托福阅读解题思路分析与方法大全之皇家留学提供Word文档格式.docx

1、还是自然科学，是人物介绍，还是新事物说明，还是新发现的介绍，还是讲历史或者考古学等等。（）。就是文章的每段首末句，文章的最后一句。目的就是理解文章的主题。要注意这个时间加起来（肯定没有秒那么短）大概就是分钟，所以以后改叫秒预览现在你有了大致的主题在脑海中，好了，现在进行第二步. 详略得当的细读原文。Peter反对所谓的快速阅读，我认为文章应该全部读过去，只是在以下几个地方可以加速阅读（）类比的地方：把什么比做什么，重点看被比做的对象，原来的对象略读（我说的略读意思是理解但不分析）（）列举的地方：看一至两个列举项就可以，了解其特征即可，其他部分一扫而过。（）举例的地方：如果看懂了作者的观点，举例

2、可以略读，但是没看懂观点，必须细读例子。（）人名地名：用词首大写字母代替，能区分张三李四，烟台西安就可以。（）同位语：地位并列，看懂一个就可以（当然在对比型的文章中就都要看，这里就体现出了刚才秒预览的作用，在对文章性质的理解基础上，可以很好的取舍，决定对文章阅读的详略） 秒回想在读完每一段的时候，千万不要直接进入下一段，这时候不要看文章，试着在头脑里回想刚才读过的那段在讲什么，再次归纳段主题，并和刚才3+1+1过程中得到的文章主题比较，做出修正。其实这样做是很有道理的，你一定看过老杨的天，它说短期的记忆周期是分钟，所以我们的秒回想其实就是复习，加深了记忆。许多人觉得他们阅读读完了对文章印象一片

3、空白，就是因为没有及时复习。完成上面的步骤，我们就算读完了文章，最后在脑海里把你对文章的认识做一点修改，形成你通过刚才阅读得到的知识体系，下面就是用来做题了。二、 题目类型： 主题题：考文章主题找全文中心句为依据，考段主题找段中心句为依据。界定范围之后首先排除越界的选项（与全文无关，或者与本段无关的，或者其他段里偷换来的，记住在TOEFL阅读里边，它山之石，不可攻本山之玉）之后对剩余选项的范围进行分析，不符合题干范围的全部排除（范围过小的，范围过宽的）然后排除绝对选项，all, almost, only, most , must 看到就要怀疑是否绝对化了。把这些都排除完了，估计答案就出来了，最

4、后把答案和你刚才自己得到的主题对应一下，检查是否正确就可以。 猜词秀（这种题可以说是TOEFL阅读的招牌了）给大家一个口诀：抛开词汇本身，前后各看一句，注意对应关系，分析感情色彩，主动被动区分，选词代入验证。上面的几句差不多就可以概括做猜词题的全部要点了，其实说是猜词，其实很不恰当，因为我们猜的实际上是某一个词在一个句群中所起的修饰，限制，补充作用，所以我们一定要从句群来分析词。所以，遇到一个猜词题，首先确定这个词所处的句群，可能是，句，有时候甚至是整个段。然后我们把主考词所在的那一句孤立出来，看它和前后句子的关系。下面我具体说说句子之间的关系。托福的阅读，甚至是所有的英文阅读，都遵循着一个从

5、主题到细节，从抽象到具体的说理原则，就是不管是文章框架，还是段落框架，都是先罗列主题，再分述，分述的时候也是先列举观点，再阐释细节，必要的时候举例说明。Peter通过分析历年的考试题，发现猜词题的句子一般不是主题句，那么只是细节句或者是分述句那么我们就抛开主题与细节之间的关系，但来看细节句之间的关系其实细节句之间的关系只有两种，同义关系或者是反义关系，同义关系就是：递进，并列，解说，举例，扩展，这些关系实际上前后句说的是一个意思，所以前句的信息可以直接用来为猜词服务而反义关系就是：转折，让步，否定，反例那么只要把前句关系取反，就可以为猜词服务好了吧，到这里我想大家应该掌握了猜词的做法当然，我们

