人教版高中英语必修一语法知识点总结Word下载.docx

1、变化规则（一）陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。人称的变化人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思1. He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.2. He said to me, “Iv left my book in your room.” He told me that he had left his book in my room.时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时

2、过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.The boy said, “Im using a knife.” The boy said that he was using a knife. 注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：He said, “Light travels much faste

3、r than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化thisthat these thosenowthenagobefore/earliertodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforetomorrowthe next/following daythe day after tomorrowIn two days timecomegohere therethe day before yesterdaytwo days before/earlier（二） 祈

4、使句的变化规则如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.” The hostess asked us to sit down.He said, “Dont make so much noise, boys.” He told the boys not to make so much noise.（三）疑问句的变化规则如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变

5、为陈述句语序，句末用句号。一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says. The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.2） 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。“What do you want?” he asked

6、 me. He asked me whatI wantedUnit two English around the world1. be different from 与不同be the same as 与一样2. one another 相互，彼此（=each other）4. at the end of 在结束时5. because of 因为（后接名词或名词性短语） because 因为（后接句子）7. be based on 根据，依据8. at present 目前；当今10. make use of 利用11. a large number of 大量的，很多（作主语，谓语动词用复数

7、）the number of 的数量（作主语，谓语动词用单数）12. in fact = actually= as a matter of fact 事实上13. believe it or not 信不信由你15. be expected to 被期待做某事16. play a part/role in 在起作用17. make lists of列清单18. included 包括（前面接包括的对象）Including包括（后接包括的对象）二、语法-英语中的命令（command）语气和请求（request）语气命令语气：表示直接命令某人做某事，语气比较重，不怎么礼貌，一般用于上级对下级1.

8、“ Look at the example”, the teacher said to us.2. Open the window!请求语气：表示请求某人做某事，语气比较缓和，非常礼貌1. “ Would you like to see my flat?” She asked. 2. Would you please open the window?Unit 3 Travel journal1. travel-泛指旅行journey-指长时间长距离的陆上旅行voyage-指长距离的水上旅行，也可以指乘飞机旅行trip-常指短时间短距离的旅行tour-指周游，巡回旅游，2. prefer to

9、更加喜欢，宁愿 prefer A to B 比起B，更喜欢A prefer doing to doing 比起做，宁愿做 prefer to do rather than do 与其做, 不如4. ever since 自从5. persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事6. be fond of 喜欢7. insist on doing 坚持做某事 insist + that 从句（用should+ V原）8. care about 关心9. change ones mind 改变想法11. make up ones mind to do下定决心做某事 = decide

10、to do = make a decision to do 12. give in 让步，屈服 give up 放弃13. be surprised to 对感到惊奇to ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是14. at last = finally = in the end 最终15. stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事16. as usual 像往常一样17. sothat 如此 以至于So + adj + a/an + n. + that Such + a/an +adj. + n. + that 18. be familiar with 对熟悉（

11、人作主语）be familiar to 为所熟悉（物作主语）二、语法:现在进行时表将来现在进行时表将来，表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，常见的现在进行时表将来的动词有：come/ go / leave/ arrive / travel / take / stay/ do等.1. Im coming. 我就来 2. what are you doing next Sunday ? 你下个星期天做什么？ 3. I hear that you are travelling along Mekong River. 我听说你将沿湄公河旅行 4. Where are you staying at nig

12、ht? 你们晚上待在哪里/Unit four Earthquakes1. right away 立刻，马上（= at once = in no time）2. asleep 睡着的；熟睡地（fall asleep 入睡）sleep 睡；睡眠 sleepy 犯困的3. it seems that/ as if 看来好像 ；似乎4. in ruins 成为废墟5. the number of 的数量（谓语动词用单数）a number of 大量（谓语动词用复数）7. be trapped 被困8. how long 多长时间 how often 多久，指平率 how soon 还要多久（用于将来时

13、当中，用in+时间段回答）9. hundreds of thousands of 成千上万的10. dig out 挖出12. rise （roserisen）- vi, 上升；升起， 无被动语态；Raise（raisedraised）- vt, 举起；筹集；养育13. injure- 常指因意外事故造成的损伤，也可以指感情上名誉上的伤害 例：He was injured in a car accident. harm- 泛指“伤害，损害”，既可以指有生命的，也可以指无生命的1. He was afraid that his fury would harm the child. 2. His

14、business was harmed for some reason. hurt- 既可以指肉体上的伤害，也可以指精神上的伤害1. She hurt her leg when she fell. 2. He felt hurt at your word. wound- 一般指枪伤、刀伤等在战场上受的伤The bullet wounded him in the arm.14. be prepared for = make preparations for 为做准备18. happen to + n./ pron. 遭遇，发生happen to do sth. 偶然；碰巧happen -指偶然发

15、生take place-指事先计划好的事情发生二、语法-定语从句在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。成分：先行词，即被定语从句修饰的名词或代词；关系代词：that，which，who（宾格为whom,所有格为whose）；或者关系副词where，when，why等。关系代词或关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间，起着连接主从句的作用。1. 关系代词that的用法关系代词that在定语从句中既能指人，也能指物；既能做主语，也能做宾语1）A plane is a machine that can fly. （指物，作主语）2）The noodles （that） I cooked were

