实用英汉翻译技巧选讲.docx

1、实用英汉翻译技巧选讲实用英汉翻译技巧选讲Unit OneI.试译下列句子，比较翻译中的感觉和译文的效果：1. He wants a lawyer who understands his case, who sympathizes with him and who has been there himself. 2. World-famous for his works he was never personally well known, for throughout his life he avoided publicity. 3. While you are in the act of s

2、ummoning your energies, focus on a plan. Dont exhaust yourself with fruitless excursions into any and all possibilities. 4. A book may be compared to your neighbor: if it is good, it can not last too long; if bad you can not get rid of it too early. 5. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, Ame

3、rica has given the Negro people a bad check - a check which has come back marked insufficient funds. 6. A friend is someone who draws out your own best qualities, with whom you sparkle and become more of whatever the friendship draws upon.II. 参考译文：1. 他要找一位了解他的案情，同情他的处境，并有过亲身经历的人当他的律师。2. 他的著作举世闻名，而他个

4、人却一直默默无闻，因为他一生始终避免抛头露面。3. 在集中精力的过程中，要集中于一种打算；不要同时涉足各种可能的情况而搞得精疲力竭一事无成。4. 书可以比作邻居：如果是好的，相处愈久愈好；如果是坏的，分手愈早愈好。5. 美国没有履行这种神圣的义务，相反，只是给黑人开了一张空头支票，上面盖了“资金不足”的戳后被退了回来。6. 朋友是能使你表现出自己最佳品质的人，和他在一起你就会精神焕发，并且变得更具有友谊所要求的种种内涵。III、有哪些常用的翻译技巧（一）？【例1】 We should help in ways which are mutually beneficial to both deve

5、loping and developed countries. 我们应以对发展中国家和发达国家双方都有利的方法援助。【译文】 我们的援助方法应对发展中国家和发达国家双方都有利。一、词性转译法：（一）转译成动词：【例2】 For Westerners in China, the establishment of an effective team of managers means attracting - and retaining both expatriate and local management talent. 【译文】 对于在中国的西方人来说，建立一支有效的管理人员队伍意味着要同时

6、吸引并留住来自海外的管理人才和本地的管理人才。1、名词转译成动词：【例3】 The remembrance of these will add zest to his life. 对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。【译文】 回想起这些事情，使他的生活增添了乐趣。【例4】 He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。【译文】 他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。【例5】 Other governmental activities are

7、the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【译文】 其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。 【例6】 The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。【例7】 To my knowledge, some computers hav

8、e gone missing. 【译文】 据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。【例8】 He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him. 他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。【译文】 他善于听取别人意见，所以他们喜欢同他谈心。2、介词、副词转译成动词：【例9】 With a rifle across his shoulder the boy was playing the soldier.【译文】 那男孩肩上扛着枪在装士兵。【例10】 They worked long hours on meager food, in cold

9、caves, by dim lamps.【译文】 他们吃的是简陋的饭菜，住的是寒冷的窑洞，在昏暗的灯光下长时间地工作。【例11】 The street runs westward, across a great bridge, down a hill and up again, by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.【译文】 这条大街向西而去，跨过一座大桥，延伸下坡后又上坡，经过了几家店铺和肉市，又越过了几幢平房

10、，最后在一片开阔的绿草坪前突然到了尽头。【例12】 Training as a salesperson would guarantee her some employment once her schooling was through.【译文】 参加推销员培训就会确保他在学业完成以后能找到工作做。3、形容词转译成动词：【例13】 He must have been aware that his parents marriage was breaking up.【译文】 他一定已经知道父母的婚姻关系正在破裂。【例14】 Our computerized stock control system

11、 is now operative. 【译文】 本公司的库存管理计算机系统现已运行。【例15】 His indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted. 【译文】 他母亲很宠他，他不管想干什么她都愿意让他干。IV、课堂练习（运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子译成流畅通顺的汉语）：1. He who is subject to temptations tends to err. 2. It is the first time that the bigger hydraulic motors have been used in

