2018新高考英语专题优化讲义（六选四专项)__学生版Word文档格式.docx

1、授课日期及时段2018 年 1 月 6 日 17:30-19:30教学内容一、六选四考察要求概述选句填空（俗称六选四）是 2017 年上海高考英语试卷中启用的题型。根据题目要求，学生需从所给的六个选项中选取四个填入文中的空格处，使文章从内容、语言、结构上都符合逻辑。考生在备考这一部分时,需意识到以下几点：1. 虽然每一小题都要求选择正确的句子填入文中，但在文中不同的地方挖空，考査的能力要求也会有所不同。如果空格处需填入主题句，考査的是对文本或段落的概括能力，如果空格处需填入能使上下文叙述连贯的细节，考査的则是对文章基本内容的理解能力。因此，针对不同的空格，考生需要调整自己的思维方式，选择合适的

2、策略；2. 虽然本部分属于阅读理解这一大题，同样也考查考生的阅读理解能力，但是要注意这一题型与阅读选择题的差异。选择题通过题干告诉考生考点在哪里，考査目标是什么，考生就可以据此选择合适的策略来答题，而则要求考生在理解文章内容和行文逻辑的基础上，自行判断空格处需填入句子的功能，再进一步选择合适的策略来答题。基于以上分析，建议考生在完成这一部分时， 可以采用以下步骤：1.通读全文，对文章内容有整体理解，包括文章的主题、写作的目的、毎一段的大意等;2.阅读空格所在段落，尤其是空格前后句，判断空格处需填入句子的功能，并根据据后句的内容基本确定需填入句子的内容；3.阅读所给的六个句子，从中选择符合文章内

3、容及行文逻辑的句子；4.通读填入句子后的文章，再次确认文章内容、语言、结构上是否符合逻辑。二、英语文章主题句常出现的位置word 版 整理（一）段落主题句文章是由段落构成的。段落是由围绕一个中心思想的一个或几个有逻辑关系的句子组成的。就结构和内容而言，段落是相对完整的，篇章是通过各个段落的中心思想来表现其主题的。一般来讲，一个段落只有一个中心思想，即一个主题。段落中的其他句子都是用来说明、支持和扩展这一主题的。反映整个段 落中心思想的句子叫主题句（Topic Sentence） 。主题句是全段的核心，统帅全段，并且决定着全段的发展 方向。它只提示在本段中要阐述的观点，而不是整篇文章中要说明的问

4、题。 在语言结构上， 主题句往往包括一个中心主题和一个需要在段落中加以发展的核心部分。中心主题指出本段讲的是什么人或什么事物，核心部分则指出本段侧重该人物或该物的某个或某些方面。Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit.这句的中心主题是 praise（赞扬），其段落将围绕着”对人的精神来说.praise （赞扬）就像阳光一样这个思路发展。离开了这个思想，就将意味着偏离主题。一个好的主题句，要立论严谨、清晰明了、合乎逻辑；要全局在胸，内容具体，简明扼要。主题句所限定或概括的内容不外乎有两点：一是有助于读者更好的理解下文。多数段落都是以主题句打头，开门

5、见山，点明主题，然后再展开具体细节。二是总结全段内容，以便给读者更深刻的印象，供托效果，达到高潮。（二）主题句的位置根据表达需要,英语主题句的位置是灵活多变的。一般来讲，主题句可以位于段首、段中、段尾及段前段尾。1、段首主题句。在大多数情况下，主题句位于段首，开门见山，点明主题，其它各句都紧紧围绕着主题句遂步展开。Even when taking our leave it seems we English are vicitims of some strange deficiencies in our valedictory vocabulary. The standard term Good

6、bye is both too formal and too final. It may be just the job for usher ing someone out of your life altogether ; but most leave-takings-for better or worse-are temporary affairs. perhaps in an attempt to escape implications of finality, many people now say （Bye bye instead; others try to make this p

7、articularly nauseating bit of baby-talk more acceptable by shortening it to Bye.2、段中主题句。主题句位于段落中间，这种情况相对较少。Shortly after the war ended, Lincoln was shot while attending a play in a Washington theater. He died within a few hours. The uncontrolled emotional reaction of the nation to his death was almo

8、st unbelievable and demonstrated the deep esteem in which he was held. Newspapers were edged with black; religious leaders gave praise of Lincoln instead of their prepared sermons. His funeral procession in Washington was miles long Lincoins body was taken by train back to his former home in spring

