河北省张家口一中高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity 学案 选修8.docx

1、河北省张家口一中高中英语 Unit 1 A land of diversity 学案 选修8河北省张家口一中高二英语 选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversity 学案一、预习词汇1. illustrate vt. 说明，阐明 _ n. 说明，插图，图解2. distinct adj. 清晰的，明显的，明确的 _ n. 差别，区分，卓著3. immigrant n. (从外国移入的)移民 n. 移居入境，移民（行为） _v. (从外国)移入，移居入境，作为移民定居emigrant n. （移居国外或外地区的）移民 n. 移民出境，移居国外 _ v. 移居外国或外地，移居4. m

2、ajority n. 大多数，大半, 成年 n. 少数民族，少数派，未成年 adj. 少数的，少数派的5. adventurer n. 冒险家 n./v. 冒险 adj. 有冒险精神的，大胆开拓的，（事物，方法，思想）新奇的，刺激不断的，惊险的6. despite prep. 尽管；不管 despite= ; (介词) =in spite of the fact that= （连词）7. hardship n. 苦难；困苦 n. 友谊 n. 关系，联系注：-ship构成名词的词缀，表示状态、性质、品质。8. federal adj. 联邦制的，联邦政府的 n. 联邦，联邦政府9. percen

3、tage n. 百分比，百分率（其前不能加具体数字，可加high/low等形容词修饰） n. 百分之, 百分数 （其前往往是具体数字）10. racial adj. 人种的，种族的 n. 人种，种族，竞赛 vi. 竞赛, 比赛和比赛 vt. 使比赛，让参赛 赛狗/马11. applicant n. 申请人 n. 申请，应用 v. 申请，应用12. customs n. 海关，关税，进口税 n. 风俗，习惯 n. 顾客13. socialist n. 社会主义者，社会党人 adj. 社会主义者的 n.社会主义 adj. 社会的，社交的 n. 社会，社交界，社团v. 社交，交际，参加社交活动，使社

4、会化，使合群14. apparent adj. 显而易见的，显然的，表面上的 adv. 显然地，显而易见地 同义词： adj. adv.15. conductor n. (公车)售票员， 列车员，(乐队)指挥， 领导者，管理者v. 管理，指挥，主持，导电 n. 行为，品行16. fascinating adj. 迷人的，吸引人的 adj. 着迷的，被吸引的 n. 魅力，魔力，入迷 v. 入迷，使着迷同义词：attractive adj. n. vt.17. miserable adj. 痛苦的，悲惨的 adv. 不幸地，贫困地，可悲地n. 苦难，痛苦18. mourn v. 哀悼，悼念，表示悲

5、痛 n. 哀痛，服丧19. civil adj. 公民的，国内的，民间的 v. 使文明，教化，变得文明n. 文明，文化 adj. 文明的，有礼貌的20. authority n. 权威，权力 (pl) 当局，官方 v. 批准，认可，授权给adj. 经授权的，经认可的 n. 作者21. reform v. 改革，革新 n. 改革，改良 adj. 改过自新的22. insert vt. 插入，嵌入 n. 插入，嵌入，插入物23. indicate vt. 指出，标示，表明，暗示 n. 指示，指出，迹象24. elect vt. 选择，选举某人，决定做某事 n. 选举，当选，选举权adj. 选举产生

6、的，选任的25. occur vi. 发生，出现 n. 发生，出现，(常用复数)突发事件，偶发事件26. justice n. 正义，公平 adj. 公正的，合理的，正直的27. 一些国家、人、语言表达法国家人语言Italy (意大利)Italian(s)ItalianDemark (丹麦)Dane(s)DanishCambodia(柬埔寨)Cambodian(s)CambodianKorea (韩国，朝鲜)Korean(s)KoreanPakistan (巴基斯坦)Pakistani(s)PakistaniGermany (德国)German(s)GermanSwitzerland (瑞士)

7、Swiss(单复同形)没有瑞士语JapanJapanese(单复同形)JapaneseAmerica/USAAmerican(s)English (Am E)England/UKEnglishman/EnglishmenEnglishwoman/EnglishwomenEnglish (Br E)FranceFrenchman/FrenchmenFrenchwoman/FrenchwomenFrench二、精讲词汇1. majority n. 大多数，多数派, 大半 (反义词 minority)拓展：by/with a majority 以多数，大半be in the/a majority 构

8、成大部分/大多数a majority over sb. 超过对方的票数完成句子：1). on the Englands team, but it greatly disappointed them.大多数人都站在英格兰队的一边，但结果却十分令人失望。(The majority were/was)2). it quite hard to live on the money they earn because prices hike in basic goods. 大多数人发现靠他们挣的钱维持生活很难，因为基本日常生活用品价格飞涨。(The majority of people find)3).