6、还有辅助的分析办法，如果猜词的本身你认识，那么也可以作为你猜词的信息，但是一定要注意，你所知道的意思只是辅助信息，不是主要信息，因为它不具有文章的特性，放到特殊的文章里边就可能和原义有了差别在分析选项的时候，四个词一定要代入原来的句群，看它是否真的和原意群完全吻合，包括动宾搭配，动状搭配，介词搭配，和定语与中心语的搭配 指代题可以完全按照猜词题的办法来做细节题：办法就是找，找到了就成功了一半，这种题关键是一定要把对细节的把握建立在对全文和全局的把握上Except和True or False的题型其实还是搜索，只不过可能有人会觉得找不到，Peter的办法是拿题干核心词和四个选项结合，搜索选项，这

7、样至多三次就可以选出答案Questions 40-50 The cities in the United States have been the most visible sponsors and beneficiaries of projects that place art in public places. （主题！）They have shown exceptional imagination in applying the diverse forms of contemporary art to a wide variety of purposes. The activities

8、observed in a number of “pioneer” cities sponsoring art in public places-a （5 ） broadening exploration of public sites, an increasing awareness among both sponsors and the public of the varieties of contemporary artistic practice, and a growing public enthusiasm-are increasingly characteristic of ci

9、ties across the country. （关注和热情加大）With many cities now undergoing renewed development, opportunities are continuously emerging for the inclusion or art in new or renewed public environments, including buildings, （10）plazas, parks, andtransportation facilities.（新的趋势） The result of these activities is

10、 a group of artworks that reflect the diversity of contemporary art and the varying character and goals of the sponsoring communities. In sculpture, the projects range from a cartoonlike Mermaid in Miami Beach by Roy Lichtenstein to a small forest planted in New York City by Alan Sonfist.（各种的公共艺术） T

11、he use （15） of murals followed quickly upon the use of sculpture and has brought to public sites the work of artists as different as the realist Thomas Hart Benton and the Pop artist Robert Rauschenberg. The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the use of art

12、 in public places: in Memphis, sculptor Richard Hunt has created a monument to Martin Luther King, Jr., who was slain there; in New York, Dan Flavin （20） and Bill Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit facilities. And in numerous cities, art is being raise

13、d as a symbol of the commitment to revitalize urban areas.（art的作用和象征意义） By continuing to sponsor projects involving a growing body of art in public places, cities will certainly enlarge the situations in which the public encounters and grows （25）familiar with the various forms of contemporary art.（熟

14、悉现代艺术） Indeed, cities are providing artists with an opportunity to communicate with a new and broader audience. Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions. They are working in new, often more durable

15、 media, and on an unaccustomed scale.（给艺术家代来新的艺术交流形式）现在我拿本文来展示我的Peter阅读法：秒预览：看到了The cities in the United States（大写字母，地名）New York City（城市）a monument to Martin Luther King（名人）差不多了，Peter确定了是人文科学的文章，又和米国有关，涉及到了一些名人，这就是文章的属性1+1+1：The cities in the United States have been the most visible sponsors and ben

16、eficiaries of projects that place art in public places. The result of these activities is a group of artworks that reflect the diversity of contemporary art and the varying character and goals of the sponsoring communities. In sculpture, the projects range from a cartoonlike Mermaid in Miami Beach b

17、yRoy Lichtenstein to a small forest planted in New York City by Alan Sonfist.And in numerous cities, art is being raised as a symbol of the commitment to revitalize urban areas.By continuing to sponsor projects involving a growing body of art in public places, cities will certainly enlarge the situa