12、a UK application. 3. Talking with his son, the old man was the forgiver of the young mans past wrong doings. 4. In the event of any conflict between this paragraph and the production acceptance test schedule, the latter shall prevail, 5. He had never been a medical student, yet he was given one of t

13、hose rare honorary degrees of Doctor of Science. 6. There were no sounds but that of the tread of the men and the footsteps of the two shaggy ponies which drew the van. 7. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was a good speaker and student of political philosophy. His ability fin

14、ally made a name for him.8. The interest the United Nations has always shown in this problem, which has been a distinguishing feature of its work since its inception, has increased as the newly independent countries joined its ranks. V、课堂练习参考译文：1. 不能抗拒诱惑的人往往要犯错误。2. 这种大功率液压马达在英国的应用尚属首次。3. 老人在同儿子谈话时宽恕

15、了年轻人过去的种种劣迹。4. 如本节所述内容与生产验收试验规范相冲突，则以试验规范为准。5. 他从来没有上过医学院，但他却获得了理学博士这样难得的荣誉学位。6. 此时只听见沙沙的脚步声和两匹鬃毛蓬松的拉车小马得得的马蹄声，除此之外，万籁俱寂。7. 他利用业余时间攻读法律，后来当了律师。他口才很好，还精通政治哲学。他的才能最终使他出了名。8. 联合国对这一问题始终非常关心，这是它成立以来工作中的一个显著特点。随着一些新独立国家加入联合国的队伍，这种关心更增强了。VI、课外练习（将以下短文译成汉语，注意运用各种翻译技巧使译文流畅通顺）：The relationship many of us hav

16、e with nature is characterized by our attitude toward insects. Ugh! Yuk! Theres a bug. Squash it! It seems that ladybugs and butterflies are the only insects that escape the all-bugs-are-beastly attitude. Hostility and fear are universally the products of ignorance, and our antagonism is no exceptio

17、n. One cannot deny that insects are a nuisance when their bites become sore, and a threat when they transmit disease, but, viewed dispassionately, even noxious insects are beautiful. From having studied their fossilized remains, we know that insects have inhabited the earth for nearly 400 million ye

18、ars. Today we find them abundantly everywhere we look. Insects have been discovered on the snow of the polar caps and the peaks of high mountains. Unit TwoI、课外练习参考译文：我们很多人与自然的关系表现于我们对昆虫的态度。“哎呀！有只虫子，快踩死它！”看来，只有瓢虫和蝴蝶才得以幸免于这种讨厌所有虫子的态度。一切仇视和惧怕都是由于无知，我们对昆虫的敌视态度也不例外。不可否认，昆虫叮咬引起疼痛让人不好受，而且昆虫还会传播疾病；但是，如果冷静地看

19、一看，即使害虫也非常美丽。 我们从昆虫遗骸化石的研究中获知，昆虫在地球上已生存了将近4亿年。今天我们无论在哪里都能看到大量昆虫。在极地的雪原和高山的顶峰都发现过昆虫。 II、有哪些常用的翻译技巧（二）？（二）转译成名词：1、名词派生的动词【例16】 In Greek mythology, love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.【译文】 在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是爱的化身。【例17】 Bright colours and bold strokes characterize his early paintings. 【译文】 他早期绘画的特点

20、是色彩鲜明，笔法粗犷。【例18】 They are already planning to staff the management in the event the joint venture is formed. 【译文】 他们已经在打算合资企业一旦建成后经理部门的人事安排。2、形容词【例19】 He felt responsible for her death. 【译文】 他觉得她的死他有责任。【例20】 Lack of trust is very destructive in a relationship. 【译文】 缺乏信任对人际关系的危害很大。（三）转译成形容词：【例21】 Dil

21、igence and intelligence are of considerable importance to your success. 【译文】 勤奋和才智对于获得成功是颇为重要的。【例22】 I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is out of the question. 【译文】 我有很多工作要做，今年休假是不可能的了。【例23】 Its such a nuisance that Ive got to work on Saturday.【译文】 我星期六还得上班，真讨厌。【例24】 As he was

