专题09 阅读技巧主旨大意题推理判断题解析版Word文档格式.docx

1、（1）留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。（2）注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。段落的主题通常由被称为主题句（Topic Sentence）的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:介绍段落的主题（

2、Topic）;阐述控制概念（Controlling Idea）,控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。主题句通常是段落的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在段落中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章（如科普类文章）的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。主题句位于段首主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%90%的主题句是段落的第一句。a.寻找主题句有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important

3、example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的for example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个for example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。b.选择答案先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如

4、支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。主题句位于段末主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。主题句位于段落的中间主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。推理判断题推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这

5、种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。2.推理判断题主要的设问方式It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that.Which of the following conclusions can be drawn according to the passage?The writer suggests that.Th

6、e writer uses the example of.to show that.Whats the writers attitude toward.?Whats the writers purpose of writing the passage?From the passage,we know.The writer probably agrees that.3.推理判断题的解题技巧中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成

7、较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:（1）特别留心特定细节所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实。它一般包括事实根据、名字（人物或地点）、数字（日期或统计数字）、关键词语的其他表达方法（同义词、近义词、反义词）等。（2）注意作者的语气和态度作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感情色彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度（肯定或否定,赞成或反对,褒扬或讽刺,喜好或厌恶等）;从句式

8、的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气（郑重其事还是轻松活泼,实事求是还是夸大其词,真挚热诚还是冷嘲热讽等）。 真题训练一Hundreds of years ago, no dandelions（蒲公英）grew in North America. Then people came from Europe. They had dandelion seeds on their clothes. The seeds fell from their clothes onto the ground. Since then, dandelions have spread all over.Most p

9、eople believe that dandelions are weeds. They do not want them in their gardens. But some people think that dandelion flowers are pretty. And others think that dandelions taste good. They cook dandelion leaves or put them into a fresh salad. The leaves must be picked before the flowers come out or t

10、hey will not taste good. Some people make dandelion flowers into wine.Dandelions do not die easily. If the winter is not very cold, their leaves may stay green. When the spring arrives, their flowers come out. Each night their bright yellow flowers close up. When the sun shines the next day, they op

11、en up again. Dandelion flowers are very unusual. They do not have to get pollen（花粉）from another dandelion flower in order to form seeds. So after several days, the yellow flower turns white and soft. A tiny brown seed forms at the bottom of each white petal（花瓣）. When the wind blows, the petals float

12、 away. Each white petal carries a seed away. This lets the dandelions spread their seeds all over. New dandelions grow where the seeds land.1.The underlined word “weeds” means .A.pretty flowers B.fresh vegetablesC.wild plants D.green trees2.When is the best time to pick dandelion leaves to eat?A.Aft

13、er their flowers come out.B.After their flowers turn white.C.Before their flowers come out.D.Before their flowers close up.3.What is the best title for this passage?A.The History of DandelionsB.Dandelions:Flowers or FoodC.The Use of DandelionsD.How to Grow Dandelions1.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。pretty flowers美丽

14、的花;fresh vegetables新鲜的蔬菜;wild plants野生植物;green trees绿树。根据下文They do not want them in their gardens.可推断出,不希望出现在自己花园的应该是野草。故选C项。2. 【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。由第二段倒数第二句The leaves must be picked before the flowers come out.可知,采蒲公英叶子吃的最佳时机是在蒲公英开花之前。3. 【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了蒲公英的来历,但只是作为一个引子,不是全文的重点;第二段讲了蒲公英的用途,即可用来当食

15、物吃等;第三段主要讲蒲公英开花。由此作者把第二、三段结合起来抛出了这样一个话题:蒲公英是花还是食物?把其作为标题,既突出了文章内容,又吸引眼球。故选B项。二Tea is an important part of Chinese tradition. Tea has a very close relationship with Chinese culture.It is said that Chinese tea was discovered by King Shen Nong. People say that he lived 5,000 years ago. One summer day,w

16、hile he was visiting a faraway part of his country, he felt very thirsty. The servants began to make water hot enough for him to drink. Dried leaves from a near plant fell into the water. The king drank some,and found it could make him feel less tired. Also as a scientist,Shen Nong was interested in

