell suddenly becomes a cancer cell which multiplies widely and without apparent restraint. Cancer may ori

11、ginate in many different kinds of cell， but the cancer cell usually continues to carry certain traitsof the cell of origin. The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell may have more than one kind of cause, but there is good reason to consider the relationships that exist between viruses a

12、nd cancer. Since there is no evidence that human cancer，as generally experienced, is infectious, many persons believe that because viruses are infectious agents they cannot possibly be of importance in human cancer. However, viruses can mutate (突变) and examples are known in which a virus that never

13、kills its host can mutate to form a new strain of virus that always kills its host。It does not seem unreasonable to assume that an innocuous (无害的) latent virus might mutate to form a strain that causes cancer Certainly the experimental evidence now available is consistent with the idea that viruses

14、as we know them today, could be the causative agents of most, if not all cancer, including cancer in man.1. According to the passage, which is not true? A) Viruses are known to cause cancer in animals and in plants. B) Many people dont believe that viruses cause human cancer. C) Basic biological phe

15、nomena dont change too much in animals and plants. D) Cancer may originate in certain kinds of cell.2. According to the passage which is true? A) The transformation of a normal cell into a cancer cell has just one reason. B) There is no relationship between viruses and cancers. C)Viruses can mutate

16、in some cases. D)Viruses are not contagious.3. It is possible that viruses causehuman cancer because _ . A) human cancer is infectious B) human cancer has more than one kind of cause C) man is host to many viruses D) viruses can mutate 4. Why do many people believe viruses cannot possibly be of impo

17、rtance in human cancer? A) Because there is no evidence that human cancer is caused the way plants are caused. B) Because they think cancer should be infectious if viruses are of importance in human cancer. C) Because the viruses are innocuous. D) Because the viruses can mutate.5. What is the passag

18、e mainly about? A) Viruses are the causative agents of most cancer in animals, plants, and man. B) How and why viruses mutate. C) Basic biological phenomena in plants animals and man.D) Why the human cancer is notinfectious.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:For thousands of Canadi

19、ans, service is neither make believe nor amusing. It is an aggravating and worsening real life phenomenon that encompasses behavior ranging fromindifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physical violence. Across thecountry, better business bureaus, provincial government consumer help age

20、ncies and media ombudsmen report a lengthening litany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair based Better Business Bureau. “I found that some businesses are less and less inclined to want to resolve complaints.” Experts say there are several explanations for ill feeling in the mark

21、et place. One is that customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers responded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as1800 number and voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placing more emphasis on getting customers than on

22、keeping them. Still another is that strident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them even less hospitable especially (and ironically) at busier limes of year like Christmas. On both sides, simple courtesy has gone by the board. And a multitude of consumers, service went on w

23、ith it.The Better Business Bureau gets 250 complaints a week, twice as many as five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now has four. People complainabout being insulted, having their intelligence and integrity questioned, and being threatened, you know. You will be sorry if

24、you complained, Mac-Lean says. “We hear about people being hauled almost bodily-out the door by somebody saying like “I dont have to serve you. Or thisis private property, get out and dont come back!” What can customers do? If the bureaus arbitration process fails to settle a dispute, a customers on

25、ly recourse is to sue in small court.But because of the costs and the time it takes, relatively fewer ever do. However, Mac-Lean has discovered an informal avenue to consumer justice that works well; she goes on TV. Says Mac-Lean: “The best way to hurt bad business is to go to the media and expose t

26、hem.” There is a lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim to generation change. Mac-Lean says many young people regard retailing “as just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job.” Young clerks often lack both knowledge and civility. “What we found,” she says,

27、“is that employers have to train young people in simple manners because that is not being done at home.”One other main reason why service is so lousy is that companies put so much focus on acquiring customers. Its so much more attractive to get a customer than to retain one. Sales representatives ne

28、ver get incentives for keeping customers, but they get fancy commission checks and trips and bonuses for getting new ones.6. From the first paragraph, we know _. A) the whole real life phenomenon is worsening in Canada today B) Better Business Bureau, consumer-help agency and media ombudsmen stand o

29、n the side of the customers C)Canadians are traditionally hostile D) business has difficulties in dealing with the complaints7. To experts opinion, the casualty of ill feeling in Canada marketplace _. A) is brutal competition B) is business ill methods of service C) exists in both customers and busi

30、ness D) courtesy has gone8. If a customer was insulted in Canada, which way is more effective? A) To ask government consumer help agencies for help. B) To sue in small claim court. C) To tell public the business ill manners. D) To quarrel with the business.9. About the ill manners in retailing, whic

31、h of the following reasons is correct? A) Young people are too young to take good care customers in service. B) Young clerks look down upon themselves. C) Employers didnt train them very well. D) Young people want better job and they dont regard the service job as their life-long job.10. Why do companies put so much focus on acquiring customers? A) They are angry with old customers because of their complaints. B) The sales representatives cannot get more benefits on old customers any more. C) Old ones know their production is not good enough. D) Companies can not re