22、 a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.【译文】 他对这座城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。【例25】 Theres no point arguing about it - just do as youre told.【译文】 争论是没有意义的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。（四）其它词性转译：【例26】 The dominant factor in the growth of the company in question throughout the years has be

23、en its success in maintaining technical superiority in product design and manufacturing techniques. 【译文】 该公司多年来发展壮大的主要因素是一贯成功地保持了产品设计和制造工艺上的技术优势。【例27】 This time-lag is difficult to explain, but there are three possible reasons. 【译文】 这种时滞现象很难解释，但可能有三个原因。【例28】 People would benefit greatly from a pollu

24、tion-free vehicle. 【译文】 无污染车辆会给人们带来很大的好处。二、分句法和合句法：（一）分句法：【例29】 He visited many places, in all of which he was received with the usual enthusiasm which attended his arduous labours.他访问了许多地方，到处受到对他的艰苦努力所一贯表示的热情欢迎。【译文】 他访问了许多地方，到处受到热情的欢迎。他的艰苦努力是一贯受到热请欢迎的。【例30】 Eventually, more as a last hope than with

25、 any real confidence in a result, a sub-committee was formed to try to reconcile differences between them. 最后，对其结果并无真正信心，只是抱有最后一点希望，成立了一个小组委员会，试图调解他们之间的分歧。【译文】 最后成立了一个小组委员会试图调解他们之间的分歧。这只是最后一点希望，对其结果如何并非真有信心。【例31】 Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and shelter for us in an advanced age,

26、 and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old. 【译文】 知识是人到老年时舒适而又必需的精神归宿。如果年轻时不种下知识之树，老年时就得不到树荫的遮蔽。【例32】 He has long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues; now that contempt was no longer cordial. 【译文】 长期以来，他的同僚们虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感；现在，除了看不起之外，亲切感已没有了。【例33】

27、The society dismisses much of accepted modern thinking about the shape of the earth as sheer nonsense. 【译文】 该协会否定现代关于地球形状的公认看法，认为都是一派胡言。III、课堂练习（运用各种翻译技巧，将下列句子译成流畅通顺的汉语）：1. When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. 2. You are free to g

28、o out and see and meet people, and therefore you have control over loneliness; you are not its prisoner. 3. Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightning made us turn apprehensive glances toward the distance. 4. Rich women for the most part keep themselves busy with inn

29、umerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.5. I talked to him with brutal frankness.6. He took a house on a lease of ten years. 7. As I know more of mankind I expect less of them, and am now ready to call a man a good man more easily than formerly. IV、课堂练习参考译文：1. 发现

30、有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要以他的魅力和风趣把这个人争取过来。2. 你可以随意出去走走，去会会别人，所以，你不是孤独的俘虏，你是主人。3. 偶尔下一点毛毛雨，断断续续的闪电使得我们时不时忧虑地朝远处探望。4. 有钱的太太小姐们大多忙于无数鸡毛蒜皮的小事请，而且她们深信这些事情都惊天动地非常重要。5. 我对他讲的话，虽然逆耳，却是忠言。6. 他租了一栋房子，租期为十年。7. 随着我对人类了解越多，我的期望就越低。我现在说人家是好人比过去容易得多了。V、课外练习（将以下短文译成汉语，注意运用各种翻译技巧时译文流畅通顺）：Three types of empty-shell marriages h

31、ave been identified. In a devitalized relationship husband and wife lack excitement or any real interest in their spouse or their marriage. Boredom and apathy characterize this marriage. Yet serious arguments are rare. In a conflict-habituated relationship husband and wife frequently quarrel in priv

32、ate. They may also quarrel in public or put up a facade of being compatible. The relationship is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness. And in a passive-congenial relationship both partners are not happy, but are content with their lives and generally feel adequate. The partners may have some interests in common, but these interests are generally ins