17、 the new drink. And so,tea was created in 2737 BC.Drinking tea has many advantages. It makes people feel less tired,clears heat inside the human body and helps people lose weight. As you add a cup of tea to your daily life,please check the following helpful advice.Drink it hot. Tea oxidizes（氧化）quick

18、ly,so it is suggested that you drink it hot.Do not drink too much strong tea. It will probably be harmful to your stomach and make you feel sick if you make the tea too strong.The best time to drink tea is between meals. It may not make you have a strong wish to eat when your stomach is full.Do not

19、drink with medicine. It may change the medical result. You can drink tea two hours after you take medicine.Green tea is the best choice for office workers. Why? Because green tea helps stop the bad result of the computer.1.Paragraph 2 is mainly about.A.when King Shen Nong livedB.where Chinese tea wa

20、s createdC.how Chinese tea was discoveredD.why King Shen Nong drank tea2.Drinking tea has lots of advantages EXCEPT.A.helping you lose weightB.letting you feel less tiredC.having a strong wish for foodD.clearing heat inside your body3.The passage is mainly written to.A.let us know how tea was discov

21、eredB.give some advice on drinking teaC.tell people the history of teaD.advise people to drink green tea【解析】段落大意题。根据第二段的主题句It is said that Chinese tea was discovered by King Shen Nong.可知该段主要介绍了中国的茶是怎样被发现的,所以选C。根据Drinking tea has many advantages.It makes people feel less tired,clears heat inside the

22、human body and helps people lose weight.可知喝茶有很多好处,它能让人感觉不太累,能清除体内的热量,帮助人们减肥,故答案为C。根据As you add a cup of tea to your daily life,please check the following helpful advice.可知本文介绍了喝茶的注意事项,故答案为B。三In Paris,one freezing winter evening,I was having dinner with my friend,Mr.Dupin,the famous detective.We had

23、just finished our meal,when there was a loud knocking at the door.Dupin opened it.There stood Mr.Germain,the chief（警长）of the Paris Police.We welcomed him warmly,for he was an old acquaintance（熟人）whom we hadnt seen for a long time.“I need your assistance.”said Germain.“I met a case （案件）that has been

24、giving me a great deal of trouble.”“It is very simple but very strange.”“Also,please keep this secret.If anyone found out that I told you this,I would certainly lose my job.”“Well,then,”said the Chief,“I have learned that a very important letter has been stolen from the king.We are sure who stole it

25、 and that the letter is in his house.”“But who would dare do such a thing!”I cried.“The thief,”said Germain softly,“is a man who dares do many dangerous things.He is one of the most powerful and important ministers in the government.He is Minister Danton!”“Have you searched his house?“A lot of times

26、.While Minister Danton was out,a lot of well-trained police officers carefully searched the entire house,room by room.In fact,we examined everything in the house but found nothing.”.A month later,Dupin asked Germain and me to his house.There he took out a letter and handed it to the Chief.We were bo

27、th very surprised.Dupin explained,“I know Minister Danton very well.He could not hide the letter in any of the usual hiding places.I realized that he might have left the letter out in the open,right under everyones nose,where no one would search for it.”“Then I visited him with my dark glasses on to

28、 help me observe（观察）better.While we were chatting,a dirty,torn letter in the letter holder suddenly caught my eyesunusual for the Minister,who is careful and neat.”“I was sure it was the letter.”“Then I purposely left my gloves behind so I could come back again.”“The next morning,I hired a man to fi

29、re a gun on the street.While the Minister went to see what happened,I stole the letter by replacing it with a similar one.”On it Dupin wrote these words:Your plan was good,but mine was better.As you can see,I took the letter.Based on a story by Edgar Allan Poe1.The underlined word“assistance”in the third paragraph probably meanshere.A.hobby B.helpC.habit D.holiday2.Who is the best at solving difficult cases according to the passage?A.The writer. B.Mr.Germain.C.Mr.Dupin. D.Minister Danton.3.Dupin did all the following things to help get the letter back EXCEPT