阜阳师范学院英语专业论文格式模板文档格式.docx

1、the Requirement for the Degree of B.A. in EnglishForeign Languages DepartmentFuyang Teachers College, Anhui ProvinceApril, 2000学 位 论 文英语口语训练中学生心理障碍解析及对策某 某（学号.）指导教师姓名 职 称 讲 师单 位 阜 阳 师 范 学 院 外 语 系专业名称 英语教育 申请学位级别 学士学位授予单位 阜 阳 师 范 学 院2013年5月AbstractThe modern society is characterized by globalization

2、and information; it requires high demand of peoples language communication skills. One of Chinese famous linguists Zhang Zhigong has said that the modernization requires students of accurate, agile, and effective spoken English communication competence. Therefore, the training of students oral Engli

3、sh communicative skill is 21st centurys need to develop and also the requirement, and it is also one of the most important target of English teaching in middle school education.At present, in the procedure of oral English training, many high school students find them face certain kinds of psychologi

4、cal barriers when they use oral English in communication, which becomes the most severe existing problem in oral English teaching. So most English teachers find it difficult to overcome students difficulty as a result of their psychological barriers. Thus the author writes this paper, basing on rela

5、ted psychological knowledge, studies the types and causes of psychological barriers in oral English communication and puts forward some methods and strategies in overcoming them and improving students communicative competence, wishing that this paper could be helpful for oral English teaching. Moreo

6、ver, may this paper remind the professional and amateur who are working on this subject, thus let more people join in this domain research. By doing this, oral English teaching will enter a new era.Key words: oral English; psychological Barrier; countmeasures内 容 摘 要以全球化、信息化为特征的现代社会，对人们的语言交际能力提出了很高的要

7、求。中国著名语言学家张志公教授说“现代化要求学生具有准确、敏捷、有效的口语交际能力。”因此，培养学生口语交际能力是二十一世纪社会发展的需要和要求，也是中学口语教学的重要目标。目前，在我国的英语口语教学中，很多学生都觉得他们在用口语进行英语交流中都存在着一定的心理障碍，如害羞心理、自卑心理和焦虑心理等。许多中学英语教师面对这种情况也一筹莫展。因此，作者写了这篇论文，运用心理学和语言学的有关知识，探讨了中学生心理障碍的类型及成因，提出了克服心理障碍、提高学习者口语交际水平的解决方法和策略，以期待对口语教学有所帮助。此外，也可以提醒所在行业的专业和业余人士，从而让更多的人投入到这个课题的研究上来，进

8、而把我国的口语教学推进一个新纪元。关键词：口语；心理障碍；对策Thesis StatementThe significance of oral English is obvious and the psychological barriers are important factors that prevent students from learning English well. So researches should be done to analyze the causes and provide some countermeasures to solve these problem

9、s.OutlineI. IntroductionII. Psychological barrier and its types A. The definition of Psychological barrierB. Types of Psychological barrier 1. Self-contempt Type2. The Vanity Type3. The Learning-disgusting Type4. The Handicapped Type5. The Difficulty-afraid Type6. The Compatible Type III. The Presen

10、t Situation of Oral English Training in Chinese Middle School IV. Analysis of the Causes that Lead to Psychological barrierA. Subjective Causes1. Intellectual Factors a. Language Factorb. Students Attitudes towards English Studyc. Students Psychological Factord. Students reading, listening and writi

11、ng level2. None-intellectual Factors B. Objective Causes1. Teacher and Teaching Methods2. Cultural Differences3. Environmental factors V. The Countermeasures to Psychological BarriersA. Make Sound Foundation for Learning and Enlarge the Culture BackgroundB. Optimize the Classroom Environment C. Adop

12、t Interactive Teaching ModeD. Use Proper Correction StrategyE. Use Different Strategies to Overcome Psychological BarriersF. Use Ways and Techniques of SpeakingVI. ConclusionNowadays oral English has become a very important communication skill. The problem of how to develop learners communicative co

