高考英语精选考点专项突破25 完形填空说明文和议论文类文档格式.docx

1、47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows50. A. day B. night C. month D. year51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping

2、D. siting54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy60. A. trying B. wai

3、ting C. watching D. sharing【答案】4145 CDBAB 4650 CCDBA 5155 CADAB 5660 CBDAD【解析】本文属于说明文，讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射，为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候，人们就聚集在广场上，为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。41.C考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅；B. obviously 显然地；C. nearly几乎；D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知，从九月底到三月中旬，差不多半年，故选C。42.D考查

4、动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕；B. believe相信；C. hear听见；D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 , but down in the valley its darker可知，我们看到天空是蓝色的，但是到山谷的时候，就会变得更暗了，故可知，太阳照耀的时候，我们观察得到，故选D。43.B考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的；B. blue蓝色的；C. high搞得；D. wide宽的。根据常识可知，有太阳的时候，天空是蓝色的，故选B。44.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的；B. normal正常的；C. different不

5、同的；D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley its darker可知，到山谷的时候，天变暗了，像阴天一样，故选A。45.B考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助；B. changed改变；C. happened发生；D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知，该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况，故选B。46.C考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑；B. telescopes望远镜；C. mirrors镜子；D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知，从附近的山顶上反射太

6、阳光，故可知，为一枚镜子，故选C。47.C考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得；B. forecasted预报；C. received获得，收到；D. imagined想象。根据句意可知，该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光，故选C。48.D考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理；B. risk风险；C. rest 休息；D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知，获得了冬天的第一缕阳光，是由于反射板投入使用了，故选D。 put sth to use把某物投入使用。49.B考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些镜子由电脑控制

7、，指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动，在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止；B. directs指导，导演；C. predicts预测；D. follows跟随，追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理，电脑控制镜子的移动，故选B。50.A考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天；B. night夜晚；C. month月；D. year年。根据文章可知，太阳光出现在白天，故选A。51.C考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆；B. hall大厅；C. square广场；D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知，镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上，故选C。52

8、.A考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现；B. returned归还；C. faded褪去；D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知，当光照出现的时候，居民出来，故选A。53.D考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶；B. hiding隐藏；C. camping露营；D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知，光照出现的时候，人们会出来活动，坐在那里，站在那里，故选D。54.A考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片，图片；B. notes笔记；C. care照顾；D. hold抓住

9、。根据文章可知，会彼此拍照，故选A。55.B考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的；B. full满的；C. flat平坦的；D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知，差不多全镇的人都在广场上，故可知广场全是人，故选B。56.C考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡；B. avoid避免；C. enjoy喜欢，享受；D. store储存。根据句意可知，并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，故选C。57.B考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替；B. However然而；C. Gradu

10、ally逐渐地；D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。58.D考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的；B. energy-saving节能的；C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的；D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知，小镇差不多半年没有阳光，故可知小镇人们渴望阳光，故选D。59.A考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的；B. clear清晰的；C. cold冷的；D. easy容易的。根据前文可知，镜子反射的光线有限，

11、范围不够大，故选A。60.D考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试；B. waiting 等待；C. watching 观看；D. sharing分享。根据句意可知，大家一起晒太阳就足够了，故选D。2 . （2016上海卷） In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 1 work an

12、d will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 2 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 3 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively,

13、or that decisions must be imposed from 4 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian （专制的） managers.Different cultures have different ways of 5 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-maki

14、ng all members of the department or work group are asked to 6 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 7 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers th

15、an men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 8 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 9 managers first. This empowerment （授权） has been part of the trend towards downsizin

16、g: 10 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 11 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation （委托） much further than has 12 been the case

17、. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 13 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 14 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the

18、 Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 15 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.1. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike 2. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme 3. A. vice v

19、ersa B. for example C. however D. otherwise4. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above 5. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging 6. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply7. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression8. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male 9. A. asking B.

20、training C. warning D. firing 10. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating 11. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared12. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally 13. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure14. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene

21、15. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness【答案】15 DABDC 610 BADAC 1115 BBDAC【解析】本文是说明文，介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论授权管理及其作用。1. D 根据后半句.will do anything to avoid it可知人们本能上不喜欢工作，他们为逃避工作可以做任何事情。故D项正确。2. A to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端。此处是说，无论如何，尽管很多证据与这个理论相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A项

22、正确。3. B 由后面的例子他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给予他们不断的监督可知此处是举例说明。故B项正确。4. D 根据后句可知，此处是说，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项above上面的正确。5. C 根据前段可知本文讨论的是管理学的理论，此处是说，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故C项正确。6. B refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献，导致；object to反对；apply to适用于。此处是说，亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程作出自己的贡献。7. A agreement同意；practice练习，做法；ele

23、ction选举；impression印象。此处是说，亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同协商的基础上的，西方人也想模仿这样的管理方法。8. D 根据前半句.women will become more effective managers than men.可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效，因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。9. A 根据前句. encourage employees to use their own initiative. （鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神），也就是说在作出决定的时候不用先请示上级经理。10. C 根据the trend

24、towards downsizing（缩小规模的趋势）可知，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接作出决定而不需要请示上级，故动词reduce减少符合语境。11. B be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与相比，通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和与公众直接联系的一线管理人，省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的成效。12. B economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地。根据后句Empowerment and

25、delegation mean new forms of management control可知授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。13. D deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保。授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。14. A virtual虚拟的；ineffective无效果的，低效率的；day-to-day日常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这是一种新型通过虚拟网络进行管理的方法。15. C opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness魅力。根据后半句in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品，而不是他们的工作时