18、tions in which the public encounters and grows They are working in new, often more durablemedia, and on an unaccustomed scale.所以可以看出文章大概可能仿佛似乎好象在说城市对艺术的资助以及艺术在这种环境下的发展以及对城市的影响下面开始读文章读完第一段回想，本段讲了美国城市对公共场所艺术的支持，许多先驱艺术家都参与进来，然后现在许多城市都在建设，这又给了公共场所艺术一个发展的空间读完第二段回想，大概作者是在举具体的例子，谈到了雕塑和各城市里的艺术作品（本段可能会考细节）第三

19、段回想，这里讲公共场所艺术对市民和艺术家的影响好了，大概的框架建立了起来，同时Peter把具体的分析用括号括起来放在文章里现在来看题43. According to the passage, new settings for public art are appearing as a result of （A） communities that are building more art museums （B） artists who are moving to urban areas （C） urban development and renewal （D） an increase in t

20、he number of artists in the United States. 答案C，我选D 解答：看看Peter的第一段的秒回想，城市建设方面，具体句子是With many cities now undergoing renewed development, opportunities are continuously emerging for the inclusion or art in new or renewed public environments, including buildings, （10）plazas, parks, and transportation fa

21、cilities，然后其实后边也有一句对应的：The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the use of art in public places:综合起来我们肯定是选C.49. The word “executing” in line 28 is closest in meaning to （A） judging （B） selling （C） explaining （D） producing 答案是D，我选的C 解答：哈哈，来招牌菜了，我们来分析这个题Indeed,

22、 cities are providing artists with an opportunity to communicate with a new and broader audience. Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions. They are working in new, often more durable media, and on

23、 an unaccustomed scale.好的，OK现在从后句来分析，后句They are working in new, often more durable media, and on an unaccustomed scale和前句是解释关系，也就是同义的，那么我们直接拿来用，They are working 和executing their public commissions对应，好了，去答案里可以直接把producing挑出来了，因为artists的work就是创造，和评判，卖，解释关系不大（其实卖也是artist的工作，但是公共的艺术，在本文和金钱无关）好了，Peter再次赖

24、皮了是不？又没有分析主考词executing，不过既然能选对，不分析这个词不犯法吧，哈哈（这也是红宝书上的词）50. According to paragraph 3, artists who work on public art projects are doing all of the followingEXCEPT：（A） creating artworks that are unusual in size （B） raising funds to sponsor various public projects （C） exposing a large number of people

25、to works of art （D） using new materials that are long-lasting.答案B，我选的D可以用Peter说的定位方法，（A） creating artworks that are unusual in sizeon an unaccustomed scale（B） raising funds to sponsor various public projects（C） exposing a large number of people to works of artrecognizing the distinction between publ

26、ic and private spaces （D） using new materials that are long-lasting. durable 好了，ACD排除了之后，可以选B了其他几篇文章：阅读：Questions 1-9: Europa is the smallest of planet Jupiters four largest moons and the second moon out from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Then came the close-

27、up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within days, Europa was transformed-in our perception, at least-into one of the solar systems （5）most intriguing（我读到这里就认为这个词有很大的嫌疑考猜词） worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the almost total lack of detail, especially from far away. E

28、ven at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinked brown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. （前面看不懂没关系，看到了resembling先大笑三声，大概就是cracks in an eggshell）And this analogy is not far off the mark. The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence of craters indic

29、ates that Europas surface ice resembles Earths Antarctic ice cap（再笑吧，我们现在知道surface 像Earths Antarctic ice cap）. The （10） eggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometers thick -a true shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that , in turn, enca

30、ses a rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the eons by tidal forces generated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel around Jupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat （15） keeps what would otherwi

31、se be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks on Europas icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below. （这里不管你能不能看懂中间，这最后一句打死也要明白，因为它在解释鸡蛋壳上的裂痕Peter估计这里可能会有考题） Soon after Voyager 2s encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images of Europa were obtained, re

32、searchers advanced the startling idea that Europas subsurface ocean might harbor life.（老生常谈了！） Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing a （20 ）vast store of internal heat. Jupiters early heat was produced by the compression of the material forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primal Sun, so the internal hea