9、He was elected 他以超出对手绝大多数票当选。(by a large majority over his rivals)注意：the majority 作主语，谓语动词单复数都行；the majority of + 复数名词作主语，谓语动词只能用复数形式。练习：1) Among the members of the committee those who favor the proposed changes are(填介词) the majority. (in)2) They had a large majority (介词) the other party at the last

10、 election.(over)3) The majority of people (更喜欢) peace to war. (prefer)4) The majority of the damage (be) easy to repair. (is)2. elect vt. 选择，决定做某事，选举某人 election n. 选举拓展：elect to do sth. 选择或决定去做某事elect sb. (to be/as) 选举某人为辨析：elect: 通过投票选举某人担任某职位choose: 一般意义上的选择select: 指“精心挑选”，即有所淘汰 =pick out 挑选出练习：1)

11、. 我们选他当主席。(We elected him (to be/as) Chairman.)2). He a doctor. 他决定当医生。（elect）(elected to become/be)3). He looked through the suits and (挑选) the cheapest one for me. (selected)4). Cameron the new Prime Minister of the UK.卡梅隆当选为英国新首相。(was elected to be/as)3. percentage n. 百分比，百分率拓展：1). one percentage

12、 point 一个百分点例句：Interest rates are expected to rise利率预计将提高一个百分点。(by one percentage point)2). in percentage terms 按百分比例句：The results were analyzed 结果是按百分比分析的。(in percentage terms)注意：percentage of +名词做主语，谓语动词根据of后的名词定。比如：What percentage of the population is/are overweight?身体超重的人占人口多大的百分比？A high percent

13、age of the female staff are part-time workers.女职员中，兼职工作的人占很高的比例。percent与不可数名词或单数名词连用，谓语动词一般为单数。比如：Ninety percent of the land is cultivated. 90%的土地已耕种。如果是单数集合名词，美国英语动词用单数，英国英语动词用单复数都行。比如：80% of the work force is/are against the strike. 80%的劳力都反对罢工。如果名词是复数，谓语动词用复数。比如：65% of children play computer game

14、s. 65%的孩子玩电脑游戏。练习见世纪金榜P3即境活用4. boom n. (人口、贸易的)繁荣 vi. 处于经济迅速发展的时期当名词使用时：1). boom in sth. (贸易和经济活动的)激增，繁荣a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的剧增Living standards improved rapidly during the post-war boom.在战后那段繁荣昌盛的时期里，生活水平得到了迅速提高。a boom year (for trade, exports, etc.) (贸易、出口等)兴盛的一年2). 风靡期 （通常单数）（某种体育运动、音乐等）突然风靡的

15、时期The only way to satisfy the golf boom was to build more courses.满足这场高尔夫球热的唯一途径是增建球场。当动词使用时：1). （商业，经济）迅速发展，激增，繁荣昌盛By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming.到20世纪80年代时，计算机行业迅速发展。Business is booming！ 生意兴隆！2). 轰鸣，轰响Outside, thunder boomed and crashed. 外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。3). boom (out)以低沉有力的声音说(出)A voi

16、ce boomed out from the darkness. 黑暗中传来了低沉有力的嗓音。“Get out of my sight!” he boomed. “别让我再见到你！”他低沉有力地说。5. occur vi. 想起，想到，发生(=happen); 出现；存在(=exist)拓展：1) sth. occurs to (sb.) 某人想到It occurs to sb. that 某人想到/想起It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到/想起做某事2) 同义表达法：1) sth. strikes sb. 2) sth. comes to sb. 3) It st

17、rikes sb. that练习：The idea _in a dream. 这主意是在他梦里想到的。(occurred to him)_ Dutch soccer team won the champion in the World Cup.他没有想到荷兰队赢得世界杯的冠军。(It didnt occur to him that)辨析：occur=happen: “发生、想到、突然想起” 一般人不作主语，事物作主语。take place: “发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”come about: “发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么. 用于疑问句和否定句。Ho

18、w does it come about that? 为常用句型.break out: “发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病等事件的发生。练习：How did it_that he knew where we were? (come about)他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？The celebration will_on Sunday, rain or shine. (take place)庆祝会定于星期日举行，风雨无阻。The big fire_ in Russia, and the environment got polluted. (broke out)这场大火在俄罗斯发生，环境都被污

19、染了。_to ask for help. 她没想到去寻求帮助。(It didnt occur to her)occurrence n. 1) (C) 发生的事情；存在的事物a common/everyday/frequent/regular occurrence司空见惯的/每天发生的/经常发生的/定期发生的事情2) (U) occurrence (of sth.) 发生；存在；出现a link between the occurrence of skin cancer and the use of computer monitors 皮肤癌的发生与使用电脑显示器之间的联系6. indicate