9、field, Illinois, but in all the major cities through which the train passed , the coffin was paraded through streets lined with sorrowful thousands. In the2small towns through which the train passed , bells rang in honor of the dead President. Citizens lit torches a- long the railroad track to show

10、their last respects.3、段尾主题句。主题句放在段落末尾，目的是总结、概括前面展开阐述的问题，以加深印象，供托效果。When we watch a person walk away from us, his image shrinks in size. But since we know that he is not shrinking, we make an unconscious correcting and see him as retaining his true stature. Past experience tells us what his true stat

11、ure is with reject to our own. Any sane and dependable expectation of the future re- quires that he has the same stature when we next encounter him. Our perception is thus a prediction; it embrace the past and the future as well as the present.4、段首段尾主题句。主题句在段首和段尾同时出现。目的是强调这一主题，用以引起读者的注意， 加深印象。Good m

12、anners are important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks ;Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say Hi when they meet; Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women; Japanese men do not. On the surf

13、ace , it appears that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan, and in a way this is true. But in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others an

14、d bad manners not to. It is only way of behaving politely that differs from country to country.5、有时，整个段落并没有代表段落中心思想的主题句，段落主题包含在句子的字里行间这就需要读者 在认真仔细阅读的基础上进行归纳和总结。例如：In 1999 you will sleep later because your job will start later in the morning. Too, machines will do most of your routine work for you. A

15、lso, you will travel to work on a moving sidewalk. Furthermore, you will talk to friends on a picture-phone. Finally, you will take longer vacations in more distant places since transportion will be so much faster and cheaper.通过阅读，我们发现整个段落的每一句，围绕主题从不同方面说明 1999 年人们的日常生活工作将与今天有所不同。所以本段的主题句可以归纳为: Life

16、in 1999 will be different from what it is today.综上所述，英语段落主题句的位置，常见的有以上四种。其中，段首、段尾主题句尤为常见。主题句无 论在什么位置，它都是该段落的核心部分,反映该段的中心思想。其余各句必须紧扣主题，围绕着这一中心思想来展开。三、例题讲解（一）记叙文选自 2017 届普陀区二模A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wifes trip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your hel

17、p to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked diligently all her life.E. “Pay me whenever you like,” said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F. “Dont give it to me all at once,” she said.“Any apples today?” Ef

18、fie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo.On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just then. （1） All pretense （ 借 口 ） of payment was dropped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing s

19、ome gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities.（2） Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investments she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $ 200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always manag

20、ed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. “Here, darling,” I said, “is what I owe you.” （3） “Give it back as I gave it to you-a little at a time.” I think she believed ther

21、e was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.Whenever I saw a fellow human in financial tro

22、uble, I was moved to help him. I cant afford to do this always, but in the ten years since Effies death, I have indirectly repaid my debt to her.（4） At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effies love will go on in hearts that h

23、ave never known her.B. （选自 2017 建平中学期中考试卷）难度系数：中4A. Long car journeys are even less pleasantB. During the day, sleep comes in snatchesC. But nothing can match them for speed and comfortD. You will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledE. You will be utterly exhausted before you are halfway

24、through your journeyF. Also, you are invariably faced with numerous options different airlines offer for similar flights.People travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more tha

25、n a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy, with the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails which soon lures you to sleep. 1 . At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so, ending up almost exhausted when reaching the destination. 2 , fo

26、r it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but with much time spent on roads, few service stations available and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer numerous civilized comforts. You can relax on decks, play ga

27、mes, meet interesting people and enjoy good food particularly when the sea is calm. If it is not, you are likely to get seasick. Whatever the case, sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.Aeroplanes have the re

28、putation of being dangerous and even well-experienced travelers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. 3 . Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not ha

29、ve to devise ways of taking your mind off your journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne, yet without missing an unusual and breathtaking view of the world .You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You real

30、ly see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from the view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in the clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading

31、or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain: “ 4 .” You will never have to spend the next the few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.六选四做题技巧指导1. 利用词汇复现或同义词解题重复词汇是指关键词以同一形式或不同的词性在文章中反复出现，达到紧扣主题的目的。找到含有与关键词相同或最接近的单词的选项，然后再来验证句意内容是否通顺。从而达到快而准的效果。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。例 1：People think so much of them that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you willfind the figure of a conqueror or a general. 67 A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being ci