13、mpetence causes widespread concern among English teachers and educators. And great improvements have been made in this subject. However, there are still problems that hinder learners progress in the training of oral expression. Of all these problems, psychological barrier is one of the most common b

14、ut the most difficult problem to solve. It is really a systematic process to change this situation, but if learners make some deep research on this problem and find out its types and causes of formation and take some corresponding measures to deal with them, the problem will surely be solved.II. Psy

15、chological Barriers and Its Types A. The Definition of Psychological BarrierPsychologically speaking, the main presentation of psychological barriers are pessimism, worries, anxiety, nervousness, loneliness and depression, which are formed when people encounter difficulties or frustrations in their

16、study or life（叶亦乾 3）. To oral English learners, psychological barriers are abnormal phenomena that are formed in the conditions of nervousness, anxiety, shyness, inferiority and lack of self-confidence when doing oral English communications （杜诗春 102）.B. Types of Psychological BarrierDifferent learne

17、rs got different kinds of psychological barriers, and different kinds of psychological barriers have their own different features.As there are few opportunities for students to practice their oral English, some learners are generally poor in oral expression, and they are afraid of making mistakes. T

18、hus, they feel over-nervous and over-anxious during classes. In their spare time, they also feel shamed to talk with others. This type is called trait anxiety. It is mainly determined by the students personality. There is another type called environmental anxiety. This happens because the students a

19、re afraid of teachers blame and sneers from their classmates. There are also students who are seriously lack of self-confidence. They just look down upon themselves, and are silent or stuttering all the way when doing oral practice in class, especially in public places. As a result, they endure too

20、much pressure, which gradually causes serious psychological barriers.2. The Vanity TypeUnder the influence of the traditional Confucianism, students in China pay too much attention to their self-image, and too sensitive to their reputation. They just think that they would loss face if they cannot sp

21、eak fluently and accurately. Thus, they are lack of self-confidence and act very unnatural. Some students just try not to speak English or even do not say anything.Some students just do not want to learn oral English because they think that they will not go abroad. It is no use learning oral English

22、. Some even regard it as a heavy burden, and even feel it is a waste of time in oral English study. Some of them are become disgusted or even repel others learning oral English.Of this type, students are usually blocked in the oral practice when they do not know which words should be chosen or when

23、they encounter new words. Under this circumstance, they cannot find the right way to express themselves. In addition, being not proficient in oral techniques is also of this kind. Some students of this type can not recollect the right words or phrases sometimes, and some of them can never recollect

24、them unless they go and look up them in dictionaries. But most of them would shut their mouths and never speak any more. This gets worse and worse till one day they feel very hard to communicate with others in oral English.5. The Difficulty- afraid TypeSome students just think that they can hardly i

25、mprove their oral skills, so they give it up and never practice oral English both in class and during their spare time. For some students, they feel too oppressive to their study on various kinds of subjects and they always wonder if they can handle the subject or not, so they feel shy when they enc

26、ounter with difficulties. So when they find one topic is a little difficult and cant continue theyll give it up immediately.6. The Compatible TypeStudents of this type generally get two or more psychological barriers in one. They usually feel a huge press psychologically. They feel upset and self-pi

27、ty and are really complex in their minds. They think too much about their demerits and thus are distracted from learning. As days going on, they gradually lose confidence in learning English any more.III. The Present Situation of Oral English Training in Chinese Middle SchoolNowadays, the students i

28、n Chinese middle school are facing different types of psychological barriers. The most severe condition is the “dump English” phenomena. The middle school English teachers often complain about that some students examination marks are high but seldom speak English in class. The researchers also found

29、 that many students do well in exams and good at analysis the sentences structure, however, when ask them to speak in English they even cant speak a simple sentence fluently. As in English communication, some students can make good sentences in their heart but just cant speak it clearly out of their

30、 mouth. Furthermore, when some students come to a formal speech, they speak hem and haw, even trembling in their voices. A small group of students even give up oral English learning. The“ dump English phenomena shows that a good number of students in our country are suffering psychological barriers, that is to say, there are some problems existing in the oral English training. In response, so