20、 vt. 指示，标示，指明，表明，暗示 indication n. 指示，象征，预示拓展：indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出某物indicate that 示意，表明as indicates 正如所示练习：Research that eating habits are changing fast.研究显示，饮食习惯正迅速改变。(indicates)Kingston-upon-Thames, , is situated on the bank of the Thames. 泰晤士河畔金斯敦镇，正如其名称所示，位于泰晤士河畔。(as the name indicates)Ther

21、e are clear that the economy is improving.有明显迹象显示经济已经开始好转。(indications)In his letter he he was willing to cooperate.他在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。indicated to us (that)A red sky at night often夜空呈红色往往预示第二天天气晴朗。(indicates fine weather the next day)7. hire vt/n. 租用；雇用拓展：hire out 租出去 hire sth. out (to) 出租某物(给)hire one

22、self out (to sb.) 受雇于(某人)，为(某人)工作on hire (在)出租中 for hire (为)出租练习：The bookshop usually who like to read them.书店通常把书租给喜欢读书的人。(hires its books out to those)After graduation, he the company.毕业后他受雇于这家公司。(hired himself out/was hired out to)The costumes the local theatre. 戏装可向本地剧院租用。(are on hire from)bicyc

23、les , $2 an hour 自行车出租，每小时2美元(for hire)辨析 hire: 指临时或一次性雇用 employ: 指长时间雇用练习：She a nurse for her mother. 她为母亲雇了一位保姆。(hire)She a secretary. 她被聘为秘书。(is employed as)8. reform v.1) 改革，改良The law needs to be 法律需要进行改革。(reformed)2). 使改正，改造(行为)，使悔改She thought she could him. 她觉得她可以使他洗心革面。(reform)n. (U,C) 变革，改良，

24、改善economic reform 经济改革 the reform of the educational system教育体制的改革reforms in education 教育改革far-reaching/major/sweeping reforms 意义深远的/重大的/彻底的变革adj. reformed 改过自新的 a reformed character/alcoholic 改过自新的人/酒鬼9. grasp v.1) 抓紧，抓牢Kay grasped him by the wrist. Kay紧紧抓住他的手腕。2). 理解，领悟，明白They failed to 他们没有理解他的话的

25、重要性。(grasp the importance of his words)She was unable to 她弄不明白这事该怎么做。(grasp how to do it.)拓展：grasp a chance/an opportunity 毫不犹豫地抓住机会，急忙抓住grasp the nettle 果断处理棘手问题grasp at sth. 尽力抓住某物，抓住机会练习：She as he rushed past her.他从她身边冲过去时，她使劲抓住了他的上衣。(grasped at his coat)TomTom毫不犹豫地抓住出国工作的机会。(grasped the opportun

26、ity to work abroad)n. (通常单数)1) 紧抓，紧握，控制She felt on her arm. 她感到手臂被人紧紧地抓住了。(a firm grasp)Dont let the situation escape from . 别让局面失去控制。(your grasp)2) 理解力，领会， 能力所及have a good grasp of 对理解很好，很好地领悟He German grammar.他的德语语法掌握得很好。(has a good grasp of)beyond the grasp of 不能理解, 超出的领悟力The complicated problems

27、 are the child. 这些复杂的问题超出这个孩子的理解力。/这个孩子不能理解这些复杂的问题。(beyond the grasp of)within ones grasp 某人力所能及，在某人掌控之中Success was 她有把握获得成功。(within her grasp)三、重点短语 （其它词组见世纪金榜）back to back 背靠背拓展：hand in hand 手拉手，携手并进arm in arm 手挽手shoulder to/by shoulder 肩并肩，齐心协力地side by side 齐头并进，肩并肩head to head 头对头，交头接耳地，eye to e

28、ye 对视，心有灵犀，四目相对neck and neck 并驾齐驱地face to face 面对面地四、重点句型1. It is likely that 很有可能.Sb./Sth. be likely to do 某人/事有可能做某事.相似句型：It is possible (for sb.) to do sh. （possible不用人作主语）It is possible that.It is probable that (probable 不用人作主语，只用于此句型)练习： they will be caught in the storm. 他们很有可能遇到暴风雨。(It is like

29、ly that)He win. 他很有可能赢。(is likely to)Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (A)A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure2. It is believed/said/expected/supposed/thought/reported/knownthatAs is known/said/expected/supposed/thought/reported, .What is known/said/expected/supposed/thought/reported is that.练习： is often said that in war, the winner writes the history. (D)A. As B. This C. That D. It