16、delicious. （指物，作宾语）3）Who is the man that is reading a book over there? （指人，作主语）4）The girl （that） we saw yesterday was Jims sister,（指人，作宾语）2. 关系代词which的用法 关系代词which在定语从句中只能指物，但既可以做宾语也能作主语1）They planted some trees which didnt need much water. （作主语） 2）The fish （which） we bought this morning were not fr

17、esh. （作宾语） 3. 关系代词who，whom的用法关系代词who,whom 只能指人，在定语从句中分别作主语和宾语1）The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.（作主语） 2）The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. （作宾语）、 4. 关系代词whose在的用法 关系代词whose为关系代词who的所有格形式，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物，whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中既可以做主语也可以做宾语。1）This is the scientist whose name

18、is known all over the world. （指人，作主语） 2） The room whose window faces south is mine. （指物，作主语） 3）He has written a book whose name Ive forgotten. （指物，作宾语） 5. 关系副词when的用法 关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语1）Ill never forget the time when （=during which） we worked on the farm. 2） Do you remember the afternoon when （=on

19、 which） we first met three years ago?6. 关系副词where在定语从句中的用法 关系副词where在定语从句中做地点状语1）This is the place where（ =at/ in which） we first met. 2） The hotel where （= in which ） we stayed wasnt very clean.7. 关系副词why在定语从句中的用法 关系副词why在定语从句中作原因状语 例: 1）. I didnt get a pay rise, but this wasnt the reason why（= for

20、 which） I left. 2）. The reason why （=for which） he has late was that he missed the train.Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero一、重点词汇1. selfish 自私的selfless 无私的2. devote oneself to 致力于；献身于3. fight against 对抗，反对 fight for 为 而战6. out of work 失业7. join 加入（组织，俱乐部，成为其中一员） join in 参加（活动） take part in 参加（活动）8.

21、 as + adj +as one can 尽可能 = as + adj. +as possible9. as a matter of fact 事实上（=in fact）10. blow up 爆炸，炸掉11. set up 建立 ; set about 着手，开始做（ set about doing sth.） set off 出发，动身 ; set out 开始，出发（set out to do sth.）12. be sentenced to 被判13. be equal to 与相等；胜任14. be proud of 为感到自豪15. give out 分发 （give off 散

22、发出（气味）16. die for 为而死 die of 死于（自身原因，如疾病） die from 死于（外在原因，如车祸）17. realize ones dream of 实现.的梦想18. only 位于句首时，要主谓倒装Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. Only in this way, can we protect the environment better. 高一英语必修二知识点归纳Unit1 Cultural relics1.in search of 寻找，寻求2.survive vi. 幸存，

23、生还 n. 幸存者 survivor4. belong to属于，5. serve as 担任，充当6.in return 作为回报, 作为回馈7. 定语从句修饰 the way的关系代词可用that / in which / 不填 9. there is no doubt that 毫无疑问10. be worth sth. 值得be （well） worth doing sth.很值得做11. be at war 处于战争状态,交战Unit 2 The Olympic Games1. ancient: 古代的-反义词 present-day 当今的2. compete with/ agai

24、nst sb.和竞争compete in 在中竞争compete for sth. 为而竞争competition n. 比赛4. used to do 过去常常做 be/get used to （doing） sth.习惯于 be used to do 被用来做5. every four years = every fourth year 每四年或每隔四年6. admit+ doing承认做某事be admitted as “被接受成为” 7.for the honor of为了的荣誉in the honor of为庆祝/为纪念 8. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

25、allow doing sth. 允许做某事9. not only but also 不但而且10. “也”as well用在肯定句中，放在句末Unit 3 Computers1. common adj. 普通的，常见的 n. 普通；平民 have nothing/ little/ something/ a lot in common 有共同之处 2. compare with 把与相比较 compare to 把比作 3. “ 多久才” It took/was+一段时间+before It takes /will be+一段时间+before It takes/took sb. someti

26、me to do sth. 花费某人时间去做某事4. work as 担任；以身份而工作5. from then on 从那时起 from now on 从现在起 6. by 介词，“不迟于，到为止” 常用于完成时态。 since+时间点 “自从以来”7. as time goes by 随着时间流逝8. as a result 结果9. so that 如此以致11. alone adj.“单独的”adv. 单独；独自地 （客观）lonely adj.“孤独的”、“偏僻的” （主观）12. as well as “还有”、“不但而且” as well “也”13. be filled wit

27、h = be full of充满；装满 14.in a way 在某种程度上15.make up 编造,补足,化妆16.after all 毕竟17.with the help of 在的帮助下Unit 4 Wildlife Protection1. die out灭亡；逐渐消失2. in peace 和平地；安详地；和睦地3. in danger（of） 在危险中，垂危4. in relief 如释重负5. burst into laughter 突然笑起来6. protect.from 保护不受（危害）7. pay attention to 注意8. come into being 形成；产生9. without mercy 毫不留情地10. respond to 对作出回答Unit 5 Music1. dream of/about （doing） sth. 梦想；幻想2. pretend to do / be 假装做某事3. to be honest 说实话 be honest with sb. 对某人坦白 be honest in sth. 坦白承认4. attache to认为有（重要性、意义）；附上；连接5. form the habit of 养成的习惯7. in cash 用现金，用现钱pay in cash